Body mass index and hypertension hemodynamic subtypes in Yi farmers and migrants.

OBJECTIVE: To examine the relationship between overweight or obesity and the risk of the various hypertension hemodynamic subtypes in Yi farmers and migrants. METHODS: A cross-sectional study of 2 358 Yi farmers and 1 392 Yi migrants was carried out in the Liangshan Yi autonomous prefecture, Sichuan, China in 2007. RESULTS: The standardized prevalence of overweight in female Yi farmers (6.22%) was higher than in males (3.15%), whereas in Yi migrants 31.56% of males and 18.78% of females were overweight. The standardized prevalence of obesity was 0 and 0.61% in male and female Yi farmers, compared to 3.91% and 5.57% in male and female Yi migrants, respectively. For both genders the standardized prevalence of ISH, IDH, and SDH was higher in Yi migrants than Yi farmers. Overweight and obese Yi men and women had a higher risk for IDH and SDH (P<0.001) than non-overweight/obese individuals. However, an association of overweight or obesity with ISH was observed only in men. CONCLUSION: Yi migrants have substantially higher proportion of overweight and obese individuals, as well as individuals affected by ISH, IDH, and SDH, than do Yi farmers. Overweight and obesity are significant risk factors for the development of hypertension in Yi people.

[Drug resistance and associated factors on HIV in Liangshan prefecture, Sichuan province].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the HIV drug resistance among HIV/AIDS patients who had received highly active antiretroviral treatment (HAATR) in Liangshan prefecture and related factors. METHODS: This investigation was conducted from August to October 2010. Data on epidemiology, treatment, CD4(+) T cell, viral load and drug resistance tests were collected. RESULTS: 233 (73.50%) had a viral load of < 1000 copy/ml, with the median CD4(+) T cell count as 329 cell/µl. 26 samples appeared to be drug resistant, with the rate as 8.20%. Among 84 patients with antiviral therapy failure, the overall drug resistance rate was 30.95% (26/84). While 24 (28.57%) were resistant to non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) drugs. Among nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTI), 7 (8.33%) were resistant. 1 (1.19%) had protease inhibitor (PI) resistance mutations identified. Factors that significantly associated with drug resistance would include: being injecting drug users (AOR = 3.37, 95%CI: 1.06 - 10.66, P = 0.0390), having had chronic diarrhea > 1 month (AOR = 8.38, 95%CI: 1.87 - 37.69, P = 0.0055), having had CD4(+) T cell < 200 (AOR = 3.48, 95%CI: 1.29 - 9.39, P = 0.0139), being residents from Butuo area (AOR = 17.68, 95%CI: 4.97 - 62.86, P < 0.0001). When comparing with other areas, data from Butuo showed that people who carried Yi ethnicity (AOR = 17.35, 95%CI: 2.01 - 149.73, P = 0.0095) and were literate (having had primary or higher levels of education) (AOR = 0.18, 95%CI: 0.08 - 0.42, P < 0.0001), being married or having cohabited relations (AOR = 8.17, 95%CI: 2.35 - 28.39, P = 0.001) were found to be less adherent (AOR = 0.05, 95%CI: 0.02 - 0.13, P < 0.0001) to the treatment. CONCLUSION: Successful antiviral outcomes were seen among those AIDS patients under treatment, in Liangshan prefecture. Resistance rates were significantly different in regions. For IDUs, enforcement on subjects including prevention on drug resistance, adherence to HAART and treatment for drug addiction should be strengthened and programs being integrated.

[A research on prevalence and risk factors of type 2 diabetes mellitus in the farmers and immigrants of Yi people in Liangshan, Sichuan province, China].

OBJECTIVE: To explore the difference on the prevalence and the risk factors of type 2 diabetes(T2DM) between Yi farmer and immigrants in Liangshan, Sichuan province. METHODS: A representative sample of 2878 Yi people (including 1549 farmers and 1329 immigrants) aged from 16 to 76 was selected by the method of multistage and cluster sampling in Liangshan, Sichuan province, China, during 2007 - 2008. The samples were divided into 5 groups by the factor of age (16-, 25-, 35-, 45- and 55-76). The standardized prevalence of T2DM was calculated by the national census data in 2000. Logistic regression analysis was used to study the related risk factors of T2DM. RESULTS: The prevalence of Yi farmer was 4.33% (67/1549) (male: 6.15% (42/683), female: 2.89% (25/866)), and that of Yi migrants was 9.03% (120/1329) (male: 11.31% (88/778), female: 5.81% (32/551)). The standardized prevalence (SP) was calculated by the data of national census 2000. The SP of Yi farmer was 5.97%in male, and that of the female was 2.40%. The SP of Yi migrant was 10.25% in male, and that of the female was 6.29%. For Yi people, sex (male versus female, OR = 1.69, 95%CI: 1.02 - 2.81), age (versus the group aged 16- and 25-, group aged 35 to 54: OR = 5.04, 95%CI: 2.93 - 8.69; group aged above 54: OR = 6.19, 95%CI: 3.23 - 11.86), hypertension (versus normal group, borderline hypertension value: OR = 1.61, 95%CI: 1.08 - 2.38; hypertension group: OR = 2.40, 95%CI: 1.37 - 4.22), smoking (OR = 1.55, 95%CI: 1.01 - 2.37), triglyceride (TG) level (OR = 1.65, 95%CI: 1.10 - 2.46) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) level (OR = 1.64, 95%CI: 1.13 - 2.37) were the positive factors correlated with T2DM, and drinking (the alcohol volume from 22.67 to 52.50 g/d ) was negative factor (OR = 0.53, 95%CI: 0.30 - 0.95) correlated with T2DM. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of T2DM in Yi immigrants was higher than that in Yi farmers;sex, age, blood pressure, smoking, TG, HDL-C, drinking were influencing factors of T2DM.