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1.
J. physiol. biochem ; 72(3): 509-521, sept. 2016. ilus, tab
Article in English | IBECS | ID: ibc-168292

ABSTRACT

The present review focuses on the role of miRNAs in the control of white adipose tissue browning, a process which describes the recruitment of adipocytes showing features of brown adipocytes in white adipose tissue. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of short non-coding RNAs (19-22 nucleotides) involved in gene regulation. Although the main effect of miRNAs is the inhibition of the translational machinery, thereby preventing the production of the protein product, the activation of protein translation has also been described in the literature. In addition to modifying translation, miRNAs binding to its target mRNAs also trigger the recruitment and association of mRNA decay factors, leading to mRNA destabilization, degradation, and thus to the decrease in expression levels. Although a great number of miRNAs have been reported to potentially regulate genes that play important roles in the browning process, only a reduced number of studies have demonstrated experimentally an effect on this process associated to changes in miRNA expressions, so far. These studies have shown, by using either primary adipocyte cultures or experimental models of mice (KO mice, mice overexpressing a specific miRNA) that miR-196a, miR-26 and miR-30 are needed for browning process development. By contrast, miR-155, miR-133, miR-27b and miR-34 act as negative regulators of this process. Further studies are needed to fully describe the miRNA network-involved white adipose tissue browning regulation (AU)


No disponible


Subject(s)
Humans , Animals , Adipocytes, Beige/metabolism , Models, Biological , MicroRNAs/metabolism , Adipose Tissue, White/metabolism , Adipocytes, White , Obesity , Cell Transdifferentiation , Gene Expression Regulation , RNA, Messenger , RNA Stability
3.
J. physiol. biochem ; 65(4): 369-376, dic. 2009.
Article in English | IBECS | ID: ibc-122859

ABSTRACT

No disponible


Recently resveratrol, a compound naturally occurring in various plants, has been proposed as a potential anti-obesity compound. The aim of the present work was to analyse the effects of different doses of resveratrol on body fat and serum parameters in rats. Thirty-two male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups and fed on a hypercaloric diet for 6 weeks. The doses oftrans-resveratrol used were 6, 30 and 60 mg/kg body weight/d in RSV1, RSV2 and RSV3 groups respectively. The stability of resveratrol when added to the diet was evaluated. Blood samples were collected, and white adipose tissue from different anatomical locations, interscapular brown adipose tissue, gastrocnemious muscles and liver were weighed. Commercial kits were used to measure serum cholesterol, glucose, triacylglycerols and non-esterified fatty acids. While the lowest dose did not have a body fat reducing effect, the intermediate dose reduced all the white adipose depots. The highest dose significantly reduced mesenteric and subcutaneous depots but not epididymal and perirenal tissues. Although the reduction in all the anatomical locations analysed was 19% in the RSV3 group, in the RSV2 group it was 24%. No significant differences among the experimental groups were found in brown adipose tissue, gastrocnemious muscle or liver weights. Serum parameters were not affected by resveratrol intake because no differences among the experimental groups were observed. These results suggest that resveratrol is a molecule with potential anti-obesity effect. The most effective of the three experimental doses was 30 mg/kg body weight/d (AU)


Subject(s)
Animals , Rats , Plant Extracts/pharmacokinetics , Obesity/physiopathology , Antioxidants/pharmacokinetics , Anti-Obesity Agents/pharmacokinetics , Disease Models, Animal , Protective Agents/pharmacokinetics
4.
J. physiol. biochem ; 65(1): 25-32, ene.-mar. 2009. tab
Article in English | IBECS | ID: ibc-75564

