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1.
J Hazard Mater ; 473: 134643, 2024 May 17.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38776815

ABSTRACT

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) have the capability for solar radiation absorption related to climate forcing. Herein, pollution characteristics and absorption spectra of size-resolved PAHs in atmospheric particles in a cold megacity were comprehensively investigated. The mean concentrations of Σ18PAHs in all the 11 particle size ranges were 3.95 ± 4.77 × 104 pg/m3 and 2.17 ± 1.54 × 103 pg/m3 in heating period (HP) and non-heating period (NHP), respectively. Except for most PAHs with 2 and 3 benzene rings in NHP, most other PAHs showed a unimodal distribution pattern with the peak at 0.56-1.0 µm in both periods, which was caused by PAH emission sources. The PAH-related climate forcing was mainly caused by the solar radiation absorptions at ∼325 (∼330) nm and ∼365 nm. In general, the absorption intensities were higher in HP than NHP. The absorption intensity in the particle size range of 0.56-1.0 µm was the highest, and benzo[e]pyrene was the dominant contributor. In colder periods in HP, higher PAH concentrations caused more intensive PAH-related climate forcing. This study provided new insights for pollution characteristics and absorption spectra of size-resolved PAHs in atmospheric particles, which will be useful for better understanding PAH-related climate forcing.

2.
J Environ Manage ; 359: 120979, 2024 May.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38692033

ABSTRACT

If pharmaceutical wastewater is not managed effectively, the presence of residual antibiotics will result in significant environmental contamination. In addition, inadequate utilization of agricultural waste represents a squandering of resources. The objective of this research was to assess the efficacy of iron-doped biochar (Fe-BC) derived from peanut shells in degrading high concentrations of Tetracycline (TC) wastewater through activated peroxymonosulfate. Fe-BC demonstrated significant efficacy, achieving a removal efficiency of 87.5% for TC within 60 min without the need to adjust the initial pH (20 mg/L TC, 2 mM PMS, 0.5 g/L catalyst). The degradation mechanism of TC in this system involved a dual action, namely Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) and electron transfer. The primary active sites were the Fe species, which facilitated the generation of SO4•-, •OH, O2•-, and 1O2. The presence of Fe species and the C=C structure in the Fe-BC catalyst support the electron transfer. Degradation pathways were elucidated through the identification of intermediate products and calculation of the Fukui index. The Toxicity Estimator Software Tool (T.E.S.T.) suggested that the intermediates exhibited lower levels of toxicity. Furthermore, the system exhibited exceptional capabilities in real water and circulation experiments, offering significant economic advantages. This investigation provides an efficient strategy for resource recycling and the treatment of high-concentration antibiotic wastewater.


Subject(s)
Charcoal , Iron , Reactive Oxygen Species , Tetracycline , Wastewater , Tetracycline/chemistry , Charcoal/chemistry , Reactive Oxygen Species/chemistry , Wastewater/chemistry , Iron/chemistry , Water Pollutants, Chemical/chemistry , Peroxides/chemistry , Electron Transport
3.
Virol J ; 21(1): 116, 2024 May 23.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38783310

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: Cystic echinococcosis (CE) represents a profoundly perilous zoonotic disease. The advent of viral macrogenomics has facilitated the exploration of hitherto uncharted viral territories. In the scope of this investigation, our objective is to scrutinize disparities in the intestinal microbiotic ecosystems of canines dwelling in elevated terrains and those afflicted by Echinococcus infection, employing the tool of viral macrogenomics. METHODS: In this study, we collected a comprehensive total of 1,970 fecal samples from plateau dogs infected with Echinococcus, as well as healthy control plateau dogs from the Yushu and Guoluo regions in the highland terrain of China. These samples were subjected to viral macrogenomic analysis to investigate the viral community inhabiting the canine gastrointestinal tract. RESULTS: Our meticulous analysis led to the identification of 136 viral genomic sequences, encompassing eight distinct viral families. CONCLUSION: The outcomes of this study hold the potential to enhance our comprehension of the intricate interplay between hosts, parasites, and viral communities within the highland canine gut ecosystem. Through the examination of phage presence, it may aid in early detection or assessment of infection severity, providing valuable insights into Echinococcus infection and offering prospects for potential treatment strategies.


