Does the diversity of vegetation and diatoms correlate with soil and water factors in a tropical cloud forest's complex land use/land cover scenario?

Soil and water characteristics in micro basins with different land uses/land cover (LULC) can influence riparian vegetation diversity, stream water quality, and benthic diatom diversity. We analyzed 18 streams in the upper part of the La Antigua River basin, México, surrounded by cloud forests, livestock pastures, and coffee plantations. Concentrations of P, C, and N were elevated in the humus of forested streams compared to other land uses. In contrast, cations, ammonium, and total suspended solids (TSS) of water streams were higher in pastures and coffee plantations. These results indicate that LULC affects stream chemistry differently across land uses. Vegetation richness was highest (86-133 spp.) in forest streams and lowest in pastures (46-102), whereas pasture streams had the greatest richness of diatoms (9-24), likely due to higher light and temperatures. Some soil and water characteristics correlated with both true diversity and taxonomic diversity; soil carbon exchange capacity (CEC) correlated with vegetation diversity (r = 0.60), while water temperature correlated negatively (r = - 0.68). Diatom diversity was related to soil aluminum (r = - 0.59), magnesium (r = 0.57), water phosphorus (r = 0.88), and chlorophyll (r = 0.75). These findings suggest that land use affects riparian vegetation, while physical and chemical changes influence diatom diversity in stream water and soil. The lack of correlation between vegetation and diatom diversity indicates that one cannot predict the other. This research is an essential first step in understanding how land use changes impact vegetation and diatom diversity in mountain landscapes, providing valuable insights for environmental monitoring and conservation efforts in tropical cloud forests.

Influence in physicochemical, nutritional, and antioxidant properties by addition Moringa oleifera leaves in Avena sativa bread.

Moringa oleifera leaves have high nutrient valor, physicochemical, and nutraceutical properties and can be used as ingredients to develop wheat-free enrich. The aim was to evaluate nutritional, chemical, and nutraceutical characterization, antioxidant capacity, along physicochemical parameters to develop four oat bread using yeast (PL), xanthan gum (PG), and 2.5% (M2) or 5.0% (M5) of moringa leaves. Morinaga leaves were a source of 23.19% protein, 12.43% ash, and 30.36% dietary fiber. The bread formulations increased the protein content by 25-50%, and decreased lipid in 52.14% compared with commercial bread. For antioxidant capacity, PLM5 had the highest with values of 11.97 mMTE/g (DPPH), 16.06 mMTE/g (ABTS), and 16.38 mMTE/g (FRAP). In the bread with MOLP were identified Epicatechin, rutin, and dihydroxybenzoic acid by HPLC. The bread with a better texture profile was PLM2. The results suggested that moringa leaves used as an oat bread ingredient can enhance the nutritional and nutraceutical content.

Environmental stressor assessment of hydrocarbonoclastic bacteria biofilms from a marine oil spill.

