Low-intensity transcranial ultrasound stimulation modulates neural activities in mice under propofol anaesthesia.

BACKGROUND: Previous studies have reported that transcranial focused ultrasound stimulation can significantly decrease the time to emergence from intraperitoneal ketamine-xylazine anaesthesia in rats. However, how transcranial focused ultrasound stimulation modulates neural activity in anaesthetized rats is unclear. METHODS: In this study, to answer this question, we used low-intensity transcranial ultrasound stimulation (TUS) to stimulate the brain tissue of propofol-anaesthetized mice, recorded local field potentials (LFPs) in the mouse motor cortex and electromyography (EMG) signals from the mouse neck, and analysed the emergence and recovery time, mean absolute power, relative power and entropy of local field potentials. RESULTS: We found that the time to emergence from anaesthesia in the TUS group (20.3 ± 1.7 min) was significantly less than that in the Sham group (32 ± 2.6 min). We also found that compared with the Sham group, 20 min after low-intensity TUS during recovery from anaesthesia, (1) the absolute power of local field potentials in mice was significantly reduced in the [1-4 Hz] and [13-30 Hz] frequency bands and significantly increased in the [55-100 Hz], [100-140 Hz] and [140-200 Hz] frequency bands; (2) the relative power of local field potentials in mice was enhanced at [30-45 Hz], [100-140 Hz] and [140-200 Hz] frequency bands; (3) the entropy of local field potentials ([1-200 Hz]) was increased. CONCLUSION: These results demonstrate that low-intensity TUS can effectively modulate neural activities in both awake and anaesthetized mice and has a positive effect on recovery from propofol anaesthesia in mice.

Comparison of the accuracy of three methods measured the length of the right main stem bronchus by chest computed tomography as a guide to the use of right sided double-lumen tube.

BACKGROUND: The variation of right main stem bronchus leads to the orifice of the right upper lobe bronchus may be obstructed or increase the incidence of malposition intraoperatively when the right sided double-lumen tube is used. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare the accuracy of three methods measured the length of the right main stem bronchus via chest computed tomography as a guide to the use of right sided double-lumen tube. METHODS: In this study, 168 adult patients undergoing left sided thoracic surgery were included. All these patients were allocated to carina-proximal (C-P) group, carina-distal (C-D) group and carina-carina (C-C) group. The position of endobronchial cuff observed via Fiberoptic bronchoscopy after successful initial placement and after turning the patients to the lateral decubitus position, as well as the incidence of malposition of right sided double-lumen tube intraoperative were recorded to assess the accuracy of three methods in predicting the position of right sided double-lumen tube. RESULTS: The distance between the carina to the proximal margin of the right upper lobe orifice, carina to the distal margin of the right upper lobe orifice and carina to the first right interlobar carina of the right upper lobe orifice were 17.2 ± 2.3 mm, 25.4 ± 3.7 mm and 28.5 ± 3.1 mm (P < 0.05). In the C-D group, the number of endobronchial cuffs seen to be herniating out of the carina, the number of bronchoscopies during initial placement and on the lateral position, the number of total malposition intraoperative and the number of reposition manoeuvres intraoperative were significantly less than the C-P group or the C-C group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The length of the right main stem bronchus measured by the carina to distal margin of right upper lobe orifice method was more accurate than the other two methods in guiding the use of right sided double-lumen tube. TRIALS REGISTRATION: Clinical Trials. gov. no. NCT04127903. Registered at https://register. CLINICALTRIALS: gov on 16/10/2019.

Effects of head positions on awake fiberoptic bronchoscope oral intubation: a randomized controlled trial.