Subject(s)
Dog Diseases , Echinococcosis , Echinococcus , Feces , Gastrointestinal Microbiome , Animals , Dogs , Echinococcosis/veterinary , Dog Diseases/parasitology , Dog Diseases/microbiology , Dog Diseases/virology , China , Feces/parasitology , Feces/microbiology , Feces/virology , Echinococcus/genetics , Echinococcus/isolation & purification , Genome, Viral , Viruses/classification , Viruses/isolation & purification , Viruses/genetics
4.
Environ Res ; 252(Pt 3): 119067, 2024 May 03.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38704002

ABSTRACT

Environmentally persistent free radicals (EPFRs) can pose exposure risks by inducing the generation of reactive oxygen species. As a new class of pollutants, EPFRs have been frequently detected in atmospheric particulate matters. In this study, the seasonal variations and sources of EPFRs in a severe cold region in Northeastern China were comprehensively investigated, especially for the high pollution events. The geomean concentration of EPFRs in the total suspended particle was 6.58 × 1013 spins/m3 and the mean level in winter was one order of magnitude higher than summer and autumn. The correlation network analysis showed that EPFRs had significantly positive correlation with carbon component, K+ and PAHs, indicating that EPFRs were primarily emitted from combustion and pyrolysis process. The source appointment by the Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) model indicated that the dominant sources in the heating season were coal combustion (48.4%), vehicle emission (23.1%) and biomass burning (19.4%), while the top three sources in the non-heating season were others (41.4%), coal combustion (23.7%) and vehicle emissions (21.2%). It was found that the high EPFRs in cold season can be ascribed to the extensive use of fossil fuel for heating demand; while the high EPFRs occurred in early spring were caused by the large-scale opening combustion of biomass. In summary, this study provided important basic information for better understanding the pollution characteristics of EPFRs, which suggested that the implementation of energy transformation and straw utilization was benefit for the control of EPFRs in severe cold region.

5.
J Hazard Mater ; 473: 134676, 2024 May 22.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38788579

ABSTRACT

Medium-chain fatty acids (MCFAs) production from waste activated sludge (WAS) by chain extension (CE) is a promising technology. However, the effects and mechanisms of CE process on the fate of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) remain unclear. In this study, the results showed that the removal efficiency of ARGs was 81.15 % in CE process, suggesting its efficacy in reducing environmental risks. Further, the observed decrease in mobile genetic elements (MGEs) indicated that CE process restricted the horizontal gene transfer (HGT). Complementing this, the increase in soluble organic matters and extracellular 16 S rDNA confirmed that MCFAs production caused bacterial damage. Decreased intracellular ARGs and increased extracellular ARGs further revealed that MCFAs production impaired ARGs hosts, thereby limiting the vertical gene transfer (VGT) of ARGs. Shift of microbial community combined with co-occurrence network analysis demonstrated that functional bacteria without host potential for ARGs were enriched, but potential ARGs and MGEs hosts decreased, showing the role of functional bacterial phylogeny and selection pressure of MCFAs in reducing ARGs. Finally, partial least squares path model was used to systematic verify the mechanism of ARGs removal in CE process, which was attributed to the inhibition of ARGs transmission (HGT and VGT) and shift of microbial community.

