ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To assess the effectiveness of Jiuwei Zhuhuang Powder (JWZH), a Tibetan patent medicine in treating upper respiratory tract infection (URTI) associated cough in children. METHODS: The study was a multicenter, randomized, open-label, controlled trial. A total of 142 children aged 2 to 14 years old, with URTI-associated cough within 48 h of onset, were randomly assigned to two groups at a 1:1 ratio by computer-generated randomization sequence. Children were treated with JWZH (1 to 1.5 g, twice to thrice daily) in the treatment group or conventional treatment (Pediatric Paracetamol, Artificial Cow-bezoar and Chlorphenamine Maleate Granules, 0.25 to 1 g, thrice daily) in the control group for 5 days. The primary endpoints were the time to cough resolution and 4-day cough resolution rate. The secondary endpoints were the daily improvement in symptom scores and cough resolution rate during the study period. RESULTS: A total of 138 children were included in the intention-to-treat analysis, with 71 cases in the treatment group and 67 cases in the control group. Compared with the conventional treatment, the children receiving JWZH had a shorter time to cough resolution [hazard ratio, 2.10; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.29-3.40; P=0.003]. The median time to cough resolution for children receiving JWZH was shorter than that of the conventional treatment (2 days vs. 3 days; P<0.001). The 4-day cough resolution rate in the JWZH group was higher than that of the control group (94.4% vs. 74.6%; risk difference: 19.8%, 95% CI: 8.1%-31.5%; relative risk: 1.265, 95% CI: 1.088-1.470; P=0.001). There were no statistically significant differences in the improvement of other symptoms caused by URTI (P>0.05). Adverse events was reported in 5.6% (4/71) and 4.5% (3/67) in participants of JWZH and PPACCM groups (P>0.05), respectively, which were all mild and resolved without treatment. CONCLUSION: JWZH seemed to be a safe and effective therapy for URTI-associated cough in children. (Trial registration No. ChiCTR2000039421).
Subject(s)
Cough , Respiratory Tract Infections , Child , Cough/drug therapy , Drugs, Chinese Herbal , Humans , Nonprescription Drugs , Powders , Respiratory Tract Infections/drug therapyABSTRACT
An experiment was conducted to investigate soil evaporation (E), crop transpiration (T), evapotranspiration (ET) and the ratio of evaporation to evapotranspiration (E/ET) of drip-irrigated tomato, which was planted in a typical solar greenhouse in the North China, under different water conditions [irrigation amount was determined based on accumulated pan evaporation (Ep) of 20 cm pan evaporation, and two treatments were designed with full irrigation (0.9Ep) and deficit irrigation (0.5Ep)] at different growth stages in 2015 and 2016 at Xinxiang Comprehensive Experimental Station, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences. Effects of deficit irrigation on crop coefficient (Kc) and variation of water stress coefficient (Ks) throughout the growing season were also discussed. E, T and ET of tomato were calculated with a dual crop coefficient approach, and compared with the measured data. Results indicated that E in the full irrigation was 21.5% and 20.4% higher than that in the deficit irrigation in 2015 and 2016, respectively, accounting for 24.0% and 25.0% of ET in the whole growing season. The maximum E/ET was measured in the initial stage of tomato, while the minimum obtained in the middle stage. The Kc the full irrigation was 0.45, 0.89, 1.06 and 0.93 in the initial, development, middle, and late stage of tomato, and 0.45, 0.89, 0.87 and 0.41 the deficit irrigation. The Ks the deficit irrigation was 0.98, 0.93, 0.78 and 0.39 in the initial, development, middle, and late stage, respectively. The dual crop coefficient method could accurately estimate ET of greenhouse tomato under different water conditions in 2015 and 2016 seasons with the mean absolute error (MAE) of 0.36-0.48 mm·d-1, root mean square error (RMSE) of 0.44-0.65 mm·d-1. The method also estimated E and T accurately with MAE of 0.15-0.19 and 0.26-0.56 mm·d-1, and with RMSE of 0.20-0.24 and 0.33-0.72 mm·d-1, respectively.
Subject(s)
Plant Transpiration , Solanum lycopersicum , Agricultural Irrigation , China , Soil , WaterABSTRACT
To evaluate the effectiveness of long-round needle therapy for pain relief in patients with knee osteoarthritis, 192 patients were included in a multicenter, randomized, controlled trial. 97 patients were randomized to the long-round needle therapy group (EG), and 95 patients were randomized to the control group (CG). In EG, the long-round needle therapy was performed once every 7 days for 3 therapy sessions. Ibuprofen sustained-release capsules were administered orally in CG, 1 pill each time, twice daily for 3 weeks. Curative effect was measured after the therapy and was evaluated at a 3-month follow-up interview. In EG, the treatment resulted in a basic cure for 79 patients, was effective for 15 patients, and was ineffective for 1 patient. In CG, the treatment resulted in a basic cure for 30 patients, was effective for 38 patients, and was ineffective for 21 patients. In the follow-up examination in EG, 75 patients were basically cured, and the treatment was effective for 11 patients and ineffective for 9. In CG, 22 were basically cured, 31 found the treatment effective, and 36 found the treatment ineffective. The curative effects in EG after both the treatment and the 3-mouth followup were significantly more superior than that in CG (P < 0.01) which should be adopted more widely.
ABSTRACT
In the heterometallic dinuclear title compound, [CuNa(C(24)H(22)N(2)O(4))Cl(H(2)O)]·C(3)H(7)NO, the Cu(II) ion is coord-inated in a square-planar geometry by two N atoms and two O atoms of the 6,6'-dieth-oxy-2,2'-[1,2-phenyl-enebis(nitrilo-methyl--idyne)]diphenolate ligand. The Na(I) ion is hexa-coordinated by four O atoms of the ligand, defining the equatorial plan, and by one O atom of the water mol-ecule and one Cl atom occuping axial positions. The Cu(II) and Na(I) ions are bridged by two phenolate O atoms.