ABSTRACT
The breast is appreciated aesthetically and clinically for its shape, projection, and volume. Surgical techniques have evolved to manipulate the breast skin envelope, soft tissues, and chest wall anatomy, with and without prosthetic devices. The pectoralis major specifically is altered for pocket dissection and implant coverage. Both the aesthetic and reconstructive surgeons are aware of its relationship to the chest wall and the breast soft tissues. Both are able to achieve outstanding outcomes; however, the authors present an alternative appreciation of the pectoralis and its relationship to the breast.
Subject(s)
Breast/anatomy & histology , Mammaplasty/methods , Pectoralis Muscles/anatomy & histology , Thoracic Wall/anatomy & histology , Breast/surgery , Breast Implantation , Dissection , Esthetics , Female , Humans , Pectoralis Muscles/surgery , Thoracic Wall/surgeryABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: This study reports three cases of ulnar neuropathy after trampoline injuries in children. METHODS: A chart review was performed on children who sustained an ulnar nerve injury from a trampoline accident. In all cases, surgical intervention was required. RESULTS: Injuries included upper-extremity fractures in two cases and an upper-extremity laceration in one case. All cases required surgical exploration with internal neurolysis and ulnar nerve transposition. Nerve grafts were used in two cases and an additional nerve transfer was used in one case. All patients had return of intrinsic hand function and sensation after surgery. CONCLUSION: Children should be followed for evolution of ulnar nerve neuropathy after upper-extremity injury with consideration for electrical studies and surgical exploration if there is no improvement after 3 months.
Subject(s)
Accidental Falls , Sports Equipment/adverse effects , Ulnar Nerve/injuries , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Fractures, Bone/etiology , Fractures, Bone/surgery , Humans , Male , Recovery of Function , Soft Tissue Injuries/etiology , Soft Tissue Injuries/surgery , Ulnar Nerve/surgeryABSTRACT
To exploit the fact that IL-2 receptors are expressed by T-cells responding to foreign antigens but not by resting T-cells, humanized anti-Tac (HAT) armed with alpha-emitting radionuclides (212)Bi and (211)At was evaluated in a cynomolgus cardiac allograft model. Control graft survival was 8.2+/- 0.5 days compared with 14.0+/-1.3 days (p<0.01) survival for monkeys treated with (212)Bi labeled HAT and 26.7+/-2.4 days survival (p<0.001 versus controls) with (211)At labeled HAT. Thus, (211)At labeled HAT may have application in organ transplantation and in treatment of IL-2 receptor expressing T-cell leukemia.
