ABSTRACT
Electronic health records (EHRs) provide timely access to millions of patient data records while limiting errors associated with manual data extraction. To demonstrate these advantages of EHRs to public health practice, we examine the ability of a EHR calculated blood-pressure (BP) measure to replicate seasonal variation as reported by prior studies that used manual data extraction. Our sample included 609 primary-care practices in New York City. BP control among hypertensives was defined as systolic blood pressure of 140 or less and diastolic blood pressure of 90 or less (BP < 140/90 mm Hg). An innovative query-distribution system was used to extract monthly BP control values from the EHRs of adult patients diagnosed with hypertension over a 25-month period. Generalized estimating equations were used to compare the association between seasonal temperature variations and BP control rates at the practice level, while adjusting for known demographic factors (age, gender), comorbid diseases (diabetes) associated with blood pressure, and months since EHR implementation. BP control rates increased gradually from the spring months to peak summer months before declining in the fall months. In addition to seasonal variation, the adjusted model showed that a 1% increase in patients with a diabetic comorbidity is associated with an increase of 3% (OR 1.03; CI 1.028-1.032) on the BP measure. Our findings identified cyclic trends in BP control and highlighted greater association with increased proportion of diabetic patients, therefore confirming the ability of the EHR as a tool for measuring population health outcomes.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Increased electronic prescribing (eRx) rates have the potential to prevent errors, increase patient safety, and curtail fraud. US Federal meaningful use guidelines require at least a 40% electronic prescribing rate. OBJECTIVE: We evaluated eRx rates among primary care providers in New York City in order to determine trends as well as identify any obstacles to increased eRx rates required by meaningful use guidelines. METHODS: The data we analysed included automatic electronic data transmissions from providers enrolled in the Primary Care Information Project (PCIP) from 1 January 2009 to 1 July 2010 and follow-up telephone calls to a subset of these providers to identify potential barriers to increased eRx usage. RESULTS: Over the course of the study, these providers increased the eRx rate from 12.9 to 27.5%, with an average rate of 24.1%. Conversations with providers identified their perceived barriers to increased eRx use as primarily patient preference for paper prescriptions and a belief that many pharmacies do not accept eRx. CONCLUSIONS: The data gathered from our providers indicate that there is an increasing trend in the eRx rate to 27.5% by July 2010, but still short of the 40% meaningful use level. However, obstacles to increased rates remain primarily providers' belief that many patients prefer paper prescriptions and many pharmacies are not yet prepared to accept electronic prescriptions.