ABSTRACT

The potential of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) as an anti-obesity molecule forhumans is still a matter for debate. Thus, a great deal of scientific work is focussed onthe research of new effective molecules without deleterious effects on health. The aimof the present work was to analyse the effects of jacaranda seed oil, rich in a conjugatedlinolenic acid (CLNA), jacaric acid (cis-8,trans-10,cis-12), on body fat, serumparameters and liver composition in rats, and to compare these effects with those oftrans-10,cis-12 CLA. Twenty-six male Wistar rats were divided into three groups fedwith high-fat diets, supplemented or not (control group) with 0.5% trans-10,cis-12CLA (CLA group) or 0.5% jacaric acid (CLNA group) for 7 weeks. No statisticaldifferences in food intake or in final body weight were found. Whereas CLA reducedadipose tissue size, CLNA did not. Both CLA and CLNA significantly reduced non-HDL-cholesterol. In spite of a lack of significant changes in glucose and insulin levels,HOMA-IR index was significantly increased, as well as did non-esterified fattyacid levels in CLNA-fed rats. No changes in liver composition were observed. Inconclusion, under our experimental conditions, jacaric acid, unlike CLA, does notshow a body-fat lowering effect. Even though it leads to a healthy lipoprotein profile,it impairs insulin function. Consequently, it cannot be proposed as an anti-obesitymolecule(AU)


El potencial del ácido linoleico conjugado(CLA) como molécula anti-obesidad para sereshumanos sigue siendo una cuestión en debate.Por ello, gran cantidad de trabajos científicosse centra en la investigación de nuevas moléculaseficaces y sin efectos nocivos sobre la salud.El objetivo del presente trabajo fue estudiar, enrata, los efectos del aceite de semillas de jacaranda,rico en un ácido linolénico conjugado(CLNA), el ácido jacárico (cis-8,trans-10,cis-12), sobre la grasa corporal, parámetros séricosy la composición del hígado, y comparar estosefectos con los del trans-10,cis-12 CLA. Se utilizaron26 ratas Wistar macho divididas en tresgrupos que fueron alimentados durante 7semanas con dietas hipergrasas, suplementadaso no (grupo control) al 0,5% con el trans-10,cis-12 CLA (grupo CLA) o al 0,5% con elácido jacárico (grupo CLNA). No se encontrarondiferencias significativas en la ingesta dedieta, ni en el peso corporal final, ni en la composicióndel hígado. El CLA redujo la masaadiposa, pero no lo hizo el CLNA. Ambos disminuyeronsignificativamente el colesterol no-HDL. A pesar de la ausencia de cambios significativosen la glucemia e insulinemia, el índiceHOMA-IR y los niveles séricos de AGLaumentaron significativamente en las ratas alimentadascon CLNA. En conclusión, en nuestrascondiciones experimentales, el ácido jacárico,a diferencia del CLA, no muestra un efectoreductor de la grasa corporal. A pesar de quemejora el perfil de lipoproteínas, altera la funcióninsulínica. Por lo tanto, este CLNA nopuede ser propuesto como una molécula antiobesidad(AU)


Subject(s)
Animals , Rats , Linoleic Acids, Conjugated , Linoleic Acids, Conjugated/analysis , Anti-Obesity Agents , Jacaranda caroba , Jacaranda gualanday , Body Weight , Liver , 28573
5.
Nutr. hosp ; 20(3): 223-228, mayo-jun. 2005. tab, graf
Article in Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-038530

ABSTRACT

El término ácido linoleico conjugado (ALC) designa una serie de isómeros del ácido linoleico, presentes en la carne y productos lácteos de rumiantes, que presentan sus dos dobles enlaces en posición conjugada. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue estudiar los efectos de un isómero del ALC, el trans-10, cis-12, sobre la colesterolemia y el riesgo de litiasis biliar en un modelo animal de hipercolesterolemia inducida por dieta. Para ello se utilizaron dos grupos de hámsters alimentados con una dieta hipercolesterolemiante suplementada al 0,5% con ácido linoleico o con el isómero trans-10, cis-12 del ALC, respectivamente. Se midió diariamente su ingesta de alimento y peso corporal y, tras 6 semanas, se obtuvieron muestras de suero y bilis, y se diseccionaron y pesaron sus hígados y bazos. Se determinó la colesterolemia, el contenido hepático y esplénico de colesterol, y la concentración biliar de colesterol, fosfolípidos y sales biliares; se calculó el índice litogénico biliar y se evaluó la presencia de cálculos biliares. El ALC no modificó la ingesta energética, el peso corporal final, ni el tamaño y contenido de colesterol del bazo, pero sí produjo una disminución significativa del colesterol sérico total (-18%) a expensas de la fracción c-LDL (-66%), y también redujo significativamente el contenido hepático de colesterol libre (-26%), sin cambios en el colesterol esterificado. Además, el ALC produjo un incremento del 32% de la concentración biliar de colesterol, un aumento del 28% del índice litogénico y una mayor incidencia de litiasis biliar. Por tanto, el presente estudio demuestra que el isómero trans-10, cis-12 del ALC es hipocolesterolemiante debido, al menos en parte, a que aumenta la secreción de colesterol a bilis. En contrapartida, este efecto aumenta el riesgo de litiasis biliar (AU)