6.
Sci Total Environ ; 933: 172935, 2024 Jul 10.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38703859

ABSTRACT

The deleterious impact of pollution point sources on the surrounding environment and human has long been a focal point of environmental research. When considering the local atmospheric dispersion of semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOCs) around the emission sites, it is essential to account the dynamic process for the gas/particle (G/P) partitioning, which involves the transition from an initial state to a steady state. In this study, we have developed a model that enables the prediction of the dynamic process for G/P partitioning of SVOCs, particularly considering the influence from emission. It is important to note that the dynamic processes of the concentrations of SVOCs in particle phase (CP) and in gas phase (CG) differ significantly. These differences arise due to the influence of two critical factors: particulate proportion of SVOCs in the emissions (ϕ0) and octanol-air partitioning coefficient (KOA). The validity of our model was assessed by comparing its predictions of the extremum value of the G/P partitioning quotient (KP) with the results obtained from the steady-state model. Remarkably, the characteristic time (tC), used to evaluate the timescale required for SVOCs to reach steady state, demonstrated different variations with KOA for CP and CG. Additionally, the values of tC were quite different for CP and CG, which were markedly influenced by ϕ0. For some SVOCs with high KOA values, it took approximately 35 h to reach steady state. Furthermore, it was found that the time to achieve 95 % of steady state (t95 ≈ 3tC) could reach approximately 105 h. This duration is sufficient for chemicals to disperse from their emission site to the surrounding areas. Therefore, it is crucial to consider the dynamic process of G/P partitioning in local atmospheric transport studies. Moreover, the influence of ϕ0 should be incorporated into future investigations examining the dynamic process of G/P partitioning.

7.
J Environ Manage ; 357: 120732, 2024 Apr.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38560954

ABSTRACT

Pharmaceutical compounds (PhCs) pose a growing concern with potential environmental impacts, commonly introduced into the environment via wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). The occurrence, removal, and season variations of 60 different classes of PhCs were investigated in the baffled bioreactor (BBR) wastewater treatment process during summer and winter. The concentrations of 60 PhCs were 3400 ± 1600 ng/L in the influent, 2700 ± 930 ng/L in the effluent, and 2400 ± 120 ng/g dw in sludge. Valsartan (Val, 1800 ng/L) was the main contaminant found in the influent, declining to 520 ng/L in the effluent. The grit chamber and BBR tank were substantially conducive to the removal of VAL. Nonetheless, the BBR process showcased variable removal efficiencies across different PhC classes. Sulfadimidine had the highest removal efficiency of 87 ± 17% in the final effluent (water plus solid phase). Contrasting seasonal patterns were observed among PhC classes within BBR process units. The concentrations of many PhCs were higher in summer than in winter, while some macrolide antibiotics exhibited opposing seasonal fluctuations. A thorough mass balance analysis revealed quinolone and sulfonamide antibiotics were primarily eliminated through degradation and transformation in the BBR process. Conversely, 40.2 g/d of macrolide antibiotics was released to the natural aquatic environment via effluent discharge. Gastric acid and anticoagulants, as well as cardiovascular PhCs, primarily experienced removal through sludge adsorption. This study provides valuable insights into the intricate dynamics of PhCs in wastewater treatment, emphasizing the need for tailored strategies to effectively mitigate their release and potential environmental risks.


Subject(s)
Water Pollutants, Chemical , Water Purification , Wastewater , Sewage/analysis , Waste Disposal, Fluid , Seasons , Water Pollutants, Chemical/analysis , Environmental Monitoring , Anti-Bacterial Agents/analysis , Risk Assessment , Macrolides/analysis , Pharmaceutical Preparations
8.
Cell Commun Signal ; 22(1): 245, 2024 Apr 26.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38671456

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: The alveolar epithelial type II cell (AT2) and its senescence play a pivotal role in alveolar damage and pulmonary fibrosis. Cell circadian rhythm is strongly associated with cell senescence. Differentiated embryonic chondrocyte expressed gene 1 (DEC1) is a very important circadian clock gene. However, the role of DEC1 in AT2 senescence and pulmonary fibrosis was still unclear. RESULTS: In this study, a circadian disruption model of light intervention was used. It was found that circadian disruption exacerbated pulmonary fibrosis in mice. To understand the underlying mechanism, DEC1 levels were investigated. Results showed that DEC1 levels increased in lung tissues of IPF patients and in bleomycin-induced mouse fibrotic lungs. In vitro study revealed that bleomycin and TGF-ß1 increased the expressions of DEC1, collagen-I, and fibronectin in AT2 cells. Inhibition of DEC1 mitigated bleomycin-induced fibrotic changes in vitro and in vivo. After that, cell senescence was observed in bleomycin-treated AT2 cells and mouse models, but these were prevented by DEC1 inhibition. At last, p21 was confirmed having circadian rhythm followed DEC1 in normal conditions. But bleomycin disrupted the circadian rhythm and increased DEC1 which promoted p21 expression, increased p21 mediated AT2 senescence and pulmonary fibrosis. CONCLUSIONS: Taken together, circadian clock protein DEC1 mediated pulmonary fibrosis via p21 and cell senescence in alveolar epithelial type II cells.