BACKGROUND: There are many factors affecting the success rate of awake orotracheal intubation via fiberoptic bronchoscope. We performed this study was to investigate the effects of head positions on awake Fiberoptic bronchoscope oral intubation. METHODS: Seventy-five adult patients, received general anaesthesia were included in this study. After written informed consent, these patients were undergoing awake orotracheal intubation via fiberoptic-bronchoscope and according to the head position, the patients were randomized allocated to neutral position group (NP group), sniffing position group (SP group) or extension position group (EP group). After sedation the patients were intubated by an experienced anesthesiologist. The time to view the vocal cords, the percentage of glottic opening scores (POGO), the time to insert the tracheal tube into trachea and the visual analog scale (VAS) scores for ease experienced of passing the tracheal tube through glottis, the hemodynamic changes and the adverse events after surgery were recorded. RESULTS: The time to view the vocal cords was significantly shorter and the POGO scores was significantly higher in the EP group compared with the other two groups (P < 0.05); The SpO2 in the EP group was higher than NP group at before intubation and higher than SP group and NP group at immediate after intubation (P < 0.05); The time to insert the tracheal tube into trachea, the VAS scores for passing the tracheal tube through glottis, the coughing scores had no significant differences among groups (P > 0.05). There were also no significant differences regard to the incidence of postoperative complications, mean arterial pressure and heart rate among the groups (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The head at extension position had a best view of glottic opening than neutral position or sniffing position during awake Fiberoptic bronchoscope oral intubation, so extension position was recommended as the starting head position for awake Fiberoptic bronchoscope oral intubation. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Clinical Trials.gov. no. NCT02792855. Registered at https://register.clinicaltrials.gov on 23 september 2017.

Effect of miR-140-5p on the regulation of proliferation and apoptosis in NSCLC and its underlying mechanism.

Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the most common type of lung cancer accounting for ~80% of lung cancer cases. According to novel research, numerous microRNAs (miRs) have been suggested to function as important regulators of cancer. In addition, the expression of miR-140-5p is decreased in patients with NSCLC. Therefore, it is important to further elucidate the role of miR-140-5p in NSCLC. Reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) was used in order to investigate the expression of miR-140-5p in NSCLC tissues and matched normal tissues and to determine miR-140-5p levels following transfection with mimics into A549 lung cancer cells. Targetscan software was used to predict the oncogene target of miR-140-5p. This analysis revealed that YES proto-oncogene 1 (YES1) includes a target site for miR-140-5p binding. The results revealed that YES1 is a potential target gene of miR-140-5p, and this was further confirmed by the results of luciferase reporter assays, which demonstrated that miR-140-5p directly targeted the predicted binding site in the 3'-untranslated region of YES1. Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) and flow cytometry assays were performed to determine the levels of cell viability and apoptosis. Western blot assays was performed to investigate the expression levels of YES1 and proteins associated with apoptosis in A549 cells following transfection. The results revealed that miR-140-5p expression was significantly downregulated in NSCLC tissues compared with matched normal tissues. The expression of miR-140-5p was significantly increased following transfection with miR-140-5p mimics. The results of CCK-8 and flow cytometry assays indicated that miR-140-5p inhibited proliferation and induced apoptosis of tumor cells. Western blot analysis and RT-qPCR revealed that YES1 and B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) mRNA and protein expression levels were markedly decreased in A549 cells, while Bcl-2 associated X (Bax) and caspase-3 expression levels increased significantly following transfection with miR-140-5p mimics compared with the negative control group. In conclusion, miR-140-5p may induce apoptosis in A549 cells by targeting YES1 and regulating the expression of apoptosis-associated proteins Bcl-2, Bax and caspase-3.

[Construction of tissue-engineering skin with carrier of active composite dermal matrix].

OBJECTIVE: To construct of tissue engineering skin including active composite dermal matrix. METHODS: The human fibroblasts and bovine collagen with type I were inoculated on the surface of porcine acellular dermal matrix (PADM) for construction of active dermal substitute, then epidermal cells were inoculated on the dermal matrix for gas-liquid interface culture. The tissue-engineering skin was observed by histological examinations. RESULTS: The structure of fibroblasts in collagen was intact, which was used to construct composite dermal matrix with PADM. The epithelial structure of tissue-engineering skin was similar to that of normal skin with good cell differentiation. Some phenomena were showed in epidermis: basic layer, stratum spinosum, granular layer and stratum corneum, desmosomes. CONCLUSION: Fibroblasts-Collagen-PADM can be an optimal dermal matrix for construction of tissue-engineering skin.

Growth activity of epidermal cells from different parts of human body.