The term conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) refers to a series of linoleic acid isomers present in meat and diary products from ruminants that have their double bonds in a conjugated position. The aim of the present work was to study the effects of a CLA isomer, trans-10,cis-12, on cholesterolemia and biliary lithiasis risk in an animal model of diet-induced hypercholesterolemia. For that, two groups of hamsters were fed with a hypercholesterolemic diet supplemented with 0.5% linoleic acid or with the trans-10,cis-12 CLA isomer, respectively. Daily food intake and weight were determined and, 6 weeks later, serum and bile samples were obtained, and livers and spleens were dissected and weighted. Cholesterolemia, hepatic and splenic cholesterol content, and biliary cholesterol phosnolipid and bileacid concentrations were determined; Biliary Lithogenic Index was calculated, and presence of gallstones was assessed. CLA did not modify energetic intake or final body weight, spleen size or spleen cholesterol content, but it did significantly reduce total serum cholesterol (-18%) at the expense of c-LDL (-66%), and it also significantly reduced hepatic content of free cholesterol (-26%), without changes in esterified cholesterol. Besides, CLA produced a 32% increase in biliary cholesterol concentration, a 28% increase in Lithogenic Index, and a higher incidence of biliary lithiasis. Therefore, the present study shows that the CLA trans-10,cis-12 isomer is hypercholesterolemic since it increases, at least in part, cholesterol secretion to the bile. As a consequence, this effect increases the risk for biliary lithiasis (AU)


Subject(s)
Cricetinae , Animals , Hypercholesterolemia , Lithiasis , Linoleic Acids, Conjugated/adverse effects , Linoleic Acids, Conjugated/therapeutic use
6.
J. physiol. biochem ; 61(2): 363-370, abr. 2005. tab, graf
Article in En | IBECS | ID: ibc-043443

ABSTRACT

The ability of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) to reduce adiposity may be due to changes in energy expenditure and/or direct effects on adipocyte lipid metabolism. The aim of the present work was to analyse if CLA supplementation modifies lipolytic activity in adipose tissue from hamsters fed on high-fat diet. Hamsters were divided into two groups and fed on diets supplemented with either 0.5% linoleic acid (control) or 0.5% trans-10,cis-12 CLA. After 6 weeks, animals were fasted overnight and adipose tissues were dissected and weighed. Adipocytes were isolated by collagenase digestion and incubated in Krebs-Ringer bicarbonate buffer with or without several agents acting at different levels of the lipolytic cascade. Adipocyte diameters were measured by microscopy. Adipose tissue DNA content was assessed by spectrophotometry. Animals fed on CLA diet showed significantly reduced adipose tissue mass. No differences between both groups was found for basal lipolysis, lipolytic effects of isoproterenol, forskolin, dibutyryl-cAMP and isobutylmethylxanthine, and pD2 for isoproterenol. A similar total DNA amount was found in adipose tissue of both groups, showing that CLA diet had no effect on total cell number per fat pad. Although DNA content per gram tissue, an indirect reverse index of cell size, was significantly increased in CLA fed hamsters, microscopy did not reveal differences in medium mature adipocyte diameter, nor in cell size distribution between both groups. These results suggest that adipose tissue size reduction induced by trans-10,cis-12 CLA intake is not due to changes in lipolysis. Reduced preadipocyte differentiation into mature adipocytes may account for this fat-lowering effect