The environmental and economic impact of an oil spill can be significant. Biotechnologies applied during a marine oil spill involve bioaugmentation with immobilised or encapsulated indigenous hydrocarbonoclastic species selected under laboratory conditions to improve degradation rates. The environmental factors that act as stressors and impact the effectiveness of hydrocarbon removal are one of the challenges associated with these applications. Understanding how native microbes react to environmental stresses is necessary for effective bioaugmentation. Herein, Micrococcus luteus and M. yunnanensis isolated from a marine oil spill mooring system showed hydrocarbonoclastic activity on Maya crude oil in a short time by means of total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) at 144 h: M. luteus up to 98.79 % and M. yunnanensis 97.77 % removal. The assessment of Micrococcus biofilms at different temperature (30 °C and 50 °C), pH (5, 6, 7, 8, 9), salinity (30, 50, 60, 70, 80 g/L), and crude oil concentration (1, 5, 15, 25, 35 %) showed different response to the stressors depending on the strain. According to response surface analysis, the main effect was temperature > salinity > hydrocarbon concentration. The hydrocarbonoclastic biofilm architecture was characterised using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). Subtle but significant differences were observed: pili in M. luteus by SEM and the topographical differences measured by AFM Power Spectral Density (PSD) analysis, roughness was higher in M. luteus than in M. yunnanensis. In all three domains of life, the Universal Stress Protein (Usp) is crucial for stress adaptation. Herein, the uspA gene expression was analysed in Micrococcus biofilm under environmental stressors. The uspA expression increased up to 2.5-fold in M. luteus biofilms at 30 °C, and 1.3-fold at 50 °C. The highest uspA expression was recorded in M. yunnanensis biofilms at 50 °C with 2.5 and 3-fold with salinities of 50, 60, and 80 g/L at hydrocarbon concentrations of 15, 25, and 35 %. M. yunnanensis biofilms showed greater resilience than M. luteus biofilms when exposed to harsh environmental stressors. M. yunnanensis biofilms were thicker than M. luteus biofilms. Both biofilm responses to environmental stressors through uspA gene expression were consistent with the behaviours observed in the response surface analyses. The uspA gene is a suitable biomarker for assessing environmental stressors of potential microorganisms for bioremediation of marine oil spills and for biosensing the ecophysiological status of native microbiota in a marine petroleum environment.

Assessing the impact of three biosphere reserves on the conservation of coastal ecosystems.

Biosphere Reserves (BR) manage large territories with diverse natural covers and land uses to preserve biodiversity, promote local development and preserve ecosystems. This study evaluated how their zoning (buffer and core) and policy timeframes (decree period, management plan period, and land planning period) influence four landscape management outcomes: deforestation, natural cover recovery, and anthropic and natural permanence. For three Mexican BR case studies, land use and cover transitions were calculated and compared to contrafactual sites. Observed rates of land cover change were marginal within all three BR zoning and across their policy timeframe (<0.02 % change rate), suggesting that BR effectively promote the permanence of both natural and anthropic covers. Nevertheless, the predicted probability of uncommon deforestation and recovery outcomes at local levels showed that the effect of a BR over its regulated landscape is not spatiotemporally static, contrasting the effect of individual allocation vs a group or network. Poverty, land tenure, agriculture aptitude and distance to markets adds to this dynamic and is modelled and discussed. This study shows that BR zoning schemes and its regulatory sequence influence the rates of land cover change and the predicted probability of landscape management outcomes across space and time.

Ultrasound monitoring to detect embolic phenomena in the inferior vena cava during hip arthroplasty.

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: Embolic phenomena frequently occur during hip joint replacement surgery, and may lead to haemodynamic instability in frail patients. Transoesophageal ultrasound monitoring is rarely available in non-cardiac operating theatres, and cannot be performed in awake patients under spinal anaesthesia. The main objectives of this prospective exploratory study were to determine the feasibility of using an alternative ultrasound approach to monitor the inferior vena cava during hip replacement surgery, and to determine the intra and interobserver reliability of the ultrasound findings. METHOD: We conducted a prospective exploratory study in 20 patients undergoing cemented hip arthroplasty in the supine position under spinal anaesthesia and sedation. The inferior vena cava was assessed through a subcostal window at 10 intraoperative time points, and the findings were rated on a qualitative embolism severity scale. The ultrasound images were evaluated by 2 independent observers. RESULTS: An adequate subcostal window was obtained in 90% of cases. Intra- and inter-observer reliability was high (kappa index >0.80, p < 0.001). Nearly all (95%) patients presented some degree of embolism, which was severe in 50% of cases. CONCLUSIONS: Our study suggests that ultrasound assessment of embolic phenomena in the inferior vena cava through a subcostal window is feasible in 90% of cases. The qualitative embolic severity rating scale is highly reproducible and has high intra- and inter-observer reliability.

Good clinical practice recommendations for the diagnosis and treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease. An expert review from the Asociación Mexicana de Gastroenterología.

