RPG Imersiva saúde do idoso: uma nova possibilidade de construção de aprendizagem em saúde? / Immersive RPG Elderly Health: A New Possibility for Constructing Health Learning?

Resumo Objetivo Avaliar a aplicabilidade e a efetividade de um jogo com elementos de Roleplaying Game (RPG) enquanto ferramenta didático pedagógica para o ensino em saúde. Método A população deste estudo foi de discentes de cursos de graduação e pós-graduação, da área da saúde, da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa. O estudo foi realizado entre os meses de abril a junho de 2018, em duas etapas. Primeiramente foi realizado o RPG com as turmas envolvidas, e após uma semana, entrevistas de GF para a obtenção de informações, contando com voluntários dessas turmas que aceitaram participar da pesquisa. A análise das informações foi baseada em aspectos da Teoria Fundamentada nos Dados (TFD). Resultados Da análise emergiram as categorias:1) Criação do jogo, 2) Impacto da experiência no ensino aprendizagem, 3) Reflexão acerca do jogo. Os resultados demonstram que o uso do jogo com elementos de RPG tem um enorme potencial a ser explorado no processo de ensino-aprendizagem na área da saúde. Trata-se de um método inovador e ainda pouco utilizado na área da saúde. É importante seguir algumas premissas para que a ferramenta seja utilizada de forma potente. Conclusão Nessa direção entende-se que o jogo auxilia na formação em saúde, enriquecendo conhecimentos e habilidades através de uma experiência desafiadora e conectada com a realidade.

Abstract Objective To assess the applicability and effectiveness of a game incorporating Roleplaying Game (RPG) elements as a pedagogical tool for health education. Method The study population comprised undergraduate and postgraduate students in the health field at the Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. This qualitative research was conducted between April and June 2018 in two stages. Initially, the RPG was implemented with the involved classes, followed by Focus Group interviews conducted a week later to gather information, with volunteers from these classes who willingly participated in the research. Information analysis was grounded in aspects of Grounded Theory (GT). Results The analysis yielded the following categories: 1) Game creation, 2) Impact of the experience on teaching and learning, 3) Reflection on the game. The results demonstrate that the use of RPG-influenced games holds significant untapped potential in the health education process. This innovative method remains underutilized within the health domain, necessitating adherence to specific premises for its potent application. Conclusion In this context, it is understood that the game contributes to health education, enhancing knowledge and skills through a challenging and reality-connected experience.

Current status of geriatric dentistry education in selected dental schools in Latin America and the Caribbean.

OBJECTIVE: Latin American and Carribean (LAC) are currently experiencing a rapid aging of their population, coupled with a significant burden of oral diseases. Despites this, there is a scarcity of evidence regarding the manner in wich geriatric dentistry is being taught in dental schools across LAC. So, the objective of this study is to investigate the current status of geriatric dentistry education at undergraduate and postgraduate levels in selected LAC dental schools. METHODS: An electronic questionnaire was developed and emailed to all 539 dental schools in 19 LAC countries. The questionnaire recorded activity levels, contents and methodology of geriatric dentistry education as part of dental degree programmes. Reminders by email and telephone calls were used to encourage non-responders to complete the questionnaire. RESULTS: In total, 317 schools from 17 countries responded to the questionnaire (response rate: 58.8%). Geriatric dentistry was taught in 54.6% of the schools at the undergraduate level and in 6.9% at the postgraduate level. Thirty two percent of the schools had a programme director trained in geriatric dentistry. Geriatric dentistry was taught as an independent course in 14.5% of the schools. Dry mouth, periodontal disease, denture-related conditions and prosthodontic management, oral mucosal disease and age-related changes of the orofacial complex were the most frequently covered topics. Clinical teaching of geriatric dentistry was reported by 26.5% of the schools, with 38.0% providing clinical training in outreach facilities. CONCLUSIONS: Geriatric dentistry education remains incipient in LAC, with only one in every four dental school offering it as a standalone course. There is an urgent need to further develop geriatric dentistry education in the continent, including further research to develop a minimum geriatric dentistry curriculum.

