Propiedad intelectual y derecho de la competencia en el sector farmacéutico durante la pandemia de COVID-19

La pandemia de COVID-19 demostró que las políticas públicas relacionadas con la propiedad intelectual y el derecho de la competencia no fueron adecuadas o suficientemente articuladas para permitir el acceso oportuno de la población a las vacunas de manera equitativa, debido a distorsiones en su fabricación, distribución y venta cuando éstas estuvieron disponibles durante la pandemia. Esta investigación tiene como objetivo analizar, desde una perspectiva jurídica, si los problemas observados se originan en una inadecuada aplicación de la legislación que regula la propiedad intelectual y su relación con otras políticas públicas vinculadas a la competencia, o, eventualmente, en el ejercicio abusivo de tales derechos, y que, como consecuencia, distorsionaría el proceso de competencia en los mercados nacionales y regionales.

The COVID 19 pandemic demonstrated that public policies related to intellectual property and competition law were not adequate or sufficiently articulated to allow timely access to vaccines in an equitable manner, due to distortions in the manufacture, distribution, and sale of COVID-19 vaccines when they were available during the pandemic. This research aims to analyze, from a legal perspective, whether the observed problems originate in an inadequate application of intellectual property legislation and its relationship with other public policies related to competition, or, eventually, in the abusive exercise of such rights, which, as a consequence, would distort the process of competition in national and regional markets.

A pandemia de COVID 19 demostrou que as políticas públicas relacionadas com a propriedade intelectual e o direito de competência não foram adequados ou suficientemente articulados para permitir o acesso oportuno da população às vacinas de maneira equitativa, devido a distorções na fabricação, distribuição e venda de vacinas COVID-19, quando estavam disponíveis durante a pandemia. Esta investigação tem como objetivo analizar, desde uma perspectiva jurídica, se os problemas observados se originam em uma inadequada aplicação da legislação que regula a propriedade intelectual e sua relação com outras políticas públicas vinculadas à competência ou, eventualmente, no exercício abusivo de tais direitos, e que, como consequência, distorceria o processo de competência nos mercados nacionais e regionais.

Resultados obstétricos y perinatales tras la muerte fetal de un solo gemelo en un embarazo monocorial biamniótico: reporte de caso y revisión bibliográfica

ANTECEDENTES: Las gestaciones múltiples sugieren un mayor riesgo de mortalidad perinatal. Dentro de estas estadísticas, la muerte de un solo gemelo ocurre en hasta el 6% de los embarazos múltiples. La incidencia general después de las 20 semanas de gestación (sdg) se estima entre el 2.6% y el 6.2% de todos estos embarazos. Se ha demostrado que es la coriónicidad, más que la cigosidad, la que influye en el resultado de esta complicación, debido a la angioarquitectura placentaria de las circulaciones en los embarazos monocoriónicos. Las tasas de pérdida de hasta el 30-50% se han asociado con embarazos monocoriónicos y monoamnióticos. Si ocurre antes de las 14 sdg, el embrión puede desaparecer; entre las 14 y las 20 sdg, el feto se reduce en tamaño y volumen. Y, si ocurre después de 20 sdg, el feto permanece dentro del útero hasta el final de la gestación. CASO CLÍNICO: femenina de 18 años de edad, quien acudió a revisión obstétrica con reporte ultrasonográfico de un embarazo gemelar monocorial biamniótico de 30.4 sdg, y muerte de uno de los gemelos. Tras demostrar estabilidad hemodinámica del feto sobreviviente, así como estabilidad materna, se decidió internamiento para monitoreo estrecho. Una semana después desarrolló trabajo de parto pretérmino y se decidió la interrupción de la gestación de manera urgente. Se obtuvo un recién nacido masculino con edad gestacional sugestiva de 32 sdg, con dificultad respiratoria y requirió hospitalización para monitoreo estrecho del recién nacido prematuro. Madre egresó a las 48 horas, nunca desarrolló datos de coagulación intravascular diseminada (CID) y el recién nacido se mantuvo en hospitalización aproximadamente 3 semanas y media hasta que se egresó por adecuada adaptación. Nunca se demostró afectación neurológica o de algún otro órgano o sistema. CONCLUSIONES: Los factores más importantes al considerar el riesgo para el gemelo sobreviviente son la edad gestacional a la que ocurre la muerte del otro feto, y la corionicidad. El manejo debe incluir ecografías seriadas y programadas para el crecimiento. Estudios de Doppler arterial/venoso periférico e intracardiaco y una resonancia magnética al menos 3 semanas después de la muerte fetal para buscar cambios en el cerebro del gemelo sobreviviente. A pesar de que existen casos reportados de manejo conservador, es necesario el seguimiento estricto de datos de CID maternos, así como de desprendimiento prematuro de placenta normoinserta. (provisto por Infomedic International)

