ABSTRACT
A new Schiff base of N-salicylidene-3-amino-1,2,4-triazole (SAT) was synthesized and its photoluminescent, photochromic and thermochromic properties were characterized and demonstrated. The fluorescence lifetime and quantum yield of SAT were measured and the microcrack bone imaging using SAT as a fluorescent label was observed by laser scanning confocal microscope (LSCM). The absorption spectrum of SAT was demonstrated using DFT/TD-DFT calculation.
Subject(s)
Amitrole/chemistry , Diagnostic Imaging/methods , Fractures, Bone/diagnosis , Staining and Labeling/methods , Triazoles/chemistry , Bone and Bones/chemistry , Fluorescence , Fractures, Bone/pathology , Microscopy, Confocal , Schiff Bases/chemistry , Spectrometry, Fluorescence/methodsABSTRACT
Three 5,5'-azotetrazolate based Zn(II) and Ni(II) complexes exhibit novel supramolecular structures and emit multi-photoluminescence under laser excitation and the multi-photoluminescence promises a multi-channel signal photoluminescent material.
Subject(s)
Coordination Complexes/chemistry , Nickel/chemistry , Zidovudine/chemistry , Zinc/chemistry , Coordination Complexes/chemical synthesis , Crystallography, X-Ray , Microscopy, Confocal , Microscopy, Fluorescence , Molecular Conformation , Zidovudine/chemical synthesisABSTRACT
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) isoforms (alpha and gamma) are known to be expressed in pancreatic islets as well as in insulin-producing cell lines. Ligands of PPAR have been shown to enhance glucose-induced insulin secretion in rat pancreatic islets. However, their effect on insulin secretion is still unclear. To understand the molecular mechanism by which PPARgamma exerts its effect on glucose-induced insulin secretion, we examined the endogenous activity of PPAR isoforms, and studied the PPARgamma function and its target gene expression in INS-1 cells. We found that: (1) endogenous PPARg was activated in a ligand-dependent manner in INS-1 cells; (2) overexpression of PPARgamma in the absence of PPARgamma ligands enhanced glucose-induced insulin secretion, which indicates that the increased glucose-induced insulin secretion is a PPARgamma-mediated event; (3) the addition of both PPARgamma and retinoid X receptor (RXR) ligands showed a synergistic effect on the augmentation of reporter activity, suggesting that the hetero-dimerization of PPARgamma and RXR is required for the regulation of the target genes; (4) PPARs upregulated both the glucose transporter 2 (GLUT2) and Cb1-associated protein (CAP) genes in INS-1 cells. Our findings suggest an important mechanistic pathway in which PPARgamma enhances glucose-induced insulin secretion by activating the expression of GLUT2 and CAP genes in a ligand-dependent manner.