Predictors of tooth loss in Brazilian older adults: An 8-year follow-up.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the risk factors for tooth loss after 8 years among community-dwelling older adults in a southern Brazilian city. METHODS: In 2004, 388 dentate community-dwelling older adults from Carlos Barbosa, southern Brazil, were selected using simple random sampling. In 2012, the follow-up consisted of 199 (51.3%) participants. Data collection comprised an interview with data about socio-demographic, behavioural and access to services and an oral examination. The outcome variable of this study is the ratio between the sum of the teeth lost during the 8-year period of follow-up, and the sum of the teeth present in 2004, per person, modelled through binomial regression analysis. RESULTS: Being older (IOR = 1.03, 95% CI: 1.00-1.06), living in a rural area (IOR = 1.56, 95% CI: 1.17-2.07), earning two or more monthly minimum wages (IOR = 1.46, 95% CI: 1.09-1.96), living alone (single, widowed or divorced; IOR = 1.36, 95% CI: 1.00-1.85), having more gingival bleeding sites (IOR = 1.01, 95% CI: 1.00-1.02) and wearing partial removable prosthesis (IOR = 2.82, 95% CI: 2.15-3.71) were risk factors for tooth loss. Approximately 48% of the participants lost one or more teeth over the 8-year follow-up period. CONCLUSION: Socio-demographic, economic and clinical variables were associated with the risk for tooth loss. This might be a result of social determinants of health influencing people's access to oral health care, oral health behaviours and oral health status. Public policy aimed at older adults living in rural areas, living alone and using removable dentures may contribute to reducing the risk of tooth loss.

Residual dentition, prosthesis type and oral health-related quality of life in Uruguayan adults.

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the association between different types of dental prostheses (and residual dentition) and oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL). METHODS: A population-based study with a representative sample of adults and older adults in Uruguay (2010-2011). The dependent variable was the score on the oral impact on daily performance (OIDP), and the main predictor was the pattern of tooth loss and prosthesis use. Covariates included sex, age, socioeconomic status, education, missing teeth, pain and decayed teeth. Negative binomial regression was used. RESULTS: The sample comprised 762 participants. Those participants not wearing a prosthesis and with extensive tooth loss had a mean OIDP of 3.1 (95% CI = 1.6-6.2), while those wearing removable partial dentures (RPD) and having <12 missing teeth had a mean OIDP of 3.6 (95% CI = 1.3-10.0). Participants with a free-end saddle had the highest mean OIDP, at 4.9 (95% CI = 2.0-12.1). For participants with ≤12 missing teeth, any additional missing tooth was associated with an 11% higher OIDP score. Participants who wore RDPs reported fewer impacts on OHRQoL if they had extensive tooth loss or anterior tooth loss than those with a free-end saddle, or who had lost fewer teeth. CONCLUSIONS: The use of RPDs is associated with better OHRQoL. These findings may be valuable in clinical practice and prosthetic planning.

Percepción de calidad de vida por adultos mayores uruguayos: un estudio cualitativo / The Concept of Quality of Life in the Perception of Older Uruguayans: a qualitative study

Resumen El objetivo de este trabajo fue investigar la concepción de calidad de vida en adultos mayores uruguayos, procurando construir un modelo adaptado a ellos. Basado en Teoría Fundamentada, se realizó un estudio cualitativo entre 2017-2018 en varios departamentos de Uruguay. Se realizaron entrevistas semiestructuradas a adultos mayores (edad promedio 71 años, DE 5,4) con muestreo teórico y por bola de nieve. Emergió teoría a través de la categoría madre "vivir lo mejor que se puede", interpretada como la concepción de adultos mayores sobre calidad de vida. Los temas emergentes fueron: "eventos del contexto", "vínculo con otros", "actividades frente a la vida" y "estrategias de adaptación". Al enfrentar eventos estresantes, los participantes desarrollan estrategias de adaptación por medio del soporte social y locus interno de control, para alcanzar calidad de vida y un envejecimiento exitoso. La evidencia empírica desarrollada a partir de esta investigación cualitativa retrata un modelo establecido en un contexto etario y cultural específico, en el que interactúan dimensiones sociales y psicológicas para enfrentar el envejecimiento y alcanzar calidad de vida.

