ABSTRACT
Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH), characterized by the extravasation of blood into the subarachnoid space caused by an intracranial aneurysm rupture, may lead to neurocognitive impairments and permanent disability and usually carries poor outcome. Dental or gingiva-derived stem cells have been shown to contribute to immune modulation and neuroregeneration, but the underlying mechanisms are unclear. In the present study, we sought to investigate whether dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) secrete certain factor(s) that can ameliorate the neural damage and other manifestations in a rat aSAH model. Twenty-four hours after the induction of aSAH, microthrombosis, cortical vasoconstriction, and the decrease in microcirculation and tissue oxygen pressure were detected. Intrathecal administration of DPSC-derived conditioned media (DPSC-CM) ameliorated aSAH-induced vasoconstriction, neuroinflammation, and improved the oxygenation in the injured brain. Rotarod test revealed that the aSAH-induced cognitive and motor impairments were significantly improved by this DPSC-CM administration. Cytokine array indicated the major constituent of DPSC-CM was predominantly insulin growth factor-1 (IGF-1). Immunohistochemistry staining of injured brain tissue revealed the robust increase in Iba1-positive cells that were also ameliorated by DPSC-CM administration. Antibody-mediated neutralization of IGF-1 moderately deteriorated the rescuing effect of DPSC-CM on microcirculation, Iba1-positive cells in the injured brain area, and the cognitive/motor impairments. Taken together, the DPSC-derived secretory factors showed prominent therapeutic potential for aSAH. This therapeutic efficacy may include improvement of microcirculation, alleviation of neuroinflammation, and microglial activation; partially through IGF-1-dependent mechanisms.
Subject(s)
Brain Ischemia/drug therapy , Culture Media, Conditioned/pharmacology , Neurocognitive Disorders/drug therapy , Neuroprotective Agents/pharmacology , Psychomotor Disorders/drug therapy , Subarachnoid Hemorrhage/drug therapy , Thrombosis/drug therapy , Animals , Brain Ischemia/genetics , Brain Ischemia/metabolism , Brain Ischemia/physiopathology , Calcium-Binding Proteins/genetics , Calcium-Binding Proteins/metabolism , Culture Media, Conditioned/chemistry , Dental Pulp/cytology , Dental Pulp/metabolism , Disease Models, Animal , Gene Expression , Injections, Spinal , Insulin-Like Growth Factor I/genetics , Insulin-Like Growth Factor I/metabolism , Male , Microcirculation/drug effects , Microfilament Proteins/genetics , Microfilament Proteins/metabolism , Neurocognitive Disorders/genetics , Neurocognitive Disorders/metabolism , Neurocognitive Disorders/physiopathology , Neuroprotective Agents/chemistry , Oxygen Consumption/drug effects , Psychomotor Disorders/genetics , Psychomotor Disorders/metabolism , Psychomotor Disorders/physiopathology , Rats , Rats, Wistar , Rotarod Performance Test , Stem Cells/chemistry , Stem Cells/cytology , Stem Cells/metabolism , Subarachnoid Hemorrhage/genetics , Subarachnoid Hemorrhage/metabolism , Subarachnoid Hemorrhage/physiopathology , Thrombosis/genetics , Thrombosis/metabolism , Thrombosis/physiopathology , Vasoconstriction/drug effectsABSTRACT
In this study, a light-driving bug zapper is presented for well controlling the diseases brought by insects, such as mosquitoes. In order to have the device efficient to trap the insect pests in off-grid areas, pulse width modulated light emitting diodes (PWM-LED) combined with a solar power module are proposed and implemented. With specific PWM electric signals to drive the LED, it is found that no matter what the ability of catching insects or the consumed power efficiency can be enhanced thus. It is demonstrated that 40% of the UV LED consumed power and 25.9% of the total load power consumption can be saved, and the trapped mosquitoes are about 250% increased when the PWM method is applied in the bug zapper experiments.
Subject(s)
Culicidae/physiology , Culicidae/radiation effects , Entomology/instrumentation , Entomology/methods , Animals , Light , Solar EnergyABSTRACT
The study is focused on the asymmetric secondary freeform lens (ASFL) design for creating a low glared light-emitting diode (LED) street light. The lens is mounted on a chip on board (COB) LED as the new LED street light module to perform a non-axial symmetric light intensity distribution. The experimental results show that the street light can work without inclining lamps and reach Chinese National Standards (CNS) and Illuminating Engineering Society of North America (IESNA) standards at the same time.
ABSTRACT
A novel LED fishing/working light is proposed to enhance the lighting efficiency of a fishing boat. The study is focused on the freeform secondary lens design so as to create a lamp that attracts fish and sheds light on the deck for the crew's work. The experimental results show that the proposed multisegmented freeform lens can deliver the proposed aim, giving 3 times as much illuminating power as the traditional high-intensity discharge fishing lamp does with the same input of electrical power.
ABSTRACT
A free-form secondary lens is proposed to optimize an LED light. Based on Snell's law, energy conservation law, and a Monte Carlo ray-tracing algorithm, the surface contour of the free-form lens can be determined according to the requirements of an LED light. Optical experimental results show that an optical efficiency of 95.69% can be achieved by the lens, of which the illumination uniformity 0.317 is higher than the commercial illumination uniformity 0.259. The lens does not need the help of a white ring holder, so the cost of the LED light can become effective.