BACKGROUND: Multiple gestations suggest an increased risk of perinatal mortality. Within these statistics, death of a single twin occurs in up to 6% of multiple pregnancies. The overall incidence after 20 weeks gestation (sdg) is estimated to be between 2.6% and 6.2% of all such pregnancies. Chorionicity, rather than zygosity, has been shown to influence the outcome of this complication, due to the placental angioarchitecture of the circulations in monochorionic pregnancies. Loss rates of up to 30-50% have been associated with monochorionic and monoamniotic pregnancies. If it occurs before 14 sdg, the embryo may disappear; between 14 and 20 sdg, the fetus is reduced in size and volume. And, if it occurs after 20 sdg, the fetus remains inside the uterus until the end of gestation. CLINICAL CASE: 18-year-old female, who attended an obstetric check-up with an ultrasonographic report of a biamniotic monochorionic twin pregnancy of 30.4 sdg, and death of one of the twins. After demonstrating hemodynamic stability of the surviving fetus, as well as maternal stability, it was decided to hospitalize her for close monitoring. One week later she developed preterm labor and it was decided to terminate the pregnancy urgently. A male newborn was obtained with a gestational age suggestive of 32 sdg, with respiratory distress and required hospitalization for close monitoring of the premature newborn. Mother was discharged at 48 hours, never developed disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) and the newborn remained in hospital for approximately 3 and a half weeks until he was discharged due to adequate adaptation. No neurologic or other organ or system involvement was ever demonstrated. CONCLUSIONS: The most important factors when considering the risk to the surviving twin are the gestational age at which the death of the other fetus occurs, and chorionicity. Management should include serial and scheduled ultrasounds for growth. Peripheral arterial/venous and intracardiac Doppler studies and MRI at least 3 weeks after fetal death to look for changes in the brain of the surviving twin. Although there are case reports of conservative management, close monitoring of maternal DIC data, as well as normoinsert placental abruption, is necessary.     (provided by Infomedic International)

Safety and tolerability of inhaled N,N-Dimethyltryptamine (BMND01 candidate): A phase I clinical trial.

Psychedelics are being increasingly examined for their therapeutic potential in mood disorders. While the acute effects of ayahuasca, psilocybin, and lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) last over several hours, inhaled N,N-Dimethyltryptamine (DMT) effects last around 10 min, which might provide a cost- and time-effective alternative to the clinical application of oral psychedelics. We aimed at investigating the safety and tolerability of inhaled DMT (BMND01 candidate). We recruited 27 healthy volunteers to receive a first, lower dose and a second, higher dose (5/20 mg, 7.5/30 mg, 10/40 mg, 12.5/50 mg, or 15/60 mg) of inhaled DMT in an open-label, single-ascending, fixed-order, dose-response study design. We investigated subjective experiences (intensity, valence, and phenomenology), physiological effects (blood pressure, heart rate, respiratory rate, blood oxygen saturation, body temperature), biochemical markers (liver, kidney, and metabolic functions), and adverse events during the acute and post-acute effects of DMT. DMT dose-dependently increased intensity, valence and perceptual ratings. There was a mild, transient, and self-limited increase in blood pressure and heart rate. There were no changes in safety blood biomarkers and no serious adverse events. DMT dose-dependently enhanced subjective experiences and positive valence. Inhaled DMT might be an efficient, non-invasive, safe route of administration, which might simplify the clinical use of this substance. This is the first clinical trial to test the effects of inhaled DMT (BMND01 candidate).

Unveiling the Path to Resilience: Prioritizing Mental Health, Sleep, and Nutrition in the Post-COVID Era.

The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted daily life, impacting relationships, work, and education. This has led to increased stress, anxiety, and depression, along with altered sleep patterns and eating behaviors. Quarantine and isolation have worsened mental health, especially in children and the elderly, due to the loss of activities and physical contact. Sleep disorders and negative dreams perpetuate poor sleep quality, increasing the risk of health issues. Sedentary lifestyles and emotional effects contribute to unhealthy eating patterns and obesity, exacerbated by disrupted routines and limited outdoor activities. Addressing these challenges requires prioritizing mental health, promoting healthy sleep habits, and addressing obesity factors. The pandemic has profoundly affected human well-being, but resilience, mental health, sleep, and nutrition can enhance overall well-being and adaptability in the post-COVID era. This comprehensive opinion aims to raise awareness of the wide-ranging impacts of this pandemic on various aspects of human well-being and to emphasize the importance of implementing strategies that prioritize mental health, improve sleep habits, address eating behaviors, and foster resilience to navigate and thrive in the face of future challenges.

Debilidad muscular en pacientes críticos: efectos de un programa de rehabilitación sistematizado de enfermería / Muscle weakness in critically ill patients: Effects of a systematized rehabilitation nursing program

Objetivo: La debilidad adquirida en la unidad de cuidados intensivos (DAUCI) en pacientes críticos es frecuente, y se asocia a resultados negativos. La rehabilitación es una estrategia para mejorar los resultados. El propósito de este estudio fue evaluar los efectos de un programa de enfermería de rehabilitación al recibir el alta de la unidad de cuidados intensivos. Métodos: Estudio cuasi-experimental, en el que se comparan pacientes que se sometieron a cuidados habituales de rehabilitación de enfermería y pacientes que se sometieron a un programa de enfermería de rehabilitación sistematizado. Muestra no probabilística secuencial de 42 pacientes críticos ventilados, 21 pacientes en el grupo de control y 21 pacientes en el grupo de intervención (de junio 2017 a junio 2019), en 3 unidades de cuidados intensivos de un gran hospital universitario portugués. Se realizó la prueba de Mann-Whitney para comparar los valores de la puntuación total del Medical Research Council Sum Score (MRC-SS) entre los grupos. Resultados: Los pacientes que recibieron el programa de rehabilitación sistematizado, presentaron una disminución de la DAUCI en el momento del alta de la UCI (media de MRC-SS=38 vs. media de MRC-SS=42,7; p=0,043; U=152,5). Se produjo una disminución de la debilidad muscular severa (9,5 vs. 28,6%) y debilidad muscular significativa (42,9 vs. 52,4%) y un aumento de pacientes sin debilidad muscular (47,6 vs. 19%). Conclusiones: El programa de enfermería de rehabilitación sistemática puede mejorar la fuerza muscular, y reducir la incapacidad funcional en el momento del alta de cuidados intensivos.(AU)