Abstract The research objective was to investigate the conception of quality of life in Uruguayan older adults, trying to build a model adapted to them. Based on Grounded Theory, a qualitative study was carried out between 2017-2018 in several regions of Uruguay. Semi-structured interviews were conducted in older adults (mean age 71 years, SD 5.4) with theoretical and snowball sampling. Theory emerged through the core category "living the best as possible", interpreted as the conception of older adults about quality of life. The emerging themes were: "context events", "link with others", "activities facing life" and "adaptation strategies". When facing stressful events, participants develop coping strategies through social support and internal locus of control, to achieve quality of life and successful aging. The empirical evidence developed from this qualitative research portrays a model established from a specific age and cultural context, in which social and psychological dimensions interact to face aging and achieve quality of life.

Envelhecimento e vulnerabilidades: a odontogeriatria na graduação como estratégia de valorização da vida / Aging and vulnerabilities: the geriatric dentistry in graduation as strategy of life valuation

O envelhecimento populacional suscita desafios sociais que se tornam mais evidentes pela pandemia de COVID-19, e o Brasil tem observado a morte de seus idosos e de jovens que não terão a oportunidade de envelhecer. A gerontologia, nesse contexto, faz-se imperativa e sua inserção na formação de profissionais de saúde é uma demanda urgente que a Faculdade de Odontologia da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul atende por meio de estágios curriculares voltados à pessoa idosa, construindo e consolidando conhecimentos relacionados ao envelhecimento na formação de estudantes de graduação em odontologia. As atividades ocorrem no curso diurno em unidades de saúde e em instituições de longa permanência para idosos, e no curso noturno através de visitas domiciliares a idosos vinculados a unidades de saúde. A problematização que esses estágios geram parece ter um impacto positivo no processo de formação, pois proporciona aos estudantes a possibilidade de desenvolverem outras formas de cuidado, que vão além da clínica biomédica tradicional e que os capacita como atores sociais. Essas diferentes práticas de ensino fortalecem a valorização da vida e do envelhecer, a autonomia e a participação do idoso como agente de formação e transformação social, e o protagonismo do próprio estudante.

Aspectos emocionais, apoio social e funcionalidade bucal de idosos robustos e residentes em instituição de longa permanência / Emotional aspects, social support and oral functionality regarding robust older adults' residents in a long-term institution

Objetivo: analisar as questões envolvendo aspectos emocionais e o acesso à informação, escuta qualificada,componentes do macroconceito de apoio social e suas relações com condições sociodemográficas e de funcionalidadebucal em idosos robustos e independentes moradores de uma instituição de longa permanência.Métodos: estudo descritivo observacional e transversal. Para coleta dos dados, foi aplicado o instrumento Escala de Apoio Social e, para análise dos dados, foi proposto um desfecho composto representando o apoio social recebido e análises bivariadas para observação de associações significantes entre o desfecho e as variáveissociodemográficas e de funcionalidade bucal. Resultados: a prevalência da percepção positiva do apoio foi de 54,4%, e é maior em idosos com idade variando entre 60-79 anos e com menor número de dentes.Conclusão: questões emocionais e de informação aos idosos, concebidas por meio das relações interpessoais dentro de uma instituição de longa permanência, precisam ser acessadas por idosos com dentição funcionale em idades mais avançadas.(AU)

Objective: to analyze issues involving emotional aspects and access to information, components of the macro concept of social support, and their relationship with sociodemographic and oral health conditions regarding older people living in long- -term care facilities. Methodology: research design with a transversa approach. To collect the data, the Social Support Scale instrument was applied, and data analysis was performed to compose the social support received and bivariate analyzes for the observation of significant associations between the outcome and socio demographic and oral health variables. Results: the prevalence of positive perception of the social support was 54.4%, higher in older individuals aged 60-79 years, with a higher number of teeth and a non-white colour. Conclusion: emotional and informational issues for the elderly, conceived through interpersonal relationships within a long-term institution need to be optimized.(AU)

Oral health and Obesity in Brazilian elders: A longitudinal study.

