[Analysis of the underlying mechanisms of green tide with a perspective of algae ecophysiology]. / ä»Žè—»ç±»ç”Ÿç†ç”Ÿæ€å­¦è§’åº¦è§£æžç»¿æ½®çˆ†å‘çš„å† åœ¨æœºåˆ¶.

Green tide in the sea is an abnormal ecological phenomenon caused by the explosive proliferation or high aggregation of some green macroalgae under particular environmental conditions. Since 2007, green tides have occurred in the Yellow Sea for 15 consecutive years, resulting in extremely serious damage to coastal ecological environment, social development, and economic construction. Therefore, it is urgent to solve the green tide problem, which is driven by external and internal factors. Global researchers have scientifically recognized the external causes (environmental factors) of the green tide blooms, and have carried out a series of studies on the physiological response of green tide algae to some environmental factors and obtained some achievements. However, the internal causes of green tide blooms, which is the intense ecophysiological adaptability of green tide algae in response to drastic fluctuation of environmental factors, has not yet been sufficiently addressed. From the perspective of algae ecophysiology, we reviewed the response mechanisms of green tide forming species to the fluctuations of various ecological factors, including light intensity, carbon dioxide, temperature, salinity, desiccation, nutrient, heavy metals, and biotic factors. Moreover, we summarized the adaptive regulation mechanisms of green tide algae dealing with fluctuating environmental factors from the aspects of photosynthetic and growth physiology, nutritional physio-logy, and reproductive physiology, which help reveal the internal mechanisms of green tide blooming.

Multiscale dual attention mechanism for fluid segmentation of optical coherence tomography images.

Optical coherence tomography (OCT) technology can obtain a clear retinal structure map, which is greatly beneficial for the diagnosis of retinopathy. Ophthalmologists can use OCT technology to analyze information about the retina's internal structure and changes in retinal thickness. Therefore, segmentation of retinal layers in images and screening for retinal diseases have become important goals in OCT scanning. In this paper, we propose the multiscale dual attention (MSDA)-UNet network, an MSDA mechanism network for OCT lesion area segmentation. The MSDA-UNet network introduces position and multiscale channel attention modules to calculate a global reference for each pixel prediction. The network can extract the lesion area information of OCT images of different scales and perform end-to-end segmentation of the OCT retinopathy area. The network framework was trained and tested on the same OCT dataset and compared with other OCT fluid segmentation methods to assess its effectiveness.

Preliminary investigation of the clinical value of vascular endothelial growth factor and hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha in pericardial fluid in diagnosing malignant and tuberculous pericardial effusion.

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the clinical value of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha (HIF-1alpha) in diagnosing malignant and tuberculous pericardial effusion. METHODS: Eighty patients with exudative pericardial effusion undergoing pericardiocentesis and drainage were divided into 2 groups, namely those with malignancy and those with tuberculosis. The levels of HIF-1alpha, VEGF, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and adenosine deaminase (ADA) in pericardial fluid and serum were measured. Routine and cytological examination of pericardial fluid, clinical characteristics and some blood parameters were compared between the 2 groups. RESULTS: There were 33 patients with tuberculous pericardial effusion and 47 with malignant pericardial effusion. The levels of VEGF and HIF-1alpha in pericardial fluid in the malignancy group were significantly higher than those in the tuberculosis group (p < 0.01), and there was a moderate positive correlation between the levels of VEGF and HIF-1alpha (r = 0.79, p < 0.01). The sensitivity and specificity of combining VEGF and HIF-1alpha were 90.8 and 88.3%, respectively. The 2 groups showed no differences with regard to gender distribution, occurrence of fever, erythrocyte sedimentation rate or the levels of hemoglobin, LDH, ADA, serum HIF-1alpha and VEGF. CONCLUSIONS: Both VEGF and HIF-1alpha in pericardial fluid have determinative value in the differential diagnosis of malignant and tuberculous pericardial effusion.

Comparative study of clinical characteristics between Chinese Han and German Caucasian patients with coronary heart disease.

BACKGROUND: The differences of the clinical characteristics, risk factors, treatment and prognosis in coronary heart disease (CHD) patients from different races, area and countries are rarely reported. METHODS: Collecting, comparing and analyzing the clinical data and blood examination results of 650 Chinese Han and 640 German Caucasian patients with CHD. RESULTS: The ratio of the first hospitalization because of CHD in Chinese patients was higher than that in Germans (95.1 vs. 38.1% P < 0.01). CHD occurred most frequently in elder men of both nations. The German CHD patients combined with hypertension, dyslipidemia and abnormal glucose metabolism were clearly more often than Chinese patients. Other risk factors such as fibrinogen, homocysteine and the proportion of positive family history of premature CHD, obesity, hyperuricemia were higher in German patients than that in Chinese patients. However, the ratio of smoking, acute myocardial infarction and the levels of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein in Chinese patients were obviously higher than that in Germans (P < 0.01, P < 0.05). The use of aspirin in both groups was the same, but the use of statins, beta-blockers and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors/angiotensin-receptor blockers were distinctly lower in Chinese patients compared to Germans (P < 0.01, P < 0.05). The proportion of percutaneous coronary intervention and coronary artery bypass grafting in Chinese patients was lower than that in Germans (P < 0.01). The usage of drug-eluting stents to bare-metal stents was slightly higher in German patients, whereas it was obviously higher in Chinese patients (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: There were significant differences in clinical characteristics, risk factors and treatment of Chinese Han and German Caucasian patients with CHD.