Objective: Intensive care unit-acquired muscle weakness (ICUAW) in critically ill patients is frequent and associated with negative outcomes. Early rehabilitation is a strategy to improve outcomes. The aim was to assess the effects of a rehabilitation nursing programme at discharge from intensive care unit. Methods: Quasi-experimental study with the comparison between two groups: one enrolled in a systematized nursing rehabilitation program and the other with usual nursing rehabilitation care. A non-probabilistic sample, sequential, of 42 critically ill ventilated patients, 21 patients in the control group and 21 patients the intervention group (June 2017 to June 2019), in three intensive care units of one large Portuguese teaching hospital. Mann-Whitney test was performed to compare Medical Research Council Sum Score (MRC-SS) values between groups. Results: Patients undergoing the rehabilitation program had a decrease in ICUAW (at ICU discharge mean MRC-SS=38 vs. mean MRC-SS=42.7; p=0.043; U=152.5). There was a decrease in severe muscle weakness (9.5% vs. 28.6%) and significant muscle weakness (42.9% vs. 52.4%) and an increase without muscle weakness (47,6% vs. 19%). Conclusions: The systematic rehabilitation nursing program can improve muscle strength and reduce functional disability at the time of discharge from intensive care.(AU)

Muscle weakness in critically ill patients: Effects of a systematized rehabilitation nursing program.

OBJECTIVE: Intensive care unit-acquired muscle weakness (ICUAW) in critically ill patients is frequent and associated with negative outcomes. Early rehabilitation is a strategy to improve outcomes. The aim was to assess the effects of a rehabilitation nursing programme at discharge from intensive care unit. METHODS: Quasi-experimental study with the comparison between two groups: one enrolled in a systematized nursing rehabilitation program and the other with usual nursing rehabilitation care. A non-probabilistic sample, sequential, of 42 critically ill ventilated patients, 21 patients in the control group and 21 patients the intervention group (June 2017 to June 2019), in three intensive care units of one large Portuguese teaching hospital. Mann-Whitney test was performed to compare Medical Research Council Sum Score (MRC-SS) values between groups. RESULTS: Patients undergoing the rehabilitation program had a decrease in ICUAW (at ICU discharge mean MRC-SS = 38 vs. mean MRC-SS = 42.7, p = 0.043, U = 152,5). There was a decrease in severe muscle weakness (9.5% vs. 28.6%) and significant muscle weakness (42.9% vs. 52.4%) and an increase without muscle weakness (47,6% vs. 19%). CONCLUSIONS: The systematic rehabilitation nursing program can improve muscle strength and reduce functional disability at the time of discharge from intensive care.

Corea como primera manifestación de lupus eritematoso sistémico sin síndrome de anticuerpos antifosfolipídicos: reporte de caso y revisión de la bibliografía / Chorea as the first clinical manifestation of systemic lupus erythematosus without anti-phospholipid syndrome: case report and literature review

Resumen ANTECEDENTES: La corea gravídica es un padecimiento poco común, caracterizado por movimientos espontáneos irregulares, no predecibles, de duración breve, que cambian de localización sin secuencia definida, y que poseen la particularidad de ser involuntarios. En la actualidad, su incidencia se estima en 1 caso por cada 2275 embarazos. CASO CLÍNICO: Paciente de 30 años, 45 kg, talla 1.65 m, IMC 16.5, tensión arterial 110-78 mmHg, frecuencia cardiaca de 136 lpm, frecuencia respiratoria de 19 rpm, saturación de oxígeno 98%. Inició con movimientos coreicos a las 12 semanas de embarazo y titulación de anticuerpos antinucleares 1:320, anticuerpos anti-ADN de 150 UI/mL, C3 en 126 mg/dL y C4 en 31 mg/dL. Se estableció el diagnóstico de lupus eritematoso sistémico con base en los criterios de EULAR/ACR. A las 32 semanas tuvo amenaza de parto pretérmino y progresión, a pesar de la útero-inhibición, preeclampsia con criterios de severidad y manifestaciones neuropsiquiátricas con exacerbación de los movimientos coreicos. La resonancia magnética no reportó hallazgos patológicos y se descartó el síndrome de anticuerpos antifosfolipídicos secundario. Luego de la finalización del embarazo remitieron los movimientos involuntarios característicos de la corea gravídica. CONCLUSIÓN: El control prenatal en el primer trimestre es fundamental para un de-senlace favorable de las pacientes; el inicio temprano de la inmunoterapia es decisivo en los desenlaces perinatales pues disminuye la morbilidad y mortalidad asociadas. La corea es una manifestación clínica incapacitante, de ahí la importancia de identificar su causa e iniciar el tratamiento oportuno.

