ABSTRACT
Commercial extracts from oro-pharyngeal tissues of goats and kids have been used as the source of pregastric lipase and have been processed to yield partially purified samples of the primary pregastric lipase. The activity of these lipases against tributyrylglycerol has been determined over a range of pH and temperatures. Optimum pH conditions for pregastric lipase ranged from pH 5.6 to 6.5 for goats and from pH 5.5 to 6.2 for kids, respectively; the optimum temperature ranged from 43 to 60 degrees C. Optima for kid lipase extended slightly below pH 5.5 and higher than 60 degrees C; which were the limits of the test conditions. The enzymes were also used as catalysts for the hydrolysis of monoacid triglycerides (C4:0 to C12:0) at 40 degrees C and pH 6.5; activity was maximum against tributyrylglycerol (C4:0). Values for the Michaelis-Menten constant, increased as carbon chain length of the carboxylic moiety on the triglycerides increased, but values were identical for pregastric lipases of both goats and kids. Anhydrous milk fat was hydrolyzed by the commercial extracts of pregastric lipases of goats and kids, and the resulting profiles for free fatty acids were very similar to one another and to the corresponding profile for a commercial sample of Parmesan cheese. There appear to be no significant differences in activity between the enzyme preparations from goats and kids.
Subject(s)
Goats/metabolism , Lipase/metabolism , Lipid Metabolism , Milk/chemistry , Triglycerides/metabolism , Animals , Cattle , Emulsions , Hydrogen-Ion Concentration , Hydrolysis , Kinetics , TemperatureSubject(s)
Ascariasis , Eye Diseases , Optic Nerve , Toxocara , Adult , Female , Fundus Oculi , Humans , Optic Neuritis/etiologySubject(s)
Amblyopia/epidemiology , Adult , Age Factors , Amblyopia/etiology , Cyanides/toxicity , Female , Fixation, Ocular , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Optic Chiasm/injuries , Scotoma/complications , Sex Factors , Vision Tests , Visual Cortex/physiopathology , Visual Fields , West IndiesABSTRACT
The visual fields of ten patients with West Indian amblyopia, but with no other sign of neurological disease, have been carefully charted. The scotomata found varied considerably in size, shape and density between the individuals in the group. They were scattered, and quite large with irregular margins, sometimes with small dense defects in their central areas and usually with very shelving edges; a connexion with the blind spot was often present and/or break-through to the periphery. The causative lesions are likely to be subchiasmal. There is a slight resemblance to the field defects in tobacco amblyopia, but as tobbaco does not seem to be a factor in our cases, cyanide poisoning may be the common factor.(Summary)
