Citrus fruit intake and incidence of renal cell carcinoma: A meta-analysis of observational studies.

Observational studies on the association between citrus fruit intake and risk of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) have reported inconsistent results. We quantitatively assessed this association by conducting a meta-analysis. PubMed and Embase databases search was conducted including relevant studies published up to January, 2020. We included epidemiological studies that reported relative risks (RRs) or odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the association between citrus fruit intake and RCC risk. A total of eight epidemiological studies consisting of five cohort and three case-control studies were included. The overall analysis showed a significantly reduced risk of RCC for high intake of citrus fruit (OR = 0.84, 95% CI 0.73-0.95). No heterogeneity was detected among the included studies (p = 0.497 for heterogeneity; I2 = 0). There was no significant publication bias by Begg's test (p = 0.266) or Egger's test (P = 0.578). A statistically significant association between citrus fruit intake and RCC was observed in case-control studies (OR = 0.84, 95% CI 0.71-0.98), while no association was observed in cohort studies (OR = 0.84, 95% CI 0.64-1.05). In addition, the dose-response analysis indicated that the RCC risk reduced by 13% (95%CI 1.0%-27%, p = 0.04 for heterogeneity) for each 100 grams per day increment of citrus fruit intake. In summary, our findings suggest an inverse association between citrus fruit intake and RCC incidence.

[Effect of ethanolic extract of Polygonum cuspidatum on acute gouty arthritis in mice through NLRP3/ASC/caspase-1 axis].

The aim of this paper was to study the effect and mechanism of alcohol extract from Polygonum cuspidatum(PCE) on acute gouty arthritis in C57 BL/6 mice through NLRP3/ASC/caspase-1 axis. The model mice which injected with ankle joint injection of sodium urate crystals(MSU) were orally administrated with three different concentration of PCE, with colchicine as positive control. HE staining was used for observing the morphological changes of synovial tissue; concentration of IL-1ß, IL-6 and TNF-α secreted by synovial tissue of the ankle joint were detected by ELISA; mRNA and protein expression of NLRP3, ASC and caspase-1 in synovial tissue were detected by RT-PCR and Western blot respectively. The results showed that the swelling degree of ankle joint in model mice were significantly elevated; expression of IL-1ß, IL-6 and TNF-α were significantly increased; mRNA and protein expression of NLRP3, ASC and caspase-1 also significant increase, compared with normal control group. The swelling degree of ankle joint significantly relief; expression of IL-1ß, IL-6 and TNF-α in joint synovium significantly decrease; mRNA and protein expression of NLRP3, ASC and caspase-1 were significantly decrease in PCE treatment group compared with model group. Our research implied that alcohol extract from P. cuspidatum had positive effect on acute gouty arthritis in mice, and the regulation of NLRP3/ASC/caspase-1 axis may be its mechanism.

No association between fiber intake and prostate cancer risk: a meta-analysis of epidemiological studies.

BACKGROUND: The findings of epidemiologic studies on the association between fiber intake and prostate cancer risk remain conflicting. We aimed to examine this association by conducting a meta-analysis of epidemiological studies. METHODS: Relevant studies were identified by PubMed (1966 to March 2015) and Embase (1974 to March 2015) database search through March 2015. We included epidemiological studies that reported relative risks (RRs) or odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the association between dietary fiber intake and prostate cancer risk. Random effects models were used to calculate the summary risk estimates. RESULTS: For the highest compared with the lowest dietary fiber intake, a significantly decreased risk with prostate cancer was observed in case-control studies (OR = 0.82; 95% CI, 0.68-0.96), but not in cohort studies (RR = 0.94; 95% CI, 0.77-1.11). The combined risk estimate of all studies was 0.89 (95% CI, 0.77, 1.01). A significant heterogeneity was observed across studies (p = 0.005). There was no evidence of significant publication bias based on Begg's funnel plot (p = 0.753) or Egger's test (p = 0.946). CONCLUSIONS: This meta-analysis suggests the absence of evidence for association between dietary fiber intake and prostate cancer risk.

[Retrograde locked intramedullary nail for the treatment of middle or distal fractures of humeral shaft].

OBJECTIVE: To study therapeutic effects of retrograde locked intramedullary nail for the treatment of middle or distal fractures of humeral shaft. METHODS: From October 2002 to February 2005, 21 patients with middle or distal fractures of humeral shaft were treated with AO retrograde locked intramedullary nail. Among the patients, 13 patients were male and 8 patients were female, ranging in age from 23 to 56 years, with an average of 34.5 years. Nineteen patients were fresh fractures, and 2 patients were old fractures. Eleven patients had middle fractures of humeral shaft, and other 10 patients had distal fractures of humeral shaft. Two patients with old fractures were non-union and treated with autoallergic bone grafting; 5 patients combined with radial nerve injury underwent exploration. The therapeutic effects were evaluated according to Constant-Murley shoulder score and Mayo elbow score. RESULTS: All the patients were followed up, ranging from 18 to 24 months, with an average of 20.8 months. The fractures were healed except 1 patient with old fracture and 1 patient with extremely distal acute fracture. The shoulders and elbows had satisfactory recovery except 1 patient with old fracture. The mean Constant-Murley score was (83.6 +/- 13.4) points (50-97), 12 patients got an excellent result, 5 good, 4 fair and no bad; the mean Mayo elbow score was (88.6 +/- 9.8) points (65-95), 13 patients got an excellent result, 5 good, 3 fair and no bad. CONCLUSION: The retrograde locked intramedullary nail offers an ideal treatment method for middle and distal fractures of humeral shaft. Strict operative indication, precise surgical techniques and stable locking are the keys to a successful treatment results.