Abstract BACKGROUND: Chorea gravidarum is a rare condition characterised by irregular, unpredictable, spontaneous movements of short duration, changing location without defined sequence, and with the peculiarity of being involuntary. Currently, its incidence is estimated at 1 case per 2275 pregnancies. CLINICAL CASE: Patient aged 30 years, 45 kg, height 1.65 m, BMI 16.5, blood pressure 110-78 mmHg, heart rate 136 bpm, respiratory rate 19 rpm, oxygen saturation 98%. She started with choreic movements at 12 weeks of pregnancy and titration of antinuclear antibodies 1:320, anti-DNA antibodies 150 IU/mL, C3 at 126 mg/dL and C4 at 31 mg/dL. The diagnosis of systemic lupus erythematosus was established based on EULAR/ACR criteria. At 32 weeks she had threatened preterm labour and progression, despite utero-inhibition, preeclampsia with severity criteria and neuropsychiatric manifestations with exacerbation of choreic movements. MRI reported no pathological findings and secondary antiphospholipid antibody syndrome was ruled out. After termination of pregnancy the involuntary movements characteristic of chorea gravidarum subsided. CONCLUSION: Prenatal monitoring in the first trimester is essential for a favourable patient outcome; early initiation of immunotherapy is crucial for perinatal outcomes as it decreases associated morbidity and mortality. Chorea is a disabling clinical manifestation, hence the importance of identifying its cause and initiating timely treatment.

Ruptura hepática: complicación rara del síndrome de HELLP. Reporte de un caso y revisión bibliográfica / Liver rupture: rare complication of HELLP syndrome. Case report and bibliographic review

Resumen ANTECEDENTES: La ruptura hepática es una complicación excepcional del síndrome de HELLP. La incidencia mundial de enfermedades hipertensivas relacionadas con el embarazo es del 4.5%, con ruptura hepática en aproximadamente 1 de cada 250,000 embarazos. La mortalidad estimada es del 90%. CASO CLÍNICO: Paciente multigesta, de 34 años, que ingresó a la unidad hospitalaria a las 34.2 semanas del embarazo debido a una encefalopatía hipertensiva y dolor súbito en el epigastrio e hipocondrio. En la exploración física se encontró hemodinámicamente estable; los estudios de laboratorio informaron: trombocitopenia, función hepática alterada, enzimas hepáticas elevadas y hemólisis. La ecografía hepática reportó hematoma subcapsular. Se realizó laparotomía de urgencia, con cesárea y hemoperitoneo masivo. Se observó un hematoma hepático subcapsular, con ruptura y hemorragia activa. El tratamiento consistió en taponamiento hepático; sin embargo, persistió el sangrando, por lo que se practicó una laparotomía de segunda instancia, con hemorragia activa. Se hizo el empaquetamiento y a las 48 horas se retiró. La recuperación fue favorable y se dio de alta a los 16 del ingreso, sin complicaciones adicionales. CONCLUSIONES: El caso aquí expuesto sugiere que los estados hipertensivos del embarazo, principalmente la preeclampsia, eclampsia y síndrome de HELLP, son el principal factor de riego de formación de un hematoma hepático, y en casos excepcionales la subsiguiente ruptura, incluso después del parto.

Abstract BACKGROUND: Hepatic rupture is an extremely rare complication in HELLP syndrome. The worldwide incidence of pregnancy-related hypertensive diseases is 4.5%, with liver rupture occurring in approximately 1 in 250,000 pregnancies. Mortality is high when it is present, which can be up to 90%. CLINICAL CASE: A 34-year-old multigravida woman was admitted at 34.2 weeks of gestation to the emergency room due to clinical hypertensive encephalopathy and sudden onset of pain in epigastrium and hypochondrium. At admission hemodynamically stable, blood work only reported thrombocytopenia, hepatic function altered with elevated liver enzymes and hemolysis. The hepatic ultrasound reported hematoma subcapsular. An emergency laparotomy with c- section was performed with a massive hemoperitoneum was observed. A subcapsular hepatic hematoma with rupture and active hemorrhage managed with hepatic packing. However, the patient continued to bleed, a second-look laparotomy was performed with active hemorrhage, which led to packing and 48 hours the removal of the packing. Her recovery was favorable and was discharged 16 days after her admission, with no subsequent complications. CONCLUSIONS: The presentation of the case and bibliographic review suggests that hypertensive states of pregnancy, mainly preeclampsia, eclampsia and HELLP syndrome, are the main risk factor for the formation of a hepatic hematoma, and in exceptional cases the consequent rupture, even after delivery. Birth.

Modeling Trajectories Obtained from External Sensors for Location Prediction via NLP Approaches.

Representation learning seeks to extract useful and low-dimensional attributes from complex and high-dimensional data. Natural language processing (NLP) was used to investigate the representation learning models to extract words' feature vectors using their sequential order in the text via word embeddings and language models that maintain their semantic meaning. Inspired by NLP, in this paper, we tackle the representation learning problem for trajectories, using NLP methods to encode external sensors positioned in the road network and generate the features' space to predict the next vehicle movement. We evaluate the vector representations of on-road sensors and trajectories using extrinsic and intrinsic strategies. Our results have shown the potential of natural language models to describe the space of features on trajectory applications as the next location prediction.

Assessment of neuromuscular electrical stimulation in critically ill patients: physical therapists' knowledge and barriers to its use / Avaliação do uso da estimulação elétrica neuromuscular em pacientes críticos: conhecimento dos fisioterapeutas e barreiras à implementação / Evaluación del uso de la electroestimulación neuromuscular en pacientes críticos: conocimiento de los fisioterapeutas y barreras para su implementación

ABSTRACT Transcutaneous neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) is considered an important tool to prevent muscle mass and strength loss in patients admitted to intensive care units (ICU). This study aimed to evaluate physical therapists' profile and knowledge of NMES and identify the main barriers to its use in ICUs. This observational cross-sectional study was conducted via a structured questionnaire created by the authors. It consisted of 12 objective questions to analyze physical therapists' knowledge of NMES use in critically ill patients. Physical therapists were invited to participate in this study during an international symposium on NMES. In total, 56 physical therapists, with a mean age of 33.5±7.2 years and working an average of 9.7±7 years after graduation, completed the survey. Overall, 34 respondents worked in ICUs, of which only four (12%) reported regular NMES use in their ICUs. We found a low average of correct answers to our questionnaire (25%; 3/12). The main barriers reported to using NMES in ICUs were lack of knowledge (28; 50%) and equipment (24; 43%). The number of correct answers expert and non-expert physical therapists was not statistically significant (p=0.68). Thus, we observed participants' poor knowledge of NMES use in critically ill patients. Respondents showed that NMES has been underused in their ICUs. Lack of knowledge and equipment seems to be the main barriers for the use of NMES in ICUs.