INTRODUCTION: Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is very prevalent in the general population, with a broad spectrum of clinical manifestations, requiring accurate diagnosis and treatment. AIM: The aim of this expert review is to establish good clinical practice recommendations for the diagnosis and personalized treatment of GERD. METHODS: The good clinical practice recommendations were produced by a group of experts in GERD, members of the Asociación Mexicana de Gastroenterología (AMG), after carrying out an extensive review of the published literature and discussing each recommendation at a face-to-face meeting. This document does not aim to be a clinical practice guideline with the methodology such a document requires. RESULTS: Fifteen experts on GERD formulated 27 good clinical practice recommendations for recognizing the symptoms and complications of GERD, the rational use of diagnostic tests and medical treatment, the identification and management of refractory GERD, the overlap with functional disorders, endoscopic and surgical treatment, and GERD in the pregnant woman, older adult, and the obese patient. CONCLUSIONS: An accurate diagnosis of GERD is currently possible, enabling the prescription of a personalized treatment in patients with this condition. The goal of the good clinical practice recommendations by the group of experts from the AMG presented in this document is to aid both the general practitioner and specialist in the process of accurate diagnosis and treatment, in the patient with GERD.

Performance of machine-learning approach for prediction of pre-eclampsia in a middle-income country.

OBJECTIVE: Pre-eclampsia (PE) is a serious complication of pregnancy associated with maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. As current prediction models have limitations and may not be applicable in resource-limited settings, we aimed to develop a machine-learning (ML) algorithm that offers a potential solution for developing accurate and efficient first-trimester prediction of PE. METHODS: We conducted a prospective cohort study in Mexico City, Mexico to develop a first-trimester prediction model for preterm PE (pPE) using ML. Maternal characteristics and locally derived multiples of the median (MoM) values for mean arterial pressure, uterine artery pulsatility index and serum placental growth factor were used for variable selection. The dataset was split into training, validation and test sets. An elastic-net method was employed for predictor selection, and model performance was evaluated using area under the receiver-operating-characteristics curve (AUC) and detection rates (DR) at 10% false-positive rates (FPR). RESULTS: The final analysis included 3050 pregnant women, of whom 124 (4.07%) developed PE. The ML model showed good performance, with AUCs of 0.897, 0.963 and 0.778 for pPE, early-onset PE (ePE) and any type of PE (all-PE), respectively. The DRs at 10% FPR were 76.5%, 88.2% and 50.1% for pPE, ePE and all-PE, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Our ML model demonstrated high accuracy in predicting pPE and ePE using first-trimester maternal characteristics and locally derived MoM. The model may provide an efficient and accessible tool for early prediction of PE, facilitating timely intervention and improved maternal and fetal outcome. © 2023 The Authors. Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.

Eficiencia de un enfoque de aprendizaje automático para la predicción de la preeclampsia en un país de ingresos medios OBJETIVO: La preeclampsia (PE) es una complicación grave del embarazo asociada a morbilidad y mortalidad materna y del feto. Dado que los modelos de predicción actuales tienen limitaciones y pueden no ser aplicables en situaciones con recursos limitados, se propuso desarrollar un algoritmo de aprendizaje automático (AA) que ofrezca una solución con potencial para desarrollar una predicción precisa y eficiente de la PE en el primer trimestre. MÉTODOS: Se realizó un estudio de cohorte prospectivo en Ciudad de México para desarrollar un modelo de predicción de la PE pretérmino (PEp) en el primer trimestre utilizando AA. Para la selección de variables se utilizaron las características maternas y los múltiplos de la mediana (MdM) obtenidos localmente para la presión arterial media, el índice de pulsatilidad de la arteria uterina y el factor de crecimiento placentario sérico. El conjunto de datos se dividió en subconjuntos de datos de entrenamiento, de validación y de test estadístico. Se empleó un método de red elástica para la selección de predictores, y el rendimiento del modelo se evaluó mediante el área bajo la curva de características operativas del receptor (ABC) y las tasas de detección (TD) con tasas de falsos positivos (TFP) del 10%. RESULTADOS: El análisis final incluyó a 3050 mujeres embarazadas, de las cuales 124 (4,07%) desarrollaron PE. El modelo de AA mostró una buena eficiencia, con un ABC de 0,897, 0,963 y 0,778 para la PEp, la PE de aparición temprana (PEat) y cualquier tipo de PE (todas las PE), respectivamente. Las TD con TFP del 10% fueron del 76,5%, 88,2% y 50,1% para la PEp, PEat y todas las PE, respectivamente. CONCLUSIONES: Nuestro modelo de AA demostró una alta precisión en la predicción de la PEp y la PEat utilizando características maternas del primer trimestre y MdM calculados localmente. El modelo puede proporcionar una herramienta eficiente y accesible para la predicción temprana de la PE, facilitando la intervención oportuna y la mejora de los resultados maternos y del feto.

