[Chronic phosphoproteomic in temporal lobe epilepsy mouse models induced by kainic acid].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate functions of proteins and signaling pathways involved in epileptogenesis during the chronic stage of temporal lobe epilepsy in mouse models. METHODS: Kainic acid-induced temporal lobe epilepsy models were conducted, when reaching stage 4 using racine scale, the mice of experimental group were supposed to be successfully established. Pentobarbital sodium was injected to stop epileptic seizure in case of death. Twenty-eight days after the kainic acid injection, when the experimental group generally turned into chronic spontaneous seizures, mice hippocampal tissues were extracted from the control and the experimental groups respectively for phosphoproteomic. Enriched phosphorylated proteins were detected using mass spectrometry, only the proteins whose density was greater than 106 were analyzed by matching the Gene Ontology (GO) database, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) database and STRING database to detect proteins involved in epileptogenesis in protein functions, signaling pathways and protein-protein interaction respectively. After that, literatures were reviewed about the key proteins. RESULTS: (1) Total of 12 697 phosphorylation sites of enriched proteins were detected by mass spectrometry, and there were 159 sites whose phosphorylation levels were significantly different from the control (P<0.001). (2) GO database showed that 35.7% of the 159 sites were about "catalytic activity", 39.5% were about "binding" and 20.8% were about "cell communication", and the 159 proteins also participated in many biological processes, such as "primary metabolic process" "response to stimulus" "developmental process" "localization" and "phosphate-containing compound metabolic process". (3) KEGG database showed that the 159 protein sites mainly involved in 10 signaling pathways: glutamatergic synapse, Ras signaling pathway, African trypanosomiasis, Cocaine addiction, Circadian entrainment, Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), Long-term potentiation, Endocytosis, Gap junction, Nicotine addiction. (4) STRING database showed that the protein-protein interaction network formed by the 159 proteins was focused on Grin1/Dlg3, Arhgef 2/Arhgap33/Tiam1 and Sptnb1/3/4/Add3/Ank2 protein group respectively. (5) Phosphorylation levels of Grin1, Arhgef 2, Arhgap33, Tiam1, Sptbn1/2/4 and Ank2 in experimental group were significantly higher than in the control (P<0.001). CONCLUSION: Phosphoproteomic illustrated integral distribution of phosphorylated proteins at the chronic stage of temporal lobe epilepsy in the mouse model. Literatures showed that most key proteins were closely related to epileptogenesis, suggesting that some proteins or signaling pathways may play a role in epileptogenesis, such as dopamine and Kir3.1.

[Retrospective study of partial superficial parotidectomy and superficial parotidectomy on superficial parotid benign tumor].

Objective:To compare the clinical effect between partial superficial parotidectomy (PSP) and superficial parotidectomy (SP) through a retrospective analysis and to provide evidence for the benign tumor surgical strategy. Method:According to different surgical strategies performed, 168 patients with superficial parotid benign tumor were reviewed and divided into PSP group and SP group. Clinical data was compared between two groups from different aspects, including operation condition, complications, recurrence rate, as well as parotid function. SPSS 22.0 software was used in statistical analysis. Result:PSP group has an average operative incision length of (6.65±1.17)cm, and average operation time of (82.25±11.56)min, while SP group is (10.86±1.65)cm and (121.42±17.32)min. So, compared with the SP group, PSP has obvious advantages in operation conditions (P<0.01). Furthermore, PSP group also presents an advantage over SP group in occurrence of postoperative complications (P<0.05), while there is no significant difference between two groups in palindromia rate (P>0.05). As for the maintenance of parotid gland functions, PSP group could retain most of parotid functions, but no function would be retained in SP group. Statistical analysis confirms the significance (P<0.05). Conclusion: Compared with SP, in PSP there is declined complication incidence but no increased palindromia recurrence. However, PSP has an apparent advantage on decreased surgical incision length, downscaled operation scope, reduced operation time and retained original functions of gland. All these advantages present the reliability and feasibility of PSP in treating superficial parotid benign tumor.