RESUMO A estimulação elétrica neuromuscular transcutânea (EENM) é considerada uma importante ferramenta para prevenir a perda de força e massa muscular em pacientes internados em unidades de terapia intensiva (UTIs). Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o perfil e conhecimento dos fisioterapeutas sobre a EENM e identificar as principais barreiras para sua utilização na UTI. Foi realizado um estudo observacional transversal, por meio de um questionário estruturado elaborado pelos autores. O questionário foi composto por 12 questões objetivas que visavam analisar o nível de conhecimento dos fisioterapeutas sobre o uso da EENM em pacientes críticos. Os fisioterapeutas foram convidados a participar do estudo durante um simpósio internacional sobre EENM. Cinquenta e seis fisioterapeutas completaram a pesquisa, a média de idade foi de 33,5±7,2 anos e o tempo médio de graduação de 9,7±7 anos. Trinta e quatro entrevistados trabalhavam na UTI, e destes apenas 4 (12%) relataram que a EENM era realizada rotineiramente em suas UTIs. Observou-se baixo nível de conhecimento sobre o uso da EENM em pacientes críticos no questionário, com média de 25% de acertos (3/12). Ao comparar os fisioterapeutas especialistas e não especialistas, o número de acertos não foi estatisticamente significativo (p=0,68). As principais barreiras relatadas para a utilização da técnica foram a falta de conhecimento 28 (50%) e a falta de equipamentos 24 (43%). Os entrevistados demonstraram que a EENM tem sido subutilizada em suas UTIs.

RESUMEN La electroestimulación neuromuscular transcutánea (TENS) es una herramienta importante para prevenir la pérdida de fuerza y masa muscular en pacientes ingresados en unidades de cuidados intensivos (UCI). Este estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar el perfil y el conocimiento de los fisioterapeutas sobre la TENS, así como identificar las principales barreras para su uso en la UCI. Se llevó a cabo un estudio observacional transversal mediante un cuestionario estructurado desarrollado por los autores. El cuestionario constaba de 12 preguntas objetivas cuyo objetivo era analizar el nivel de conocimiento de los fisioterapeutas sobre el uso de la TENS en pacientes críticos. Se invitó a los fisioterapeutas a participar en el estudio durante un simposio internacional sobre TENS. Cincuenta y seis fisioterapeutas completaron la encuesta, la edad media fue de 33,5±7,2 años, y el tiempo medio desde la graduación fue de 9,7±7 años. Treinta y cuatro encuestados trabajaban en la UCI, y de estos solo 4 (12%) informaron que la TENS se realizaba de forma rutinaria en las UCI donde trabajaban. Los resultados del cuestionario mostraron un bajo nivel de conocimiento sobre el uso de la TENS en pacientes críticos, con un promedio de 25% de respuestas correctas (3/12). En la comparación entre los fisioterapeutas especialistas y los no especialistas, el número de respuestas correctas no fue estadísticamente significativo (p=0,68). Las principales barreras reportadas para el uso de esta técnica fueron la falta de conocimiento 28 (50%) y la falta de equipamiento 24 (43%). Los encuestados demostraron que esta técnica es infrautilizada en las UCI.

BioSCIENCE: A NEW PROPOSAL FOR OPEN SCIENCE / BioSCIENCE: UNA NUEVA PROPUESTA DE CIENCIA ABIERTA / BioSCIENCE: NOVA PROPOSTA PARA A CIÊNCIA ABERTA

Academic publishing has undergone many changes with the digital age, making room for new ideas, no longer watertight and associated with the traditional aspects, used for decades, but interactive, modern and with freely accessible possibilities. The objective of this project was to present a new publishing model including, in addition to the traditional aspects, several sections that allow the inclusion of multimedia, infographics, videos, videocasts, postcasts, sounds, images, data publication (data papers), continuing education and university interactivity. A digital review was carried out on the most traditional journals in the medical field, placing the status quo of national and international publishing and raising all the structural needs for the creation of a new model regarding the institutional repository to house all the data and submissions in long term. In conclusion, it was possible to transform a traditional journal with 80 years of continuous publication into a modern project integrated with Open Science and Open Access.

La publicación académica ha sufrido muchos cambios con la era digital, dando lugar a nuevas ideas. Ya no debe ser estanco y se asociaba a los aspectos tradicionales, vigentes desde hacía décadas, posibilidades interactivas, modernas y de libre acceso. El objetivo de este proyecto fue presentar un nuevo modelo editorial que incluye, además de los aspectos tradicionales, varias secciones que permiten la inclusión de multimedia, infografías, videos, videocasts, postcasts, sonidos, imágenes, publicación de datos (data papers), educación continua y interactividad universitaria. Se realizó una revisión digital de las revistas más tradicionales del ámbito médico, situando el statu quo de la edición nacional e internacional y planteando todas las necesidades estructurales para la creación de un nuevo modelo en cuanto al repositorio institucional para albergar todos los datos y artículos el largo plazo. En conclusión, se logró transformar una revista tradicional con 80 años de publicación continua en un proyecto moderno integrado con Ciencia Abierta y Acceso Abierto.