OBJECTIVES: Obesity is an important risk factor for chronic diseases and can also result in greater mortality. The aim of this longitudinal study was to investigate whether poor oral health acts as a risk factor for obesity as indicated by body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC). METHODS: We included in this analysis all participants who volunteered in a cohort study entitled 'Carlos Barbosa Cohort Study-CBCS' in the city of Carlos Barbosa, Southern Brazil. The interview questionnaire comprised socio-demographic information, behavioural questions and medical history. Oral examinations and anthropometric assessments were carried out. The outcome was obesity measured by both BMI (≥30 kg/m2 ) and WC (>0.80 for women and >0.94 for men). Variables were collected longitudinally. Those associated with the outcome and epidemiologically relevant to the conceptual framework participated in the analysis and were adjusted for socio-demographic, behavioural, general and oral health conditions. RESULTS: Six hundred and thirty-three independently living elders participated. The baseline mean age was 67.5 ± 6.1 years. Individuals who never visited a dentist (OR = 3.02, 95% CI: 1.25-7.26) as well as participants who needed a dental prosthesis in the lower arch (OR = 4.38, 95% CI: 1.34-14.32) were more likely to be obese, through BMI and WC measures, respectively. Edentulous participants with complete dentures in both arches (OR = 0.23, 95% CI: 0.06-0.84) and those who perceived their oral health as unsatisfactory (OR = 0.41, 95% CI: 0.19-0.88) had a lower likelihood of being obese, according to BMI and WC measures. CONCLUSIONS: Older persons with poor oral health may be at risk for general and central obesity, a relationship that may have important clinical implications.

[Manager profile and practices of county health management in the Unified Health System (SUS) according to population size in the municipalities of the Rio Grande do Sul state]. / Perfil do gestor e práticas de gestão municipal no Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) de acordo com porte populacional nos municípios do estado do Rio Grande do Sul.

This study intended to gather who are the county health managers and the practices performed in management. It is based on a cross-sectional design. The methodology involved the use of electronic questionnaire, which was sent to the health departments of the 497 municipalities of the state of Rio Grande do Sul (RS). Of these, 297 were answered (59.75%). However, only those with more than 50% of valid answers (n = 264) were included in the statistical analysis. The analysis included the calculation of the distribution of variables and chi-square testes, taking population size as an independent variable. Most managers were women; graduated; from different professional backgrounds; average age of 43.76 years-old, and white. The average health expenditure in the municipalities was ≈ 20% of revenues. There was a consensus on the insufficiency of resources. With regards to population size, 79.92% presented with ≤ 20,000 inhabitants. Statistically significant differences were found in the management of municipalities of different sizes, both in terms of priorities and difficulties. The study allowed to partially understanding the reality of municipal management. These results indicate the need to further investigate the feminization of health management, working process assessment, and the impacts of economical austerity policy.

O estudo buscou conhecer quem são os gestores municipais de saúde e práticas realizadas no âmbito de gestão. Possuiu delineamento transversal. A metodologia contou com o envio de um questionário eletrônico às secretarias de saúde dos 497 municípios do estado do Rio Grande do Sul (RS). Destes, 297 retornaram (59,75%). Contudo, foram considerados na análise estatística apenas os questionários com mais de 50% de respostas válidas (n = 264). A análise contou com o cálculo da distribuição das variáveis e com testes de qui-quadrado, onde o porte populacional foi considerado variável independente. A maioria foi composta por mulheres, com escolaridade alta e distintas formações, média de idade de 43,76 anos, cor branca. A média de gastos com saúde foi de ≈20% das receitas. Houve consenso quanto na insuficiência dos recursos. Quanto ao porte populacional, 79,92% possuíam ≤ 20.000 habitantes. Diferenças significativas foram observadas na gestão de municípios de distintos portes, tanto nas prioridades, quanto nas dificuldades. O estudo permitiu conhecer parcialmente a realidade da gestão municipal. Além disso, os resultados sugeriram a necessidade de novas pesquisas sobre a feminilização da gestão, avaliação de processos de trabalho e impactos da política de austeridade.