Subject(s)
Bleomycin , Cellular Senescence , Circadian Rhythm , Pulmonary Fibrosis , Animals , Humans , Male , Mice , Alveolar Epithelial Cells/metabolism , Alveolar Epithelial Cells/pathology , Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors/metabolism , Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors/genetics , Circadian Rhythm/genetics , Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21/metabolism , Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21/genetics , Homeodomain Proteins/metabolism , Homeodomain Proteins/genetics , Mice, Inbred C57BL , Pulmonary Fibrosis/pathology , Pulmonary Fibrosis/chemically induced , Pulmonary Fibrosis/genetics , Pulmonary Fibrosis/metabolism , Transforming Growth Factor beta1/metabolism , Transforming Growth Factor beta1/genetics , Tumor Suppressor Proteins/genetics , Tumor Suppressor Proteins/metabolism
9.
Cereb Cortex ; 34(4)2024 Apr 01.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38629796

ABSTRACT

Neuroimaging studies have shown that the neural representation of imagery is closely related to the perception modality; however, the undeniable different experiences between perception and imagery indicate that there are obvious neural mechanism differences between them, which cannot be explained by the simple theory that imagery is a form of weak perception. Considering the importance of functional integration of brain regions in neural activities, we conducted correlation analysis of neural activity in brain regions jointly activated by auditory imagery and perception, and then brain functional connectivity (FC) networks were obtained with a consistent structure. However, the connection values between the areas in the superior temporal gyrus and the right precentral cortex were significantly higher in auditory perception than in the imagery modality. In addition, the modality decoding based on FC patterns showed that the FC network of auditory imagery and perception can be significantly distinguishable. Subsequently, voxel-level FC analysis further verified the distribution regions of voxels with significant connectivity differences between the 2 modalities. This study complemented the correlation and difference between auditory imagery and perception in terms of brain information interaction, and it provided a new perspective for investigating the neural mechanisms of different modal information representations.


Subject(s)
Auditory Cortex , Brain Mapping , Brain Mapping/methods , Imagination , Brain/diagnostic imaging , Auditory Perception , Cerebral Cortex , Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods , Auditory Cortex/diagnostic imaging
10.
Sci Total Environ ; 924: 171589, 2024 May 10.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38461988

ABSTRACT

Pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) have attracted wide attention due to their environmental impacts and health risks. PPCPs released through wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are estimated to be 80 %. Nevertheless, the occurrence of PPCPs in the WWTPs equipped with Bacillus spec.-based bioreactors (BBR) treatment system remains unclear. In this study, sludge and waste water samples were collected during separate winter and summer sampling campaigns from a typical BBR treatment system. The results indicate that out of 58 target PPCPs, 27 compounds were detected in the waste water (0.06-1900 ng/L), and 23 were found in the sludge (0.6-7755 ng/g dw). Paraxanthine was the chemical of the highest abundance in the influent due to the high consumption of the parent compounds caffeine and theobromine. The profile for PPCPs in the wastewater and sludge exhibited no seasonal variation. Overall, the removal of target PPCPs in summer is more effective than the winter. In the BBR bio-reactor, it was found that selected PPCPs (at ng/L level) can be completely removed. The efficiency for individual PPCP removal was increased from 1.0 % to 50 % in this unit, after target specific adjustments of the process. The effective removal of selected PPCPs by the BBR treatment system is explained by combined sorption and biodegradation processing. The re-occurrence of PPCPs in the wastewater was monitored. Negative removal efficiency was explained by the cleavage of Phase II metabolites after the biotransformation process, and the lack of equilibrium for PPCPs in the sludge of the second clarifier. A compound specific risk quotient (RQ) was calculated and applied for studying the potential environmental risks. Diphenhydramine is found with the highest environmental risk in wastewater, and 15 other PPCPs show negligible risks in sewage sludge.