Trends in the mortality of diabetes in Mexico from 1998 to 2022: a joinpoint regression and age-period-cohort effect analysis.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose was to analyze age-standardized trends in diabetes mortality rates (DMR) from 1998 to 2022, stratified by sex and Mexican state, and the effects attributable to age, period, and cohort by sex. STUDY DESIGN: Joinpoint regression and age-period-cohort effect analysis. METHODS: Based on the tenth revision of the International Classification of Diseases, E11, E12, E13, and E14 codes of the death certificate, a daily record of mortality was extracted from the death certificate attributable to diabetes as the main cause. From 1998 to 2022, sexes and ages (≥20 years) were used to calculate the crude mortality rates and standardized at the national and Mexican state levels. Additionally, the age-period-cohort model was used to examine age, period, and cohort effects. RESULTS: From 1998 to 2005, the age-adjusted DMR increased by 3.6% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.7, 4.5) for the total population, as shown by the joinpoint regression analysis at a national level; from 2017 to 2020, it increased by 7.4% (95% CI: 0.6, 14.8). The DMR with the highest increase during the study period came mainly from states in the country's southeastern region, 2.3% to 3.7% per year. The net age and period effects showed that mortality increased with advancing age and with going time, respectively; and the net cohort effect revealed that mortality increased in more recent birth cohorts, mainly in men Rate Ratio (RR) = 2.37 (95% CI: 2.29, 2.46) vs RR = 1.13 (95% CI: 1.09, 1.17). CONCLUSION: The DMR increased among older age groups. The period effect showed that mortality increased over time. Furthermore, the cohort effect showed that mortality increased in more recent birth cohorts, especially among men.

Neurotoxidad inducida por ifosfamida / Ifosfamide-induced neurotoxicity

Introducción: La ifosfamida es un agente alquilante utilizado para el tratamiento de enfermedades oncohematológicas. Entre sus eventos adversos agudos se encuentra la neurotoxicidad. Esta puede presentarse desde el inicio de la infusión hasta tres días después. El tratamiento consiste en suspender la administración y asegurar una adecuada hidratación. Objetivo: Describir eventos neurológicos asociados al uso de ifosfamida en pacientes pediátricos con enfermedades oncohematológicas. Materiales y métodos: Estudio observacional, descriptivo, retrospectivo y transversal. Los datos se obtuvieron de historias clínicas de pacientes internados en el Hospital Garrahan que infundieron ifosfamida y desarrollaron síntomas neurológicos. Se analizaron edad, diagnóstico de base, dosis de ifosfamida, síntomas neurológicos y su relación con la infusión, tratamiento instaurado, exámenes complementarios y posibles factores de riesgo asociados. Resultados: Se registraron un total de catorce eventos neurológicos en doce pacientes, sin diferencia de sexo, con una mediana de edad de 9,5 años. La enfermedad de base más prevalente fue osteosarcoma. Las convulsiones fueron el síntoma más frecuente (50%), seguido de somnolencia y paresias. La combinación de ifosfamida y etopósido con/sin carboplatino se asoció en un 36% cada uno. El 64% desarrolló neurotoxicidad dentro de las primeras cuatro horas. Ningún paciente presentó alteraciones en los exámenes complementarios. Todos presentaron recuperación ad integrum. Conclusión: Este estudio brinda información acerca del tiempo de aparición de esta complicación, lo cual facilitará su detección precoz y tratamiento oportuno (AU)

