Dermatologic adverse reactions to proton-pump inhibitors: A synthetized review.

BACKGROUND: Proton-pump inhibitors (PPIs) are one of the most prescribed drugs. Their dermatological adverse reactions are multiple and vary in severity. AIMS: This review discusses all reported cutaneous side effects of PPIs in order to help physicians understand them and provide appropriate management. METHODS: A thorough search of PubMed, Embase, and FDAAQ8 drugs websites was conducted. 56 articles including case reports, case series, and review articles of PPI-induced cutaneous adverse reactions were selected. Data were recorded regarding patient age, gender, history, clinical manifestations, diagnostic tests, management, and clinical outcomes. RESULTS: PPI-induced adverse skin reactions are mostly immunological and include both immediate and delayed-type hypersensitivity reactions. These reactions are sometimes life-threatening. All PPIs can induce immediate IgE-mediated reactions. Most of previously published cases of delayed-type hypersensitivity reactions have involved esomeprazole, omeprazole, and lansoprazole. Skin tests are helpful in confirming PPI-induced hypersensitivity reactions and diagnosing potential cross-reactivities. PPIs should also be added to our list of usual suspects when considering possible culprits for a new presentation of drug-induced subacute lupus erythematosus. PPI-related occupational contact dermatitis has also been numerously reported. CONCLUSION: PPIs should be considered in our list of culprits when considering a patient with a cutaneous drug reaction, taking into account that these drugs can cause severe immunological manifestations.

Microneedling in vitiligo: A systematic review.

Microneedling was initially introduced for skin rejuvenation; however, this minimally invasive procedure is now being used for the treatment of multiple dermatological conditions. Recent reports have shown its efficacy in the treatment of vitiligo. This review analyzes the current literature on microneedling techniques, efficacy, and safety for vitiligo treatment. An extensive PubMed was done to identify the literature on microneedling treatment for vitiligo. Case reports, case series, and clinical trials were included in this review. All 14 articles evaluated showed improvement of vitiligo lesions after microneedling treatment. The combination of microneedling and topical tacrolimus, 5-fluorouracil, topical calcipotriol and betamethasone, narrowband ultraviolet B with or without photodynamic therapy, and triamcinolone acetonide solution yielded more efficacy than microneedling monotherapy. Microneedling is a safe and efficient technique in the treatment of vitiligo. Thus, it can be an alternative treatment for vitiligo especially when the latter is resistant to conventional therapies.

Neutrophilic dermatosis: disease mechanism and treatment.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The purpose of this review is to describe the physiopathological and therapeutic aspects of neutrophilic dermatosis, taking into account their most frequent associated conditions. RECENT FINDINGS: In autoinflammatory syndromes featuring neutrophilic dermatosis, the role of interleukin-1 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α cytokines in the immunopathogenesis of neutrophilic dermatosis has supported their classification as autoinflammatory diseases. In malignancy-associated neutrophilic dermatosis, the role of the malignant clone in myeloid neoplasms and the role of the monoclonal gammopathy and/or of the malignant plasmocyte clone in myeloma have been underlined. SUMMARY: Recent insights into neutrophilic dermatosis' pathophysiology have encouraged the use of targeted biological therapies for their treatment. Although systemic glucocorticoids remain the mainstay of treatment for Sweet's syndrome and pyoderma gangrenosum, anti-TNF-α is becoming the preferred treatment when pyoderma gangrenosum is accompanied by inflammatory bowel disease or rheumatoid arthritis. Interleukin-1 receptor inhibitor anakinra is a promising therapeutic alternative for refractory Sweet's syndrome.

A novel mutation in the PORCN gene underlying a case of almost unilateral focal dermal hypoplasia.

BACKGROUND: Focal dermal hypoplasia (also known as Goltz syndrome) is an X-linked dominant syndrome characterized by patchy hypoplastic skin with soft-tissue, skeletal, dental, and ocular defects that are secondary to mutations in the PORCN gene. To our knowledge, only 5 cases of focal dermal hypoplasia with unilateral presentation have been reported, and molecular studies were not performed in any of the cases. OBSERVATIONS: A 17-year-old girl was seen with features of almost unilateral focal dermal hypoplasia. These included left cleft hand, dental dysplasia, left mammary hypoplasia, deviation of the sacral line, raspberrylike papillomas in the perianal region, syndactyly of the second and third digits of the left foot, and linear streaks of dermal hypoplasia and pigmented lesions on her left hemibody. CONCLUSIONS: Mutation analysis of PORCN revealed a novel heterozygous mutation in exon 10, c.854-855insACCTGAC; [p.T285fsX316], resulting in a premature stop signal. Analysis of the X-chromosome inactivation status was performed on blood and skin DNA samples, showing random inactivation in blood and unaffected skin and skewed inactivation in affected skin, highlighting the role of X-chromosome inactivation in X-linked disease expression.

Identification of a novel causative mutation in the ROR2 gene in a Lebanese family with a mild form of recessive Robinow syndrome.

Autosomal recessive Robinow syndrome (OMIM 268310) is a condition caused by mutations in the ROR2 gene, the receptor tyrosine kinase-like orphan receptor 2. The main characteristic features are: a face resembling that of a fetus, cleft lip and palate, mesomelic limb shortening, a micropenis in males, hydronephrosis or urinary tract infections, and skeletal and vertebral anomalies. This study reports two sisters from a consanguineous Lebanese family with an autosomal recessive Robinow syndrome. Both presented with short stature, dysmorphic facial features, and mild bone abnormalities. One of the affected girls had a malformation of her right hand: a mesoaxial polydactyly combined with a syndactyly of the 3rd and 4th fingers, and a short right 3rd metacarpal bone. Molecular analysis of the ROR2 gene revealed the presence of a previously undescribed missense mutation: p.R272C (c.814C>T), in the cysteine-rich domain of the protein. These patients are compared with other cases, and a phenotype-genotype correlation is discussed.