Perfil do gestor e práticas de gestão municipal no Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) de acordo com porte populacional nos municípios do estado do Rio Grande do Sul / Manager profile and practices of county health management in the Unified Health System (SUS) according to population size in the municipalities of the Rio Grande do Sul state

Resumo O estudo buscou conhecer quem são os gestores municipais de saúde e práticas realizadas no âmbito de gestão. Possuiu delineamento transversal. A metodologia contou com o envio de um questionário eletrônico às secretarias de saúde dos 497 municípios do estado do Rio Grande do Sul (RS). Destes, 297 retornaram (59,75%). Contudo, foram considerados na análise estatística apenas os questionários com mais de 50% de respostas válidas (n = 264). A análise contou com o cálculo da distribuição das variáveis e com testes de qui-quadrado, onde o porte populacional foi considerado variável independente. A maioria foi composta por mulheres, com escolaridade alta e distintas formações, média de idade de 43,76 anos, cor branca. A média de gastos com saúde foi de ≈20% das receitas. Houve consenso quanto na insuficiência dos recursos. Quanto ao porte populacional, 79,92% possuíam ≤ 20.000 habitantes. Diferenças significativas foram observadas na gestão de municípios de distintos portes, tanto nas prioridades, quanto nas dificuldades. O estudo permitiu conhecer parcialmente a realidade da gestão municipal. Além disso, os resultados sugeriram a necessidade de novas pesquisas sobre a feminilização da gestão, avaliação de processos de trabalho e impactos da política de austeridade.

Abstract This study intended to gather who are the county health managers and the practices performed in management. It is based on a cross-sectional design. The methodology involved the use of electronic questionnaire, which was sent to the health departments of the 497 municipalities of the state of Rio Grande do Sul (RS). Of these, 297 were answered (59.75%). However, only those with more than 50% of valid answers (n = 264) were included in the statistical analysis. The analysis included the calculation of the distribution of variables and chi-square testes, taking population size as an independent variable. Most managers were women; graduated; from different professional backgrounds; average age of 43.76 years-old, and white. The average health expenditure in the municipalities was ≈ 20% of revenues. There was a consensus on the insufficiency of resources. With regards to population size, 79.92% presented with ≤ 20,000 inhabitants. Statistically significant differences were found in the management of municipalities of different sizes, both in terms of priorities and difficulties. The study allowed to partially understanding the reality of municipal management. These results indicate the need to further investigate the feminization of health management, working process assessment, and the impacts of economical austerity policy.

Evaluation of the Residency Programs of the Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul from the residents view / Avaliação dos Programas de Residência da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul na percepção dos residentes

Introduction: The multi-professional residencies in the Health area started to improve after the Law n° 11.129 of 2005. They are a modality of Latu-sensu graduate education, with the purpose of training professionals to work in the National Unified Health System (SUS). Objective: This study aimed to investigate the current situation, from a perspective of satisfaction with the training in Residency courses, with the residents of the Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul. Material and method: It is a study with a mixed-methods approach. The quantitative section was conducted through the application of a questionnaire to all residents participating in the UFRGS Residency Programs in 2018. The qualitative part was conducted using the focus group technique. Result: There were 81 participants in the quantitative component, and 14 residents of the Oral Health program participated in the focus groups. The quantitative results showed that residents received little or no guidance at the beginning of the program. The qualitative results showed questions that allow inferences about residents' dissatisfaction and lack of knowledge about the functioning of the Programs. Conclusion: Residents recognize that there are still issues with program administration to be improved, and more especially, the recognition of the importance of the Residency Programs within the University.