A editoração acadêmica tem muitas ideias com novas ideias, promovendo mudanças para novas áreas. Deixou de ser estanque e associado aos aspectos tradicionais, vigentes por extensões e possibilidades interativas, modernas, de acesso livre. O objetivo deste foi apresentar novo modelo de editoração projeto, além de aspectos tradicionais, seções diversas que permitem inclusão da multimídia, infografia, vídeos, videocasts, postcasts, sons, educação, publicação de dados (data papers), continuada e interatividade universitária . Foi realizada revisão digital sobre o tradicional como as revisões da área médica em situação o tradicionais da editoração nacional e para a criação de novas necessidades de status novo modelo no que se refere a todos os dados institucionais internacionais para albergar em todos os prazos e submissões. Em conclusão, foi possível transformar um periódico com 80 anos de publicação contínua em projeto moderno e integrado com a Ciência Aberta e Open Access.

Anesthetic efficacy of Gow-Gates versus inferior alveolar nerve block for irreversible pulpitis: a systematic quantitative review.

This review aimed to assess and compare the outcomes of the anesthetic efficacy of inferior alveolar nerve block (IANB) and Gow-Gates mandibular nerve block (GGMNB) in patients with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis. A descriptive systematic review of quantitative research was conducted wherein the "Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews (PRISMA)" was adopted, and the Problem/Patient/Population, Intervention/Indicator, Comparison, Outcome (PICO) criteria were used to structure the research question. A literature search was performed using PubMed/Medline, Cochrane Library, Google Scholar, and Ovid. Selection criteria were applied for populations over nine years of age, of either sex, with irreversible pulpitis, and articles published in English regarding conventional IANB or IANB and Gow-Gates techniques between 2009 and 2019. Prospective randomized clinical trials or randomized controlled trials were included in the review, in which anesthetic efficacy or success was measured. After screening, four articles were included. Three studies were randomized clinical trials, and two were randomized controlled trials. The validity and reliability of the individual studies were examined. There was evidence of the higher efficacy of the GGMNB technique than that of the IANB technique. However, both techniques can be mastered through training.

Perfil epidemiológico de pacientes adultos com traumatismo cranioencefálico grave na rede SUS do Distrito Federal: um estudo retrospectivo / Epidemiological profile of adult patients with severe traumatic brain injury in the SUS network in the Federal District: a retrospective study

INTRODUÇÃO: O traumatismo cranioencefálico (TCE) é considerado uma epidemia silenciosa e um grande problema de saúde pública mundial. Dados epidemiológicos precisos podem ajudar na formulação de políticas públicas e em estratégias para reduzir a incidência do TCE. O objetivo deste estudo foi descrever a epidemiologia do TCE grave de pacientes admitidos na unidade de terapia intensiva (UTI). MÉTODOS: Trata-se de um estudo retrospectivo com coleta de dados em prontuário eletrônico na UTI de um hospital da rede SUS do Distrito Federal. Foram analisados o perfil epidemiológico e os principais desfechos clínicos e funcionais de pacientes com TCE internados entre janeiro e dezembro de 2015. Uma análise estatística descritiva foi conduzida e os dados foram expressos em médias, intervalo de confiança de 95% (IC95%) e taxas. RESULTADOS: 227 pacientes foram estudados com média de idade de 38 anos (IC95% 36 a 40), sendo 84% (191/227) do sexo masculino. O principal mecanismo de trauma foi o acidente motociclístico, 19% (43/227) seguido dos atropelamentos, 18% (40/227). O tempo médio de ventilação mecânica foi de 14 dias, (IC95% 12 a 15) e os tempos médios de internação na UTI e hospitalar foram de 16 dias, (IC95% 14 a 18) e 42 dias, (IC95% 36 a 47), respectivamente. Apenas 16% (36/227) dos pacientes conseguiu permanecer em ortostase na alta da UTI. A taxa de mortalidade na UTI foi de 25% (57/227). CONCLUSÃO: Os homens jovens são os mais acometidos por TCE grave sendo o principal mecanismo o acidente motociclístico. Estes pacientes apresentam internação hospitalar prolongada e altas taxas de mortalidade

INTRODUCTION: traumatic brain injury (TBI) has been considered a silent epidemic and a major worldwide public health problem. Accurate epidemiological data can assist in the formulation of public policies and strategies to reduce the incidence of TBI. The aim of this study was to describe the epidemiology of severe TBI in patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU). METHODS: this is a retrospective study with data collected from electronic medical records from the ICU of a SUS hospital in the Federal District. The epidemiological profile and the main clinical and functional outcomes of patients with TBI hospitalized between January and December 2015 were analyzed. A descriptive statistical analysis was conducted and data were expressed as averages, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) and rates. RESULTS: 227 patients were studied with a mean age of 38 (95% CI 36 to 40), 84% (191/227) being male. The main mechanism of trauma was motorcycle collision, 19% (43/227) followed by pedestrian collision, 18% (40/227). The mean time of mechanical ventilation was 14 days, (95% CI 12 to 15) and the average length of stay in the ICU and hospital was 16 days, (95% CI 14 to 18) and 42 days, (95% CI 36 to 47), respectively. Only 16% (36/227) of patients managed to remain in orthostasis upon discharge from the ICU. The mortality rate in the ICU was 25% (57/227). CONCLUSION: Young men are the most affected by severe TBI, and the main mechanism was motorcycle accidents. These patients have prolonged hospital stays and high mortality rates

Morphokinetic parameters as auxiliary criteria for selection of blastocysts cultivated in a time-lapse monitoring system.