Introduction: Ifosfamide is an alkylating agent used for the treatment of cancer. Among its acute adverse events is neurotoxicity. This can occur from the beginning of the infusion up to three days afterwards. Treatment consists of discontinuing administration and ensuring adequate hydration. Objective: To describe neurological events associated with the use of ifosfamide in children with cancer. Materials and methods: Observational, descriptive, retrospective, and cross-sectional study. Data were obtained from clinical records of patients admitted to the Garrahan Hospital who received ifosfamide infusion and developed neurological symptoms. Age, baseline diagnosis, ifosfamide dose, neurological symptoms and their relationship with the infusion, treatment, complementary tests, and possible associated risk factors were analyzed. Results: A total of fourteen neurological events were recorded in twelve patients, without difference in sex and with a median age of 9.5 years. The most prevalent underlying disease was osteosarcoma. Seizures were the most frequent symptom (50%), followed by drowsiness and paresis. The combination of ifosfamide and etoposide with/without carboplatin was associated in 36% each. Sixty-four percent developed neurotoxicity within the first four hours. None of the patients presented with abnormalities in the complementary examinations. All recovered ad integrum. Conclusion: This study provides information about the time of onset of this complication, which will facilitate its early detection and timely treatment (AU)

Worldwide comparison between the potential distribution of Rhipicephalus microplus (Acari: Ixodidae) under climate change scenarios.

The cattle tick Rhipicephalus microplus (Acari: Ixodidae) has demonstrated its ability to increase its distribution raising spatially its importance as a vector for zoonotic hemotropic pathogens. In this study, a global ecological niche model of R. microplus was built in different scenarios using Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP), Socio-Economic Pathway (SSP), and a climatic dataset to determine where the species could establish itself and thus affect the variability in the presentation of the hemotropic diseases they transmit. America, Africa and Oceania showed a higher probability for the presence of R. microplus in contrast to some countries in Europe and Asia in the ecological niche for the current period (1970-2000), but with the climate change, there was an increase in the ratio between the geographic range preserved between the RCP and SSP scenarios obtaining the greatest gain in the interplay of RCP4.5-SSP245. Our results allow to determine future changes in the distribution of the cattle tick according to the increase in environmental temperature and socio-economic development influenced by human development activities and trends; this work explores the possibility of designing integral maps between the vector and specific diseases.

[Ictal nystagmus: acquired nystagmus of infrequent cause in pediatrics]. / Nistagmo ictal: causa infrecuente de nistagmo adquirido en pediatría.

Ictal nystagmus is a rare phenomenon secondary to an epileptic seizure, usually in the temporo- occipital region. For its characterization, we must rely on clinical history, examination, and ideally observation of the episodes. OBJECTIVES: To describe a case of this unusual entity and highlight the characteristics that should increase diagnostic suspicion in order to avoid treatment delay. CLINICAL CASE: An 8-year-old schoolboy, with no relevant history, consulted due to 5-6 episodes a day in the last year of conjugate horizontal eye movements with rapid jerks and associated slight miosis, lasting 5-10 seconds, with doubtful disconnection from the environment or consciousness impairment in some of the episodes, with no other accompanying signs or symptoms. Neurological examination between episodes was normal. He was evaluated by ophthalmology and otolaryngology, which ruled out pathology in these areas. Video-electroencephalogram showed electro-clinical correlations, with epileptiform activity in the left temporal and occipital region, which subsequently generalized during episodes. Brain MRI showed no pathological findings. After initiation of carbamazepine treatment, the patient had a good evolution, without recurrence of the episodes at 2 years of follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: When faced with a case of acquired nystagmus, epileptic etiology should be included in the differential diagnosis, especially if the frequency of episodes is high, of short duration, and associated with consciousness impairment. The diagnosis is based on a video-electroencephalogram with electro-clinical correlations and a good response to treatment with antiepileptic drugs is expected.