Introdução: As residências multiprofissionais em área profissional da saúde ganharam espaço a partir da Lei n°11.129 de 2005. Constituem-se como uma modalidade de ensino de pós-graduação Latu-sensu, com a intenção de capacitar profissionais para trabalhar no Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS). Objetivo: Este estudo teve por objetivo investigar a atual situação, desde uma perspectiva de satisfação com a formação, com cursos de Residência, dos residentes da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul. Material e método: Constitui-se de um estudo com abordagem mista. O segmento quantitativo ocorreu através da aplicação de um questionário para todos os residentes participantes do Programa de Residência da UFRGS no ano de 2018. O estudo de abordagem qualitativa foi realizado através da técnica de grupos focais. Resultado: Totalizaram 81 participantes na abordagem quantitativa e nos grupos focais participaram 14 residentes, pertencentes ao programa de Saúde Bucal. Os resultados quantitativos representam que os residentes receberam pouca ou nenhuma orientação no início do programa. Os resultados qualitativos apresentam questões que permitem fazer inferências acerca da insatisfação e desconhecimento dos residentes acerca do funcionamento dos Programas. Conclusão: Destaca-se que os residentes reconhecem que há ainda questões de gestão do programa a serem aprimoradas, bem como de reconhecimento da sua importância dentro da Universidade.

Pessoas idosas, covid-19 e saúde bucal: interlocuções, particularidades e reflexões / Elderly, covid-19, and oral health: dialogues, particularities, and reflections

Uma pandemia como a da COVID-19 faz a população mundial repensar várias questões envolvendo cuidado em saúde de pessoas idosas. Neste contexto, a assistência odontológica deve se adequar ao enfrentamento da referida pandemia. O presente artigo reflexivo tem como objetivo apresentar uma narrativa sobre questões envolvendo a atualidade do cuidado em saúde bucal das pessoas idosas frente aos novos desafios trazidos pela pandemia do coronavírus. Neste artigo, especialistas da área trazem algumas perspectivas sobre as intersecções entre os cuidados com a saúde e suas pluralidades frente à pessoa idosa. Desse modo, educação em saúde, saúde mental e cuidado compassivo são compreendidos como desafios a serem enfrentados. A COVID-19 em pessoas idosas institucionalizadas e as ações de cuidadores relacionadas à saúde bucal são necessidades emergentes que necessitam ser discutidas para nortear ações atuais e futuras.(AU)

A pandemic such as that of COVID-19 makes the world population rethink several issues involving health care for the elderly. In this context, dental care must be adapted to face the referred pandemic. The present reflective essay aims to present a narrative on issues involving the current oral health care of the elderly in the face of new challenges brought about by the pandemic of the coronavirus. In this article, specialists in the field bring some perspectives on the intersections between health care and its pluralities vis-à-vis the elderly. In this way, health education, mental health, and compassionate care are understood as challenges to be faced. COVID-19 in institutionalized elderly people and the actions of oral health caregivers are emerging situations that need to be discussed to guide current and future actions.(AU)

Beliefs about managing dental problems among older people and dental professionals in Southern Brazil.

OBJECTIVES: To explore the sociocultural context in which patients and dentists in urban and rural communities in Southern Brazil interpret dental problems. METHOD: Beliefs and experiences related to dental problems were explored in eight focus groups involving a total of 41 older patients, and in direct interviews with two dentists and two dental assistants. The interactions were audio recorded and transcribed for thematic analysis. RESULTS: The beliefs and experiences of the participants focused on four main themes: cultural beliefs; dental services; decisions to extract teeth; and expectations for change. A culture of pre-nuptial tooth loss and complete dentures was considered beneficial to young women. Although dental services at the time were scarce in the region, demands for relief of pain were extensive despite the fear and anxiety of the participants. Extraction of teeth and fabrication of complete dentures were the usual dental treatments available, although some participants felt that dentists withheld other treatment options. Participants were hopeful that dental services would improve for their children. CONCLUSIONS: Patients and dental professionals in urban and rural communities of Southern Brazil managed dental problems within a culture of limited access and availability of services that favoured dental extractions and complete dentures.