Subject(s)
Cosmetics , Water Pollutants, Chemical , Water Purification , Wastewater , Sewage , Waste Disposal, Fluid/methods , Water Pollutants, Chemical/analysis , Cosmetics/analysis , Water Purification/methods , Pharmaceutical Preparations , Environmental Monitoring
11.
Environ Pollut ; 347: 123674, 2024 Apr 15.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38458517

ABSTRACT

Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) has been linked to increased severity and incidence of airway diseases, especially chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma. Airway remodeling is an important event in both COPD and asthma, and airway smooth muscle cells (ASMCs) are key cells which directly involved in airway remodeling. However, it was unclear how PM2.5 affected ASMCs. This study investigates the effects of PM2.5 on airway smooth muscle and its mechanism. We first showed that inhaled particulate matter was distributed in the airway smooth muscle bundle, combined with increased airway smooth muscle bundle and collagen deposition in vivo. Then, we demonstrated that PM2.5 induced up-regulation of collagen-I and alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) expression in rat and human ASMCs in vitro. Next, we found PM2.5 led to rat and human ASMCs senescence and exhibited senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) by autophagy-induced GATA4/TRAF6/NF-κB signaling, which contributed to collagen-I and α-SMA synthesis as well as airway smooth muscle remodeling. Together, our results provided evidence that SASP induced by PM2.5 in airway smooth muscle cells prompted airway remodeling.


Subject(s)
Asthma , Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive , Humans , Rats , Animals , Airway Remodeling , Senescence-Associated Secretory Phenotype , Myocytes, Smooth Muscle , Asthma/metabolism , Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/chemically induced , Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/metabolism , Collagen Type I , Cell Proliferation , Particulate Matter/metabolism , Cells, Cultured
12.
Nanoscale Adv ; 6(5): 1374-1379, 2024 Feb 27.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38419875

ABSTRACT

Copper hydrides are highly active catalysts in hydrogenation reactions and reduction processes. Three Stryker-type copper hydride nanoclusters (NCs), [(TPP)CuH]6, [(TCP)CuH]6 and [(TOP)CuH]6 (TPP = triphenylphosphine, TCP = tricyclohexylphosphine and TOP = tri-n-octylphosphine), were synthesized in this study. Due to variations in the electron-donating properties of the phosphine ligands, the UV-visible absorption spectra of the three NCs exhibited notable distinctions. The influence of the phosphine ligands on the effectiveness of the NCs as hydride sources in hydrogenation processes, as well as on the applicability as homogeneous catalysts for reduction reactions, was systematically studied. Due to the highest electron-donating properties of the TOP ligand, [(TOP)CuH]6 was found to exhibit superior performance in both hydrogenation reactions and catalytic reduction reactions. Moreover, these hydrophobic NCs worked well as heterogeneous catalysts in the reduction of 4-nitrophenol.

13.
J Nat Prod ; 87(2): 371-380, 2024 02 23.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38301035

ABSTRACT

Thiazole scaffold-based small molecules exhibit a range of biological activities and play important roles in drug discovery. Based on bioinformatics analysis, a putative biosynthetic gene cluster (BGC) for thiazole-containing compounds was identified from Streptomyces sp. SCSIO 40020. Heterologous expression of this BGC led to the production of eight new thiazole-containing compounds, grisechelins E, F, and I-N (1, 2, 5-10), and two quinoline derivatives, grisechelins G and H (3 and 4). The structures of 1-10, including their absolute configurations, were elucidated by HRESIMS, NMR spectroscopic data, ECD calculations, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. Grisechelin F (2) is a unique derivative, distinguished by the presence of a salicylic acid moiety. The biosynthetic pathway for 2 was proposed based on bioinformatics analysis and in vivo gene knockout experiments. Grisechelin E (1) displayed moderate antimycobacterial activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Ra (MIC of 8 µg mL-1).