OBJECTIVE: To describe embryonic profile up to blastocyst stage in a time-lapse system. METHODS: A retrospective, longitudinal, analytical study of patients submitted to in vitro fertilization. The embryos were grouped according to the degree of expansion, internal cell mass and trophectoderm classification, the morphokinetic parameters were associated with the time periods stated in each evolution phase. RESULTS: The appearance of a second polar corpuscle (CPap) occurred earlier in the embryos classified as excellent (2.99h; p<0.05), in relation to the embryos classified as good (3.40h), average (3.48h) and poor (3.55h). The embryos classified as excellent took less time for the pronuclei to disappear (PNbd) (21.80h; p<0.05), when compared to the good embryos (22.96h), the average (23.21h) and the poor (23.47h). As for the morphokinetic parameter, the end of the two-cell division (T2) occurred first in the excellent blastocysts (24.38h; p<0.05), when compared to the other groups: good (25.57h), average (25.53h) and poor (25.78h). With respect to synchronization with the division of three to four cells (S2), the poor embryos presented longer times for such division to occur (3.67h; p<0.05). When compared to the embryos from the groups excellent (1.97h), good (2.70h) and average (2.09h). At the time point of the blastocoel formation (TB), the excellent embryos (104.04h) did not differ from the good embryos (104.10h). However, when compared to average (107.27h) and poor (106.86h) embryos, there was statistical significance (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Embryos of better quality had a shorter time in some morphokinetic parameters when compared to the other groups, thus increasing the possibilities to establish new parameters for the classification and selection of embryos.

Construção e Validação de uma Escala de Competências Socioemocionais no Brasil / Development and Validation of a Socioemotional Competences Scale in Brazil / Construcción y Validación de una Escala de Competencias Socioemocionales en Brasil

O objetivo deste artigo é construir e validar uma escala de Competências Socioemocionais no Brasil. A prospecção dos itens foi realizada por meio da coleta de dados a partir de um grupo focal com gerentes de agências do Instituto Nacional do Seguro Social (INSS). Uma amostra de 424 indivíduos (220 mulheres e 204 homens) foi utilizada para avaliar a confiabilidade e a validade de 34 itens, mas o processo de análise exploratória preliminar dos dados possibilitou a exclusão de 9 itens. Os 25 itens da escala final foram agrupados em cinco competências, denominadas de consciência emocional, regulação emocional, consciência social, autocontrole emocional e criatividade emocional. A Escala de Competências Socioemocionais representa uma contribuição teórica nos campos da administração, da psicologia da educação e do trabalho porque foi desenvolvida e validada a partir de uma base teórico-empírica, considerando a realidade da cultura brasileira.

The purpose of this paper is the development and validation of a measure scale of Social-Emotional competences in Brazil. The prospecting of the items was performed by collecting data from a focus group with managers of the National Institute of Social Security (INSS) agencies. A sample of 424 individuals (220 women and 204 men) was used to evaluate the reliability and validity of the 34-Item of Social-Emotional scale, but the preliminary exploratory data analysis process that led the exclusion of 9 items. The 25-Item of the final Scale were grouped into five competences called emotional awareness, emotional regulation, social awareness, emotional self-control, and emotional creativity. The Social-Emotional competence scale represents a theoretical contribution in the field of Management, Education and Work Psychology because it was developed and validated from a theoretical-empirical basis considering the reality of the Brazilian culture.

El objetivo de este artículo es construir y validar una escala de competencias socioemocionales en Brasil. La prospección de los ítems se realizó mediante la recopilación de datos de un grupo focal con gerentes de agencias del Instituto Nacional de Seguridad Social (INSS). Se usó una muestra de 424 individuos (220 mujeres y 204 hombres) para evaluar la confiabilidad y validez de 34 ítems, pero el proceso preliminar de análisis de datos exploratorios requirió la exclusión de 9 variables. Los 25 ítems finales de la escala se agruparon en cinco competencias que fueran denominadas de conciencia emocional, regulación emocional, conciencia social, autocontrol emocional y creatividad emocional. La escala de competencia socioemocional representa una contribución teórica en el campo de la Administración, de la Psicología de la Educación y del Trabajo porque se desarrolló y validó desde una base teórica y empírica considerando la realidad de la cultura brasileña.

Evaluation of growth hormone co-treatment in in vitro fertilization in patients responding better to the GnRH antagonist short protocol.

OBJECTIVE: The present study aims at evaluating the results obtained after in vitro fertilization in bad responders, using controlled ovarian hyperstimulation together with the use of gonadotrophin releasing hormone (GnRH) antagonist (cetrorelix acetate) in a short protocol. METHODS: This is an analytical, longitudinal, retrospective and controlled study involving patients who underwent in vitro fertilization (IVF) procedures in the assisted reproduction program of the Reproferty clinic, in the municipality of São José dos Campos/SP, from January 2012 to December 2016. We collected the data obtained from the medical records of patients considered to have undergone controlled ovarian hyperstimulation using GnRH antagonist (cetrorelix acetate) and Growth Hormone (GH) in a short cycle protocol. The patients considered controls were those submitted to the same hyperstimulation process, without using GH. RESULTS: There were significant differences in the following analyzed parameters: gonadotrophin regimen dose, stimulation duration, and estradiol levels on the day of HCG administration, number of follicles, number of retrieved oocytes, number of mature oocytes and number of good-quality embryos. On the other hand, the GH administration was not significant in the number of cycles that achieved transfer, the number of embryos transferred and the number of frozen cycles. In the case group, there was no increase in the number of cycles that reached pregnancy rate ßhCG+; however, the clinical pregnancy rates and live birth rates were significant. CONCLUSION: The present investigation demonstrated that GH administration as a supplement in poor responders improves the majority of the parameters to achieve a full term pregnancy in these patients.