BACKGROUND: Most epidermal cells used in skin tissue engineering are obtained from the skins of fetuses or prepuces, which can not be widely used in culturing and transplanting autologous epidermis for patients with extensive burn wounds. To solve the problem, in this study, we cultured epidermal cells from different parts of human body in vitro, and detected their growth activity. METHODS: Normal epidermal cells obtained from the prepuce, scalp, and axilla of male patients, were cultured and passaged. Their growth characteristics including adherent rate and growth activity were compared. Data were analyzed by homogeneity test of variance. RESULTS: In primary culture, the growth of epidermal cells from the prepuce was significantly faster than that of the epidermal cells from the scalp and axilla. In the cells obtained from the prepuce, 80% confluence was achieved on day 12, while on day 16 and day 20 in the cells from the scalp and axilla, respectively. However, no significant difference was detected in their growth and proliferation in the second passage. CONCLUSIONS: Although the growth of epidermal cells obtained from the scalp and axilla is slower than that from the prepuce in primary culture, stable cell line can be established and used in preparation of auto-epidermal grafts for patients with extensive burn wounds. Therefore, the scalp and axillary skin should be considered as important sources of epidermal cells other than the prepuce.

[Effect of ubiquitin-proteasome pathway on inflammatory reaction in intestine and its barrier function in rats with postburn sepsis].

OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of ubiquitin-proteasome pathway inhibition on intestinal nuclear factor-KappaB (NF-KappaB) activity and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) release as well as plasma diamine oxidase (DAO) activity in rats with postburn sepsis. METHODS: Rats were subjected to 30% total body surface area (TBSA) full-thickness scald injury, followed by intraperitoneal injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to mimic postburn sepsis. Sixty Wistar rats were randomly divided into normal control group, sepsis group, sepsis with proteasome inhibitor N-Acetyl leucinyl leucinyl norleucinal (ALLN) treatment group and sepsis with NF-KappaB inhibitor pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC) treatment group. NF-KappaB activity, TNF-alpha protein content, and plasma DAO activity were determined by electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and spectrophotometric method, respectively. RESULTS: The results showed that NF-KappaB activity was markedly activated and reached its peak 1 hour after scalding and injection of LPS in each group (all P<0.01), then reduced gradually. Both ALLN and PDTC could decrease intestinal NF-KappaB activity at 1 hour and 2 hours after injury. TNF-alpha release was reduced by ALLN at 1 hour after injury (P<0.01). Plasma DAO activity was significantly elevated after scalding and injection of LPS (P<0.01). Pretreatment with PDTC or ALLN could not lower the activity of DAO. CONCLUSION: The results suggest that early treatment with inhibitor of ubiquitin-proteasome pathway might decrease the intestinal inflammatory reaction, but exert no effect on intestinal barrier function in rats with postburn sepsis.

[Acellular porcine dermal matrix produced with different methods and an experimental study on its transplantation to skin wound].

OBJECTIVE: To observed the effect of healing quality of composite skin grafting consisting of acellular porcine dermal matrix combined with autologous split-thickness skin graft. METHODS: Porcine skin was treated with dispase II/triton X-100 or hyperosmotic saline/sodium-dodecyl-sulfate (SDS) respectively, and acellular porcine dermal matrix I (APDMI) and APDM II were obtained. Sixty-three Sprague-Dawley rats with full-thickness skin defects on the back were separately covered with APDMT + split-thickness autologous skin, or APDM II + split-thickness autologous skin. The quality of wound healing was observed, the rates of survival and contraction of the grafts were calculated, the tissue samples were harvested for histological examination, and compared with that of autologous split-thickness skin graft. RESULTS: The wound healing quality of composite skin I, and II was good. There was no significant difference in the rate of survival and contraction of the grafts between the two composite skin grafting groups. It was indicated by histological examination intact basal membrane. There was no significant difference in the survival rate between composite skin grafting groups and autologous split-thickness skin at the 6 th week after operation, but the contraction rates of the grafts in the composite skin groups were lower. CONCLUSION: Full-thickness skin defect can be healed by covering with acellular porcine dermal matrix produced by two methods combined with split-thickness autograft, and it can help improve the quality of wound healing.