Subject(s)
Streptomyces , Streptomyces/genetics , Streptomyces/chemistry , Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology , Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy , Salicylic Acid , Thiazoles
14.
Nanoscale ; 16(10): 5115-5122, 2024 Mar 07.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38369889

ABSTRACT

Lead sulfide colloidal quantum dots (PbS CQDs) show great potential in next-generation photovoltaics. However, their high specific surface area and complex surface crystallography lead to a high surface trap density, which normally requires more than one type of capping ion or ligand to achieve effective surface passivation. In this study, we performed in situ mixed halogen passivation (MHP) during the direct synthesis of semiconducting PbS CQD inks by using different lead halogens. The different halogens can bind with the surface of the CQD throughout the nucleation/growth process, resulting in optimal surface configuration. As a result, the MHP CQD exhibited superior surface passivation compared to the conventionally iodine-capped CQDs. Finally, we achieved a substantial improvement in efficiency from 10.64% to 12.58% after the MHP treatment. Our work demonstrates the advantages of exploring efficient passivation in the directly synthesized CQD inks.

15.
J Am Chem Soc ; 146(7): 4913-4921, 2024 Feb 21.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38319594

ABSTRACT

Colloidal quantum dots with lower surface ligand density are desired for preparing the active layer for photovoltaic, lighting, and other potential optoelectronic applications. In emerging perovskite quantum dots (PQDs), the diffusion of cations is thought to have a high energy barrier, relative to that of halide anions. Herein, we investigate the fast cross cation exchange approach in colloidal lead triiodide PQDs containing methylammonium (MA+) and formamidinium (FA+) organic cations, which exhibits a significantly lower exchange barrier than inorganic cesium (Cs+)-FA+ and Cs+-MA+ systems. First-principles calculations further suggest that the fast internal cation diffusion arises due to a lowering in structural distortions and the consequent decline in attractive cation-cation and cation-anion interactions in the presence of organic cation vacancies in mixed MA+-FA+ PQDs. Combining both experimental and theoretical evidence, we propose a vacancy-assisted exchange model to understand the impact of structural features and intermolecular interaction in PQDs with fewer surface ligands. Finally, for a realistic outcome, the as-prepared mixed-cation PQDs display better photostability and can be directly applied for one-step coated photovoltaic and photodetector devices, achieving a high photovoltaic efficiency of 15.05% using MA0.5FA0.5PbI3 PQDs and more precisely tunable detective spectral response from visible to near-infrared regions.

16.
Plant Dis ; 2024 Feb 22.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38386296

ABSTRACT

This study identified a new species (Cercospora Polygonatum) that causes gray leaf spot (GLS) disease in cultivated Polygonatum cyrtonema. This fungal species was isolated from the affected region of GLS on P. cyrtonema leaves. Pathogenicity bioassays were conducted based on Koch's postulates. Morphology was examined based on the features of conidiomata, conidiogenous loci, conidia/conidiophores, and conidiogenous cells. The rDNA internal transcribed spacer region, calmodulin, translation elongation factor 1-alpha, and histone genes were subjected to phylogenetic analysis using MrBayes tool via in Phylosuite. Bootstrap support analysis for phylogenetic placement confirmed the new species, which was significantly different from the closely related species C. senecionis-walkeri and C. zeae-maydis. The morphological characteristics also supported this finding, with the conidiogenous of C. polygonatum being considerably shorter than those of C. senecionis-walkeri or C. zeae-maydis. In addition, C. polygonatum was distinguished by its cultural characteristics. As this fungus was isolated from P. cyrtonema, it was named C. polygonatum F.Q. Yin, M. Liu&W. L. Ma, sp. nov. The type specimen (H8-2) was preserved at the China General Microbiological Culture Collection Center. This is the first report of GLS caused by C. polygonatum on P. cyrtonema leaves in China. The current study enriches the knowledge regarding Cercospora sp., contributes to the identification of a species causing GLS in P. cyrtonema, and provides useful information for the effective management of this disease.

