ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) using the photosensitizer hypericin-glucamine in the progression of experimentally induced periodontal disease (PD) in rats. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Subgingival ligatures were inserted around the upper second molars of 30 rats. After 7 days (Baseline), the animals were randomly distributed into 3 experimental (n = 5) groups: Hypericin-glucamine; LED (amber LED, 700 mA, 590 nm, 90 mW, 34.10 J/cm2); and aPDT (Hypericin-glucamine + LED). The treated hemimaxillae were randomly chosen. The periodontal disease progression was monitored without treatment interference in the opposite hemimaxillaes, which were used as the negative control of each animal. The euthanasia was programmed according to each experimental period, 7 or 15 days after the Baseline. Microtomographic, histometric and Tartrate Resistant Acid Phosphatase (TRAP) immunohistochemistry analyses were carried out. RESULTS: Computerized microtomography analyses indicated that the aPDT group had a significantly higher percentage of bone tissue when compared to the other 7 days experimental groups. This result was corroborated by the histometric evaluations of the furcal area. The LED-treated group presented the highest percentages of bone volume for the 15 days experimental groups, which is remarkably higher than the groups treated with Hy-g and aPDT. The histometric analyses demonstrated the control groups had greater bone loss in the proximal regions when compared to the treated groups. The aPDT led to a lower osteoclast activity at both 7 and 15 days. Thus, we can conclude that aPDT exhibits positive effects in PD treatment by promoting favorable conditions for periodontal repair.
Subject(s)
Periodontal Diseases/drug therapy , Perylene/analogs & derivatives , Photochemotherapy/methods , Photosensitizing Agents/pharmacology , Animals , Anthracenes , Disease Models, Animal , Disease Progression , Male , Maxilla/drug effects , Molar/drug effects , Perylene/pharmacology , Random Allocation , Rats , Tomography, X-Ray ComputedABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: The erbium, chromium:yttrium-scandium-gallium-garnet (Er,Cr:YSGG) laser has been widely used in the dental clinic; however, few studies have demonstrated the advantages of the use of this laser for bone osteotomies. The purpose of this study is to evaluate and compare the bone repair process of defects generated by the Er,Cr:YSGG laser or conventional drills. METHODS: Ninety-six rats were divided into two groups of 48 animals (drill group and laser group). After surgical exposure of the right tibia, the animals were subjected to a 2-mm-diameter osteotomy created by conventional drills (drill group) or by the Er,Cr:YSGG laser (laser group). The animals were sacrificed 0, 3, 7, 14, 30, and 60 days after the creation of the defect, and histologic sections were obtained and used for histomorphometric and immunohistochemical analyses for the detection of osteocalcin, osteoprotegerin, receptor activator of nuclear factor κ-B ligand, vascular endothelial growth factor, and caspase-3. RESULTS: The osteotomy with the drill produced well-delimited and smooth walls, whereas the osteotomies in the laser group were irregular and presented an amorphous basophilic line and bone necrosis that was slowly resorbed during the repair process. Despite these characteristics, bone repair was similar between groups at various time points, and, at 60 days, the defects in both groups were completely repaired by newly formed bone. CONCLUSION: The repair process of osteotomies created by the Er,Cr:YSGG laser, despite producing thermal damage to bone tissue, is comparable to that with conventional drills.
Subject(s)
Osteotomy , Animals , Chromium , Erbium , Gallium , Lasers, Solid-State/therapeutic use , Rats , Scandium , Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A , YttriumABSTRACT
A Terapia Fotodinâmica (TFD) tem mostrado resultados satisfatórios quando associada aotratamento mecânico de doenças periodontais. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar se a TFDcom o fotossensibilizador hipericina-glucamina, ativado por LED âmbar (34,10 J/cm2) e associada à raspagem e alisamento radicular (RAR), promove melhor reparo da doença periodontal induzida experimentalmente em ratos. Para indução da DP foram instaladas ligaduras no sulco de um dos segundos molares superiores, escolhido randomicamente. Após 15 dias as ligaduras foram removidas e os animais aleatoriamente distribuídos entre 4 grupos experimentais (n =5): Grupo IDP (Indução da Doença Periodontal); Grupo RAR; Grupo TFD; Grupo RAR+TFD. Após 7, 15 e 30 dias da aplicação do tratamento os animais foram eutanasiados. As hemimaxilas foram submetidas a Microtomografia digital e avaliações histométricas. Os dados foram avaliados pelo teste de normalidade de Shapiro-Wilk. Os grupos foram avaliados entre si e os dados paramétricos foram avaliados pelo teste ANOVA. Todos os testes foram aplicados com p<0,05. Não foram encontradas diferenças estatísticas entre os grupos avaliados. Concluímos que a TFD como adjunta à RAR ou isolada obteve resultados semelhantes à raspagem e alisamento radicular.