Oral health of the Latin American elders: What we know and what we should do-Position paper of the Latin American Oral Geriatric Group of the International Association for Dental Research.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this review was to gather information and discuss oral health status of older people in the Latin American and Caribbean region (LAC). BACKGROUND: Scarce data are available to portrait the oral situation of older people in the region. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This review paper is the result of a meeting of the IADR's Latin American Geriatric Oral Research Group held in Porto Alegre, Brazil, in November of 2016, part of the activities of an IADR Regional Development Programme (RDP). A group of researchers from 8 countries of LAC held a discussion using 5 questions related to the oral health situation of older Latin Americans, the most appropriate strategies to face the problem and the challenges for the future, with an open discussion format. In a second step, a group of 6 experts refined the answers and reviewed the existent literature. RESULTS: The review of the evidence revealed that only a few LAC countries have information, which suggests the need for multinational efforts to understand the oral health status and programmes in place. Of the few studies available, it is possible to observe poor oral health as a common feature of older adults in the region. CONCLUSION: There is a need for the development of national surveys and standardised tools for the assessment of oral health in older adults. Also, intense advocacy to modify and influence public health policies in the different countries of the LAC is strongly recommended.

Four-year incidence rate and predictors of root caries among community-dwelling south Brazilian older adults.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to assess the incidence density (ID) of new root caries lesions and restorations among community-living south Brazilian older adults and to assess its association with predictor variables. METHODS: We conducted a prospective cohort with a random sample of elders from the municipality of Carlos Barbosa, in south Brazil. Trained dentists performed interviews and oral examinations in 388 individuals at baseline, of which 273 were retained at follow-up 4 years later. Our outcome was root caries ID, with 100 root-years as its unit of measure. Demographic, biological and lifestyle predictors were tested with Poisson regression. RESULTS: The mean number of roots at baseline among participants was 7.0 (SD ± 4.9) and the incidence rate per 100 root-year 4.9 (SD ± 8.9). Incidence of root caries among these older Brazilians was of 47.3%. The associated factors with the incidence of root caries were age, geographic location of residence, frequency of tooth brushing and stimulated saliva flow rate. CONCLUSION: Age, external environment, personal practices and oral status were predictors of the incidence of root caries. Preventive strategies including the use of fluorides and instruction to improve the attitude and behaviour towards oral hygiene are needed.

Incidence and predictors of edentulism among south Brazilian older adults.

OBJECTIVE: To identify socioeconomic, demographic, behavioural and clinical predictors of the 8-year incidence of edentulism in south Brazilian older adults. METHODS: Cohort of a representative sample of older persons in Carlos Barbosa, a south Brazil city. A cohort study was conducted using a simple random sample of 392 older people evaluated in 2004, with follow-ups in 2008 and 2012, when 199 participants were evaluated. Interviews and oral examinations were conducted. The baseline assessment was carried out in 2004, with follow-ups in 2008 and 2012. To evaluate the predictors of edentulism, Poisson regression models with robust variance were carried out. The outcome was modelled through the use of a hierarchical approach based on the conceptual framework proposed by Andersen and Davidson. RESULTS: Some 11.5% of the participants had become edentulous after 8 years. Higher income, use of partial removable dentures and low salivary flow were associated with the incidence of edentulism. CONCLUSIONS: Maintaining a good salivary function may be essential for the prevention of the incidence of edentulism in this age group. Furthermore, our findings suggest that rehabilitations with partial removable dentures may be detrimental to long-term oral health.

Ultra-short version of the oral health impact profile in elderly Chileans.

AIM: The aim of the present study was to develop and validate an ultra-short Spanish version of the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP) in an elderly Chilean population. METHODS: The OHIP-49Sp was applied to 490 older adults, and the seven questions with the higher impact on oral health-related quality of life were selected through linear regression. These items were applied to 85 older adults to test internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha). A discriminative validity analysis was carried out along with the assessment of sociodemographic and clinical variables. Data were analyzed using the Mann-Whitney U-test, Student's t-test and one-way anova tests with a 95% confidence level. RESULTS: High internal consistency values were obtained for the OHIP-7Sp instrument (0.93). There was an association between the OHIP-7Sp scores and the presence of caries, need for complex periodontal treatment, prosthetic needs, and age younger than 70 years. CONCLUSION: The OHIP-7Sp proved to be a consistent and valid tool to assess oral health-related quality of life in Chilean older adults, and can be incorporated in epidemiological studies that include several other targets. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2017; 17: 277-285.