Alien and Potentially Invasive Plants in Four Lagoons on the Island of Cozumel, Mexico.

The expansion of alien invasive species is a worldwide threat that affects most ecosystems. Islands and freshwater ecosystems are among the most vulnerable to species invasion, resulting in reduced biodiversity. In this study, we aimed to explore the floristic composition of the aquatic vegetation in four lagoons in southeastern Cozumel and assess the occurrence and abundance of alien and potentially invasive plants. We found a total of 43 aquatic or underwater herbaceous species that are subject to periodic flooding. Cluster analyses grouped the lagoons into two groups according to their floristic composition. The results demonstrate that alien and potentially invasive plants were dominant in 3 of the 4 lagoons, representing from 7 to 43% of the species. Six of these species were notably abundant, especially in three lagoons. Further, 2 species are considered among the 100 worst invasive species worldwide, although their abundance in Mexico remains relatively reduced. Five alien and potentially invasive species are terrestrial and grow on the shore of the lagoons, while one is aquatic. Urgent control and management actions are necessary. These should include (a) early detection and surveillance to determine if the alien species found behave as invasives; (b) understanding the relevance of invasive species; (c) preventing and intercepting; and (d) control and management. Habitat restoration, adequate legislation, collaboration between stakeholders, and raising awareness of the dangers of releasing or cultivating invasive species in the wild are also necessary.

Medicinal plants from Mexico used in the treatment of scorpion sting.

Scorpion sting envenomation is a major public health in Mexico. Rural communities rarely have antivenoms in the health centers, therefore, the people commonly resort to using medicinal plants to treat the symptoms of envenoming caused by scorpion venom, but this knowledge has not yet been reported in detail. In this review, we carry out a review of the medicinal plants used in Mexico against scorpion stings. PubMed, Google, Science Direct, and the Digital Library of Mexican Traditional Medicine (DLMTM) were used to collect data. The results showed the use of at least 48 medicinal plants distributed in 26 families, where Fabaceae (14.6%), Lamiaceae (10.4%), and Asteraceae (10.4%) have the maximum representation. The application of leaves (32%) was preferred followed by roots (20%), stem (17.3%), flowers (16%), and bark (8%). In addition, the most common method of use to treat scorpion stings is decoction (32.5%). The oral and topical routes of administration have similar percentages of use. In vitro and in vivo studies of Aristolochia elegans, Bouvardia ternifolia, and Mimosa tenuiflora were found, which showed an antagonistic effect on the contraction of the ileum caused by the venom of C. limpidus, likewise, they increased the LD50 of said venom and even B. ternofila showed reduced albumin extravasation. The results of these studies demonstrate the promising use of medicinal plants for future pharmacological applications; nevertheless, validation, bioactive compound isolation and toxicity studies are necessary to support and improve therapeutics.

Diabetes tipo 1 y Miastenia Gravis / Type-1 Diabetes and Myasthenia Gravis

Introducción: El desarrollo de la tolerancia inmunológica frente a los autoantígenos se denomina autotolerancia. La Diabetes Mellitus tipo 1A (1ADM) es un trastorno metabólico secundario a la destrucción autoinmune de las células beta pancreáticas e insulitis. La miastenia grave (MG) es una enfermedad autoinmune causada por el bloqueo postsináptico de la placa mioneural por AAcs contra los receptores de acetilcolina (ACRA) o contra moléculas de la membrana postsináptica. La asociación entre DM1A y MG se puede observar en el síndrome poliglandular tipo III, caracterizado por enfermedad autoinmune de la glándula tiroides asociada con otras entidades autoinmunes. Método: Reporte de Casos, cuatro pacientes entre 7-19 años, con asociación de MG y DM1A atendidos en el Hospital Garrahan. Conclusión: La Tiroiditis de Hashimoto y la Enfermedad Celíaca son las enfermedades autoinmunes relacionadas más frecuentemente con DM1A en nuestra población. La bibliografía describe la asociación de MG y Tiroiditis de Hashimoto y su coexistencia con DM1A se describe en el Síndrome Poliglandular III. En este trabajo presentamos 4 casos de DM1A asociado con MG fuera de dicho síndrome (AU)

