ABSTRACT
This study compared two groups of alcohol-positive and alcohol-negative, seriously injured, crash-involved drivers on demographics, personality characteristics, driving-related attitudes, prior driving history, lifestyle, substance use, and antecedent driver condition. The study sample was drawn from motor vehicle accident admissions to the Sunnybrook Health Science Centre Regional Trauma Unit. One hundred and six interviews were completed between August 1986 and November 1989, with blood alcohol concentration (BAC) data available for 96 drivers. These data suggest no driving-related attitude differences between the two groups. Self-reported driving histories indicated significantly fewer graduates of driving schools and more licence suspensions for the BAC-positive group. The only consistently significant differences were found for the drinking-related variables, with a greater percentage of the BAC-positive group reporting: lower age of first intoxication; a greater self-perceived drinking problem; a greater frequency of intoxication in the month before the accident; and greater self-reported drinking-driving in the month before the accident. Principal-components factor analysis revealed a four-factor solution labelled: Alcohol Use, Deviant/Illicit Drug Use, Aggression, and Neuroticism. Alcohol Use was the only factor found to contribute substantially to the discriminant function, together with the job-related stress item. These data suggest that seriously injured, alcohol-positive and alcohol-negative crashed drivers are similar except that the alcohol-positive drivers show more signs of an alcohol problem.
Subject(s)
Accidents, Traffic/statistics & numerical data , Alcohol Drinking/adverse effects , Alcohol Drinking/psychology , Population Surveillance , Wounds and Injuries/epidemiology , Wounds and Injuries/etiology , Adolescent , Adult , Alcohol Drinking/blood , Attitude to Health , Discriminant Analysis , Factor Analysis, Statistical , Female , Humans , Injury Severity Score , Life Style , Male , Middle Aged , Patient Admission/statistics & numerical data , Personality , Sampling Studies , Substance-Related Disorders/epidemiology , Trauma CentersABSTRACT
This study provides demographic and medical information about patients admitted with head injuries to Sunnybrook Medical Centre, Toronto, Ont., in 1978 and in 1982. Data are presented about patient age and sex, type and cause of accident, length of stay, extracranial complications, severity of head injury, frequency of use of various neurodiagnostic techniques and type of discharge placement. The costs of hospitalization for such patients, both in the Sunnybrook Medical Centre and for Canada as a whole, are estimated.
Subject(s)
Craniocerebral Trauma/epidemiology , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Canada , Child , Costs and Cost Analysis , Craniocerebral Trauma/economics , Female , Hospitalization , Humans , Male , Middle AgedABSTRACT
The Wechsler Memory Scale, Buschke Selective Reminding Test, and Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test were administered to 25 patients with known or suspected cerebral dysfunction. Intercorrelation of subscales revealed generally modest relationships among measures, indicating that there may be considerable variability in an individual's performance across the three tasks. This finding has significant clinical and research implications.