17.
Nanoscale ; 16(8): 4014-4024, 2024 Feb 22.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38349080

ABSTRACT

Immobilizing metal nanoparticles on a support is crucial for catalysts' stability and spatial distribution. MXenes are promising substrates for in situ growth engineering of various electrocatalysts owing to their merits. A stronger binding capacity can be achieved between the in situ-fabricated catalysts and MXenes compared to a common physical combination. Thus, synergistically utilizing morphology modulation, composition optimization, and the interfacial interaction between metal catalysts and supports will maximize the electrocatalytic activity. However, most reported in situ-formed catalysts on MXenes result in solid 0D nanoparticles and in situ growth of nanoalloy catalysts on MXenes with a precisely controlled morphology is still lacking. Herein, nanodendritic PdNi alloys are in situ grown on nitrogen-doped V2CTx, serving as efficient electrocatalysts toward the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Thanks to the synergistic effect of the unique nanodendritic structure of PdNi, the merits of N-TBA-V2CTx nanosheets, and the strong metal-support interaction between the PdNi and the N-TBA-V2CTx support, the in situ-formed Pd58Ni42/N-TBA-V2CTx electrocatalyst shows excellent HER performance with an ultralow overpotential of 44.1 mV to achieve 10 mA cm-2 and a lowest Tafel slope of 39.4 mV dec-1, which outperforms Pd58Ni42/TBA-V2CTx, Pd58Ni42, and Pd/C. Remarkably, the Pd58Ni42/N-TBA-V2CTx catalyst can maintain 92.3% of its initial activity even after 50 h of continuous operation.

18.
J Med Chem ; 67(3): 1914-1931, 2024 Feb 08.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38232131

ABSTRACT

Decaprenylphosphoryl-ß-d-ribose oxidase (DprE1) is a promising target for treating tuberculosis (TB). Currently, most novel DprE1 inhibitors are discovered through high-throughput screening, while computer-aided drug design (CADD) strategies are expected to promote the discovery process. In this study, with the aid of structure-based virtual screening and computationally guided design, a series of novel scaffold N-(1-(6-oxo-1,6-dihydropyrimidine)-pyrazole) acetamide derivatives with significant antimycobacterial activities were identified. Among them, compounds LK-60 and LK-75 are capable of effectively suppressing the proliferation of Mtb with MICMtb values of 0.78-1.56 µM, comparable with isoniazid and much superior to the phase II candidate TBA-7371 (MICMtb = 12.5 µM). LK-60 is also the most active DprE1 inhibitor derived from CADD so far. Further studies confirmed their high affinity to DprE1, good safety profiles to gut microbiota and human cells, and synergy effects with either rifampicin or ethambutol, indicating their broad potential for clinical applications.


Subject(s)
Mycobacterium tuberculosis , Humans , Antitubercular Agents/pharmacology , Alcohol Oxidoreductases , Pyrazoles/pharmacology , Acetamides/pharmacology , Bacterial Proteins
19.
Plant Dis ; 2024 Jan 10.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38197883