Introduction: The development of immune tolerance to autoantibodies (AAbs) is referred to as self-tolerance. Type 1A Diabetes Mellitus (1ADM) is a metabolic disorder secondary to autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells and insulitis. Myasthenia gravis (MG) is an autoimmune disease caused by postsynaptic blockade of the myoneural plate by AAbs against acetylcholine receptors (Acra) or against postsynaptic membrane molecules. The association between 1ADM and MG may be observed in polyglandular syndrome type III, characterized by autoimmune disease of the thyroid associated with other autoimmune conditions. Methods: Case report; four patients between 7-19 years old, with an association of MG and 1ADM seen at the Garrahan Hospital. Conclusion: Hashimoto's thyroiditis and celiac disease are autoimmune diseases most frequently related to 1ADM in our population. In the literature, the association of MG and Hashimoto's thyroiditis has been described and its coexistence with 1ADM is reported in polyglandular syndrome III. In this study we present 4 cases of 1ADM associated with MG unrelated to this syndrome. (AU)

[Palliative care for people with advanced Parkinson's disease. A systematic review]. / Cuidados paliativos para personas con enfermedad de Parkinson avanzada. Revisión sistemática.

INTRODUCTION: Palliative care refers to treatment aimed at the early and comprehensive identification of pain and other physical, psychosocial and spiritual problems that limit the quality of life of the person, their family and their caregivers. The aim of this article is to identify palliative interventions used for the assessment and control of symptoms in people with advanced Parkinson's disease (PD). MATERIALS AND METHODS: A systematic review of the literature was conducted following the steps proposed by Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). The search was guided by a structured review question and included original studies of patients with advanced PD published in databases such as Medline and Google Scholar between 2010 and 2021. RESULTS: Thirty-one full-text studies were reviewed and 12 were excluded due to not meeting quality criteria. A total of 19 papers were included in this systematic review, which identified 10 clinical tools to assess palliative needs in advanced PD, four pharmacological interventions, and three non-pharmacological interventions focused on reducing motor symptoms, improving quality of life and avoiding the on/off state. One study reported the referral of patients to complementary and device-assisted therapies. CONCLUSION: As part of the palliative approach, a set of tools for identifying symptoms and assessing palliative care needs have been described. Interventions in advanced PD focus on the control of motor and non-motor symptoms so as to reduce the impact of the disease on quality of life.

TITLE: Cuidados paliativos para personas con enfermedad de Parkinson avanzada. Revisión sistemática.Introducción. Los cuidados paliativos hacen referencia al tratamiento dirigido a la identificación precoz e impecable del dolor y otros problemas físicos, psicosociales y espirituales que limitan la calidad de vida de la persona, la familia y sus cuidadores. El objetivo de este artículo es identificar las intervenciones paliativas utilizadas para la valoración y el control de síntomas en personas con enfermedad de Parkinson (EP) avanzada. Materiales y métodos. Se desarrolló una revisión sistémica de la bibliografía aplicando los pasos propuestos por Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). La búsqueda se orientó a partir de una pregunta de revisión estructurada y se incluyeron estudios originales de pacientes con EP avanzada publicados en bases de datos como Medline y Google Scholar entre 2010 a 2021. Resultados. Se revisaron 31 estudios en texto completo y se excluyeron 12 estudios por no alcanzar los criterios de calidad. En total, se incluyeron 19 trabajos en esta revisión sistemática, identificando 10 herramientas clínicas para valorar las necesidades paliativas en EP avanzada, cuatro intervenciones farmacológicas, y tres intervenciones no farmacológicas centradas en disminuir síntomas motores, mejorar la calidad de vida y evitar el estado on/off. Un estudio notificó la derivación del paciente a terapias complementarias y asistidas por dispositivos. Conclusión. Como parte del abordaje paliativo se han descrito un conjunto de herramientas para identificar síntomas y valorar necesidades de atención paliativa. Las intervenciones en la EP avanzada se enfocan en el control de los síntomas motores y no motores para disminuir el impacto de la enfermedad sobre la calidad de vida.