A Clínica Ampliada como ferramenta de cuidado e ensino em Geriatria / The Expanded Clinic as a Geriatric care and teaching tool

O envelhecimento populacional é uma característica mundial, ocorrendo inclusive no Brasil. Frente aos desafios para o Sistema Único de Saúde e seus profissionais, se faz necessária uma mudança de abordagem, no sentido de ampliação da clínica. O objetivo deste estudo é relatar a experiência de integração entre ensino, serviços de saúde e comunidade, por meio da construção da disciplina do Estágio em Odontogeriatria. A partir da criação do curso de Odontologia noturno, os professores da disciplina buscaram alternativas de campos de estágio no turno da noite, já que a instituição de longa permanência para idosos e as Unidades de Saúde da Rede de Atenção em Saúde da Prefeitura Municipal de Porto Alegre, que recebem os estagiários do curso diurno, não realizam atendimento de idosos depois das 18:30 horas. Assim, professores, gestores municipais e duas equipes de Saúde da Família (ESF) realizaram rodas de conversa para estruturar o estágio noturno, almejando trabalhar com os estudantes, além de conhecimentos, atitudes e práticas. Foram pactuadas atividades teóricas, oficinas sobre Avaliação Global do Idoso, além de visitas domiciliares a idosos - em seu contexto - acompanhadas de profissionais da ESF. Os grupos de preceptoria foram realizados visando o planejamento de Projetos Terapêuticos Singulares para e com os idosos que foram visitados, a partir da problematização de suas condições de vida. Frente aos resultados já obtidos por relatos e observações, acredita-se no potencial do Estágio em Odontogeriatria do curso noturno na construção de um novo paradigma em Odontologia relacionado à ampliação da clínica e à interdisciplinaridade (AU).

Population aging is a universal characteristic, occurring even in Brazil. Facing the challenges to the Unified Health System and its professionals, it seems necessary to reflect on the time and opportunity of the Clinic Expansion. This study aims to report the experience of integration between education, health services, and community, through the construction of the subject Geriatric Dentistry Internship. Since the creation of the night-shift Dentistry course, the teachers have sought alternatives to the nightshift internship, since the long-term institution for the elderly and the Health Units of the Porto Alegre's Care Network, that receive day course trainees, do not perform care to elderly after 6:30 PM. Thus, teachers, municipal managers and two Family Health Teams (FHT) participated in conversation circles to structure the internship to the nocturnal course, aiming to work with the students besides knowledge, attitudes, and practices. Theoretical activities, workshops on the Elderly Global Assessment and also home visits were agreed. The elderly were visited in their context and accompanied by FHT professionals. The preceptory groups were carried out for planning the Singular Therapeutic Projects for and with the elderly who were visited, from the problematization of their living conditions. Since the results already obtained by reports and observations, we believe in the potential of the this for construction of a new Dental paradigm, related to the expansion of the clinic and interdisciplinarity (AU).

Four-year incidence and predictors of coronal caries in south Brazilian elderly.

OBJECTIVES: To determine the incidence and predictors of coronal caries among community-dwelling elderly in a southern Brazilian city. METHODS: A cohort study was conducted using a simple random sample of persons aged 60 years or older in Carlos Barbosa city, southern Brazil. Interviews and oral examinations were conducted among 388 dentate individuals at baseline and among 273 at 4-year follow-up. The incidence of coronal caries was modeled by means of negative binomial regression. RESULTS: Some 184 (76.7%) participants presented with new coronal caries lesions or restorations, whose mean number was 2.2 ± 2.1, whereas the 4-year mean coronal caries incidence rate was 0.28 ± 0.29. In the multivariate model that controlled for baseline predictors, older age, male gender, living in a rural area, current smoking, and negative self-perception of oral health were associated with coronal caries incidence. Among clinical variables, the use of partial dentures was a predictor, whereas higher saliva flow rate was a protective factor for the outcome. CONCLUSIONS: Demographic factors, primary determinants of health, behavioral, and clinical variables were predictors of the incidence of coronal caries. As people enter old age, even stronger emphasis should be put on preventive strategies.