ABSTRACT

Belamcanda chinensis (L.) Redouté, a member of the Iridaceae family, is globally well-known for its medicinal value as clearing away heat, detoxifying, detumescence and pain (Qin 2000). In 2021, spots were observed on 40% B. chinensis leaves and about 28 disease index in Wanzhou District (30°32'N; 108°22'E) of Chongqing. Initial symptoms appeared as circular yellow white, sunken spots lesions, and then expanded into irregular lesions, the center of the spots was beige, external layer was light brown and surrounded by yellow halo. Symptomatic leaf tissues (5 × 5 mm) were cut from the infected margin, surface sterilized with 75% ethanol for 1 min, washed with 3% sodium hypochlorite for 3 min, rinsed three times with sterile water, placed on potato dextrose agar (PDA) medium incubated at 25°C for 7 days in the dark, forty isolates with similar morphology were obtained. Three isolates (SG9、SG20 and SG33) was selected for subsequent research. Colonies color changed from beige to light brown color after 14 days on PDA medium. Fungal colonies transformed from beige to brown at the edges after 28 days and light brown on top. Ascomata dark brown, ellipsoidal to globose 116.6 to 253.3 × 89.6 to 172.6 µm in diamensions. Asci stipitate, cylindrical with obtuse ends, and 69.1 to 114.7 × 10.2 to 24.1 µm (n = 30) in size, with eight overlapping linearly biseriate ascospores. Ascospores brown, narrowly fusiform, straight or slightly curved with three transversely septate, slightly constricted at septa, and 9.7 to 12.6 × 27.6 to 32.6 µm (n = 30). These characteristics are consistent with Phaeosphaeria sp. reported by Quaedvlieg et al in 2013. DNA was extracted from representative isolates. The internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region, the large subunit rDNA (LSU), the small subunit rDNA (SSU) and the RNA polymerase II second largest subunit (RPB2) genes were amplified for Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) by used ITS1/ITS4, LR5/LROR, NS1/NS4, and RPB2-5f2/RPB2-7cr primers (White et al. 1990; Vilgalys et al. 1990; Qi M W. et al. 2008; De G. J. et al. 1992). The sequences were submitted to NCBI GenBank: SG-G9 (ITS, OR701701; LSU, OR701699; SSU, OR701700; RPB2, OR738464); SG-G20 (ITS, OQ748032; LSU, OQ780728; SSU, OQ780723; RPB2, OQ779979); SG-G33 (ITS, OQ748033; LSU, OQ780729; SSU, OQ780722; RPB2, OQ779980). A phylogenetic analysis revealed a 99% similarity to the Phaeosphaeria caricicola CBS 603.86 (ITS, KF251182; LSU, GQ387590; SSU, GQ387529; RPB2, KF252189) sequences. Mycelial agar plugs (5-mm diameter) from a 7-day-old PDA culture of a fungal isolate were placed onto pinpricked leaves of three two-year-old B. chinensis plants. While the sterile PDA plugs inoculated in pinpricked leaves of B. chinensis as controls. Inoculated plants were placed in a greenhouse at 25°C and remained 95±1% relative humidity. The inoculated leaves of treatment developed symptoms after 20 days, whereas no symptoms occurred on controls, fulfilling Koch's postulates. The experiments were repeated three times. The fungus was re-isolated and was identical to original isolate by morphologically and molecularly. As far as we know, P. caricicola can cause diseases on carex plants and has been found in Switzerland. This is the first report of P. caricicola causing leaf spot on B. chinensis in China. Along with recording the occurrence of this disease, plant disease management strategies need to be established to reduce losses.

20.
Small ; : e2308579, 2023 Dec 04.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38048537

ABSTRACT

Chemical bath deposited (CBD) SnO2 is one of the most prevailing electron transport layers for realizing high-efficiency perovskite solar cells (PSCs) so far. However, the state-of-the-art CBD SnO2 process is time-consuming, contradictory to its prospect in industrialization. Herein, a simplified yet efficient method is developed for the fast deposition of SnO2 electrodes by incorporating a concentrated Sn source stabilized by the ethanol ligand with antimony (Sb) doping. The higher concentration of Sn source promotes the deposition rate, and Sb doping improves the hole-blocking capability of the CBD SnO2 layer so that its target thickness can be reduced to further save the deposition time. As a result, the deposition time can be appreciably reduced from 3-4 h to only 5 min while maintaining 95% of the maximum efficiency, indicating the power of the method toward high-throughput production of efficient PSCs. Additionally, the CBD SnO2 substrates are recyclable after removing the upper layers of complete PSCs, and the refurbished PSCs can maintain ≈98% of their initial efficiency after three recycling-and-fabrication processes.

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