La capacidad del ácido linoleico conjugado (ALC) para reducir la adiposidad puede deberse a cambios en el gasto energético y/o a efectos directos sobre el metabolismo lipídico de los adipocitos. En el presente trabajo se estudia si la ingestión de ALC modifica la actividad lipolítica del tejido adiposo en hámsters alimentados con una dieta hipergrasa. Los animales se divididieron en dos grupos y alimentaron durante 6 semanas con dietas suplementadas al 0,5% con ácido linoleico (control) o con el isómero trans-10,cis-12 del ALC, respectivamente. Los animales se sacrificaron tras una noche de ayuno y, previa disección se pesaron sus depósitos adiposos. Los adipocitos se aislaron mediante digestión con colagenasa y se incubaron en tampón Krebs-Ringer bicarbonato sin y con varias sustancias que actúan a diferentes niveles de la cascada lipolítica. Se midieron sus diámetros medios mediante microscopía y se determinó el contenido en DNA del tejido adiposo por espectrofotometría. Los animales que ingirieron ALC presentaron una reducción del tamaño de los depósitos adiposos. No se encontraron diferencias significativas entre ambos grupos en la lipolisis basal, en los efectos lipolíticos del isoproterenol, forscolina, dibutiril-cAMP e isobutilmetilxantina, ni en la pD2 del isoproterenol. El contenido total de DNA del tejido adiposo fue similar en ambos grupos, lo que indica que el ALC no afectó al número total de adipocitos por depósito adiposo. Aunque el contenido de DNA por gramo de tejido, un índice inverso del tamaño celular, aumentó significativamente, el análisis microscópico no mostró diferencias en el diámetro medio de los adipocitos maduros ni en su distribución por tamaño celular. Estos resultados sugieren que la reducción del tamaño del tejido adiposo inducida por la ingestión de ALC no se debe a cambios en la lipolisis, sino posiblemente a una menor diferenciación de los preadipocitos a adipocitos maduros


Subject(s)
Male , Animals , Cricetinae , Adipose Tissue , Body Composition , Diet, Atherogenic , Lipolysis/physiology , Linoleic Acids, Conjugated/pharmacology , Adipose Tissue/chemistry , Adipose Tissue/metabolism , Adipocytes/cytology , Cell Size , DNA/analysis , Mesocricetus , Time Factors
7.
An. sist. sanit. Navar ; 25(supl.1): 65-77, ene. 2002. ilus, tab
Article in Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-22772

ABSTRACT

El descubrimiento de una proteína de la membrana mitocondrial interna de adipocitos marrones, la UCP1, supuso un importante avance en el conocimiento del proceso termogénico, así como del funcionamiento del tejido adiposo marrón. Esta proteína es sólo importante en neonatos y animales pequeños, no obstante el posterior hallazgo de proteínas análogas a la UCP1 (UCP2, ampliamente distribuida, y UCP3, presente principalmente en músculo) con un funcionamiento similar y presentes también en tejido humano, creó nuevas perspectivas y objetivos científicos. Estas proteínas desacoplan la cadena respiratoria de la fosforilación oxidativa, disipando así energía en forma de calor sin que se produzca ATP, mediante un mecanismo aún debatido. De los estudios de regulación realizados trasciende que su actividad se ve modificada ante distintos estímulos fisiológicos y nutricionales, observándose una mayor actividad de las mismas en situaciones en las que se requiere un aumento del gasto energético. Los estudios realizados en humanos parecen corroborar los resultados obtenidos en la experimentación con animales, por lo que podría plantearse la actuación sobre la actividad o la cantidad de estas proteínas en humanos como medio para combatir el sobrepeso y la obesidad. Sin embargo, existe aún una evidente necesidad de completar y mejorar la información existente acerca de la importancia de estas proteínas transportadoras de protones en humanos. (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Obesity/metabolism , Uncoupling Agents/pharmacology , Obesity/therapy , Oxidative Phosphorylation Coupling Factors/pharmacology , Adipose Tissue, Brown/physiopathology
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