A new species of Trichobius (Diptera: Streblidae) from Mexico and new record of Paratrichobius americanus.

A new species of Trichobius Gervais, 1844 (Diptera: Streblidae) is described from specimens collected in Jalisco, Mexico, from host bat Choeronycteris mexicana Tschudi. We place the new species within the "dugesii" group, because it shares certain characteristics with Trichobius urodermae Wenzel, 1966 T. angulatus Wenzel, 1976 and T. tiptoni Wenzel, 1976. However, it is easy to differentiate from all known species due to the chaetotaxy of the thorax, in which the prescutal and lateral setae are very long, while the discal setae are abruptly smaller and denser. It also possesses the metasternal lobe, which is very broad and translucent. We found a male of Paratrichobius americanus Peterson & Ross, 1972 on the same host individual, which expands the distribution area of P. americanus into Mexico because the unique holotype was collected in Arizona.

Neuropsychiatric phenotypes of anti-NMDAR encephalitis: a prospective study.

BACKGROUND: Patients with anti-N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor encephalitis (ANMDARE) show a wide range of behavioral abnormalities and are often mistaken for primary psychiatric presentations. We aimed to determine the behavioral hallmarks of ANMDARE with the use of systematic neuropsychiatric and cognitive assessments. METHODS: A prospective study was conducted, with 160 patients admitted to the National Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery of Mexico, who fulfilled criteria for possible autoimmune encephalitis and/or red flags along a time window of seven years. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) antibodies against the NR1 subunit of the NMDAR were processed with rat brain immunohistochemistry and cell-based assays with NMDA expressing cells. Systematic cognitive, neuropsychiatric, and functional assessments were conducted before knowing NMDAR antibodies results. A multivariate analysis was used to compare patients with and without definite ANMDARE according to antibodies in CSF. RESULTS: After obtaining the CSF antibodies results in 160 consecutive cases, 100 patients were positive and classified as having definite ANMDARE. The most frequent neuropsychiatric patterns were psychosis (81%), delirium (75%), catatonia (69%), anxiety-depression (65%), and mania (27%). Cognition was significantly impaired. A total of 34% of the patients had a predominantly neuropsychiatric presentation without seizures. After multivariate analysis, the clinical hallmarks of ANMDARE consisted of a catatonia-delirium comorbidity, tonic-clonic seizures, and orolingual dyskinesia. CONCLUSIONS: Our study supports the notion of a neurobehavioral phenotype of ANMDARE characterized by a fluctuating course with psychotic and affective symptoms, catatonic signs, and global cognitive dysfunction, often accompanied by seizures and dyskinesia. The catatonia-delirium comorbidity could be a distinctive neurobehavioral phenotype of ANMDARE.

Fulvifomes wrightii (Hymenochaetales), a new species related to F. robiniae from Argentina and Paraguay.

Morphological revision and phylogenetic analysis based on nITS and nLSU of specimens previously considered to be a species related to Fulvifomes robiniae from South America revealed a new species of Fulvifomes, i.e. Fulvifomes wrightii. It grows on Libidibia paraguariensis, a Fabaceae distributed in the Chaco Region. The new species is characterised by a perennial, ungulate basidioma with a rimose pileal surface, 6-7 pores per mm, a homogenous context, indistinct stratified tubes and abundant crystals in tube trama and hymenia. Illustrations, taxonomic analyses and a key to the Fulvifomes species recorded from the Americas is provided. Citation: Martínez M, Salvador-Montoya CA, de Errasti A, Popoff OF, Rajchenberg M (2023). Fulvifomes wrightii (Hymenochaetales), a new species related to F. robiniae from Argentina and Paraguay. Fungal Systematics and Evolution 12: 47-57. doi: 10.3114/fuse.2023.12.03.