Electronic cigarette use among adolescents in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region / 预防医学

Objective@#To investigate the status of electronic cigarette use among adolescents in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, and to provide evidence for tobacco control in adolescents. @*Methods@# Based on the 2019 National Youth Tobacco Epidemic Monitoring Program, multistage proportional sampling method was used to select middle school students from Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region. A questionnaire revised by Chinese CDC was used to collect the general information, the cognition and use of electronic cigarettes, and the access to advertising of electronic cigarettes and related products.@*Results@#Totally 9 019 questionnaires were distributed, 8 401 valid ones were recovered, and the response rate was 93.2%. The rates of electronic cigarette use and attempt among students were 4.3% and 13.4%. The rates of electronic cigarette use and attempt in male students were 7.7% and 22.9%, which were higher than that in female students (0.8% and 3.8%, P<0.05) . The rates of electronic cigarette use and attempt varied in different schools ( P<0.05 ), which were higher in vocational high school students ( 11.5% and 26.8% ). Among 246 students who used electronic cigarettes, 30.1% did not thought electronic cigarettes contained nicotine, while 60.2% did not know whether electronic cigarettes contain nicotine. In the past 30 days, 27.0% of the students had seen the advertisements of electronic cigarettes and related products, mainly through TV, store, supermarket, convenience store, grocery store, electronic cigarette experience store or retail store.@*Conclusions@#The rates of electronic cigarette use and attempt among adolescents in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region are 4.3% and 13.4%. Boys and vocational high school students have higher rates. Students generally know electronic cigarette and have more access to it.

Cognitive Impairment and Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Induced by Repeated Short-Term Sevoflurane Exposure in Early Life of Rats.

Sevoflurane is one of the most commonly used volatile anaesthetics for children, but the safety of prolonged or repeated clinical use of sevoflurane in infants or children is controversial. Here, we investigated the effects of sevoflurane on rats in early life and the time scale of those effects. Our behavioral results indicated that repeated short-term exposure of new-born rats to sevoflurane caused learning and memory impairment, while a single exposure of rats to sevoflurane was relatively safe. Further mechanistic investigation revealed that repeated sevoflurane exposure impaired long-term potentiation (LTP), downregulated the expression of certain synaptogenesis-related proteins (GluR1, PSD95) and upregulated proteins related to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in the hippocampus. An ER stress inhibitor, tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA), reversed the changes in the levels of synaptic plasticity proteins. Our results provide new evidence for the clinical concerns regarding repeated sevoflurane anesthesia.

The study of adsorption characteristics of electrospun polymer nanofibers for benzenes in water.

The adsorption properties of benzene, p-dichlorobenzene and nitrobenzene on polymer nanofibers were studied. Compared with polyacrylonitrile nanofiber, polystyrene (PS) nanofiber presented better adsorption performance. Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption models were used for the mathematical description of adsorption equilibria, and Freundlich isotherms fitted better. Kinetic studies showed that the adsorption of PS nanofiber followed pseudo first-order model. Various thermodynamic parameters such as standard free energy (delta G), enthalpy (delta H) and entropy (delta S) were calculated for predicting the adsorption nature of PS nanofiber for three benzenes, which indicated that the adsorption was spontaneous and a physical process. The regeneration efficiency maintains over 80% after five cycles of adsorption/desorption tests. It showed that PS nanofibers are promising candidates for adsorption and removal of aromatic hydrocarbons from water.

Bis{2-[(2-benzoyl-hydrazin-1-yl-idene)meth-yl]-6-meth-oxy-phenolato}iron(III) chloride monohydrate.

In the title mononuclear iron(III) complex, [Fe(C(15)H(13)N(2)O(3))(2)]Cl·H(2)O, the Fe(III) atom has a distorted octa-hedral geometry and is six-coordinated by four O atoms and two N atoms from two ligands. In the crystal structure, the complex cations, Cl(-) anions and water mol-ecules are connected into a chain along [100] through N-H⋯O, O-H⋯Cl and N-H⋯Cl hydrogen bonds. Two adjacent chains are linked by O-H⋯O hydrogen bonds.