From Platelet-Rich Plasma to Advanced Platelet-Rich Fibrin: Biological Achievements and Clinical Advances in Modern Surgery.

In the past 20 years, the platelet concentrates have evolved from first-generation products, i.e., platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and plasma rich in growth factors to the second-generation products such as leukocyte-platelet-rich fibrin (L-PRF) and advanced platelet-rich fibrin (A-PRF). These autologous products with a higher leukocyte inclusion and flexible fibrin mesh act as a scaffold to increase cellular migration in the angiogenic, osteogenic, and antimicrobial potential of these biomaterials in tissue regeneration. In the second-generation platelet concentrates, the protocols are easier, cheaper, and faster with an entire physiological fibrin matrix, resulting in a tridimensional mesh, not as rigid as one of the first generations. This allows the slow release of molecules over a longer period of time and triggers the healing and regenerative process at the site of injury. The potential of A-PRF to mimic the physiology and immunology of wound healing is also due to the high concentration of growth factors released as follows: vascular endothelial growth factor, platelet-derived growth factor, transforming growth factor-ß, and anti-inflammatory cytokines that stimulate tissue cicatrization, vessels formation, and bone cell proliferation and differentiation. Furthermore, the number of neutrophils and monocytes/macrophages is higher releasing important chemotactic molecules such as chemokine ligand-5 and eotaxin. Thus, L-PRF and A-PRF have been used, especially in implantology, periodontology, and maxillofacial surgery. Future clinical applications include tissue regeneration/grafts, ulcers/skin necrosis in the diabetic patient and others, plastic surgery, and even musculoskeletal lesions.

Dependência funcional na alta dos cuidados intensivos: relevância para a enfermagem de reabilitação / Functional dependence at discharge from the intensive care unit: relevance for rehabilitation nursing / Dependencia funcional del alta de cuidados intensivos: relevancia para la enfermería de rehabilitación

Enquadramento: O internamento em cuidados intensivos pode provocar efeitos adversos que originam situações de incapacidade funcional, que persistem por tempo prolongado. A reabilitação precoce pode impedir ou limitar essas situações. Objetivos: Caracterizar o nível funcional e dependências na alta dos cuidados intensivos e verificar o momento de início das intervenções de enfermagem de reabilitação. Metodologia: Estudo descritivo/exploratório, método quantitativo, numa amostra de 30 doentes. Resultados: Valor médio do Medical Research Council de 27 (primeira avaliação) e de 38 (alta). O valor médio da Medida de Independência Funcional, nos autocuidados, mobilidade/transferências foi de 2. A primeira intervenção de enfermagem de reabilitação ocorreu, em média, ao 10º dia, e o primeiro levante após 13 dias. Conclusão: No momento da alta verificaram-se elevados níveis de dependência funcional no autocuidado básico e mobilidade/transferências, sendo necessário melhorar a sua caraterização para a continuidade de cuidados de reabilitação. A mobilização dos doentes críticos deve acontecer precocemente.

Background: Stays in the intensive care unit can cause adverse effects that lead to situations of functional disability, which persist for a long time. Early rehabilitation can prevent or limit such situations. Objectives: To characterize the functional level and dependencies at discharge from intensive care. To assay the timing for initiating rehabilitation nursing interventions. Methodology: Descriptive/exploratory study, quantitative method, in a sample of 30 patients. Results: Average of Medical Research Council value was 27 (first evaluation) and 38 (at discharge). The mean value of the Functional Independence Measure, in the area of self-care, mobility / transfers was 2. The first intervention of rehabilitation nursing occurred, on average, on the 10th day and the patient got out of bed after 13 days. Conclusion: At discharge, there were high levels of functional dependence at the level of basic self-care and mobility/transfers, and their characterization should be improved for the continuity of rehabilitation care. Early mobilization of critical patients is necessary.

Marco contextual: El ingreso en cuidados intensivos puede causar efectos adversos que conducen a situaciones de incapacidad funcional, que persisten durante mucho tiempo. La rehabilitación temprana puede prevenir o poner límite a estas situaciones. Objetivos: Caracterizar el nivel funcional y las dependencias en el alta de cuidados intensivos y verificar el momento de inicio de las intervenciones de enfermería de rehabilitación. Metodología: Estudio descriptivo/exploratorio, método cuantitativo, en una muestra de 30 pacientes. Resultados: Puntuación media del Medical Research Council de 27 (primera evaluación) y 38 (alta). El valor medio de la Medida de Independencia Funcional en autocuidado, movilidad/transferencia fue 2. La primera intervención de enfermería de rehabilitación ocurrió, de media, en el 10º día, y la primera vez que se levanta después de 13 días. Conclusión: En el momento del alta se observaron niveles altos de dependencia funcional en el autocuidado básico, así como la movilidad/transferencia, por lo que fue necesario mejorar su caracterización para la continuidad de los cuidados de rehabilitación. La movilización de los pacientes en estado crítico debe tener lugar en una fase temprana.