Aerobic exercise reverses the NF-κB/NLRP3 inflammasome/5-HT pathway by upregulating irisin to alleviate post-stroke depression.

Background: Post-stroke depression (PSD) is one of the most common and serious sequelae of stroke. The pathogenesis of PSD involves both psychosocial and biological mechanisms, and aerobic exercise is a potential therapeutic target. We conducted an in-depth exploration of the protective mechanisms of aerobic exercise in a PSD mouse model. Methods: In this study, C57BL/6 mice were used as the research objects, and a PSD mouse model was established by combining middle cerebral artery occlusion and chronic unpredictable mild stimulation. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, adeno-associated virus microinjection technology, co-immunoprecipitation, fluorescence in-situ hybridization, and western blotting were performed. A moderate-load treadmill exercise was used for aerobic exercise intervention. The moderate-intensity aerobic exercise training method adopted 0 slopes and treadmill adaptation training for 5 days. We verified the effects of aerobic exercise on the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB)/nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain--like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome/5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) pathway. Results: Aerobic exercise effectively alleviated the neurological damage caused by PSD (P<0.01). The results from the PSD mouse model in vivo were consistent with those of the cell experiments. Moreover, overexpression of irisin improves depression-like behavior in PSD mice. We confirmed that aerobic exercise is involved in PSD through 5-HT, which inhibits NF-κB/NLRP3 inflammasome initiation through irisin and alleviates mitochondrial damage under stress by reducing calcium overload, thereby inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Conclusions: Aerobic exercise reversed the NF-κB/NLRP3 inflammasome/5-HT pathway by upregulating irisin expression to alleviate PSD.

Isoprenylated Flavonoids from Roots of Artocarpus styracfolius.

Seven isoprenylated flavonoids were isolated from Artocarpus styracifolius, including one new triisoprenylated flavone, styracifolin D (1,) and six known ones, artocarpone B (2), kuwanon C (3), 6-C-prenyl luteolin (4), albanin A (5), 2,4,2',4'-tetrahydroxy-3'-(3-methyl-2-butenyl)-chalcone (6), and 3'-[γ-hydroxymethyl-(E)- γ-methylallyl]-2,4,2',4'-tetrahydroxychalcone 11'-0-coumarate (7). The structures of these compounds were determined by analysis of their spectroscopic and mass spectrometric data. Of them, 3 and 5 exhibited inhibitory effects on cathepsin K with IC(50) values of 114.6 and 7.4 µM, respectively.

[Relationship between HPLC fingerprint chromatogram and inhibitory effect on respiratory burst of rat PMN of leaves of crataegus].

OBJECTIVE: To study the relationship between HPLC fingerprint chromatogram and inhibitory effect on respiratory burst of rat PMN of leaves of crataegus L. METHOD: HPLC fingerprint peaks of different species of hawthorn leaves were isolated and used for the effective experiment on the respiratory burst of rat PMN. The mathematic models of the relationship between the area and the effect of fingerprint peaks were established. According to the mathematic models, the HPLC fingerprint were change into bioactive fingerprint (include effective fingerprint and potency fingerprint) with the helps of mathematics, chemometrics, computer program simulation and etc. RESULT: The chromatogram-effect relationship of leaves of crataegus. on respiratory burst of rat PMN was established. According to this relationship, the activities of fourteen samples of leaves of crataegus. were forecasted. It was positive correlation between the expected value and the practical value. And the correlation coefficients was 0.968 (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: An all-around evaluative system, which includes not only chemical identification but also effective evaluation for traditional Chinese medicine was established. It will provide a new idea for study on fingerprint chromatogram of traditional Chinese medicine.

[The comparison between LC-UV and LC-MS in analysis of polyphenolic components from leaves of Crataegus L].

OBJECTIVE: To compare the analytical method of LC-UV and LC-MS determination of major polyphenolic components in leaves of Crataegus L. METHODS: By high-performance liquid chromatography method with VWD and MSD, Lichropsher C18 column (250 x 4.6 mm I.D., 5 microm); mobile phase consisted of solvent A (acetonitrile) and solvent B (0.05% formic acid) ; elution profile was: 0-12 min 11% to 17% A in B (linear gradient), 12-30 min 17% to 18% A in B (linear gradient), 30-45 min 18% to 40% A in B (linear gradient), 45-60 min 40% to 100% A in B (linear gradient); flow rate was 1.00 ml/min, flow into MSD and VWD by diffluence, column temperature 30 degrees C and the injection volume 10 microl. RESULT: The sensitivity of LC-MS was 10 times more than that of LC-UV, so it is preponderance for microanalysis. Additionally, because LC-MS can identify the component by retention time (t(R)) and m/z, it has high selectivity and exclusion for the determined component. However, the method of LC-UV is simple; the cost is lower; the separate effect is better. So it is preponderance to determine the higher content component, which has better separate effect. CONCLUSION: LC-UV and LC-MS exhibited their own predominance for determination of major polyphenolic components in leaves of Crataegus L. So the detector should be selected according to the determined targets.