The Photodynamic Therapy (TFD) has shown satisfactory results when coupled with mechanical treatment of periodontal diseases. The aim of this work was to evaluate whether PDT with the photosensitizer hypericin-glucamine, enabled by amber LED (34.10 J/cm2 ) and combined with scaling and root planning (RAR), promotes better repair of the periodontal disease induced experimentally in rats. The periodontal diseases was installed by randomly inserting ligatures in the grooves of the superior second molars. The bandages were removed after 15 days and the animals were randomized into 4 experimental groups (n = 5): IPD group (Induced Periodontal Disease); RAR group; TFD group; and RAR+TDF group. The animals were sacrificed after 7, 15 and 30 days of the performed treatment. Digital microtomography and histometric analyses were carried out on their hemimaxillas. Shapiro-Wilk normality test was applied to data. The groups were assessed among each other and parametric data were evaluated using ANOVA test. All tests were conducted with p<0.05. Statistical differences were not observed among the groups. Therefore, we concluded that TFD combined with RAR or isolated obtained similar results to scaling and root planning
Subject(s)
Animals , Rats , Periodontal Diseases , Dental Scaling , X-Ray Microtomography , Molar , Photochemotherapy , Periodontitis , Analysis of VarianceABSTRACT
A escovação manual consiste em uma ação mecânica das cerdas da escova aliada aos abrasivos presentes nos dentifrícios bucais, promovendo uma abrasão capaz de remover o biofilme dental. Entretanto, a abrasão excessiva do elemento dental, efeito adverso da escovação, é apontada como causadora ou agravante de lesões em dentina e exposições do tecido radicular. O objetivo do presente estudo foi analisar a influência de diferentes tipos de escovas e dentifrícios bucais no desgaste de dentina bovina. Sessenta amostras de dentina bovina foram incluídas em resina acrílica, planificadas e delimitadas em duas porções: Controle (não submetida à escovação) e Experimental (submetida à escovação). Os corpos de prova foram distribuídos em dois Grupos Experimentais, de acordo com a escova dental utilizada: Grupo I cerdas macias e Grupo II cerdas macias com cerdas polidoras suaves de borracha. Esses grupos foram divididos em três subgrupos de acordo com o dentifrício utilizado: Subgrupo A - Controle negativo (água deionizada), Subgrupo B - creme dental com sílica e Subgrupo C - creme dental com sílica hidratada. Foram simulados três meses de escovação e em seguida, as amostras foram descalcificadas e submetidas ao processamento histológico para a realização da análise histométrica. Os dados foram analisados por meio do teste Anova complementado pelo teste de Tukey com 5% de nível de significância. As médias de desgaste de cada grupo foram diferentes e distantes entre si: IA- 57.47±41.4µm; IB- 104.35±34.1µm; IC- 87.25±37.1µm; IIA- 109.00±61.0µm; IIB- 129.40±66.1µm; IIC- 92.32±44.7µm. No entanto, não foram estatisticamente significantes mostrando que não houve diferença, no grau de abrasão da dentina bovina, entre as escovas e dentifrícios testado.
The manual brushing consists of a mechanical action of toothbrush bristles coupled with abrasive present in toothpastes that promotes an abrasion able to remove the biofilm. However, the excessive abrasion of the dental element, an adverse effect of brushing, is identified as causing or aggravating injuries on the dentin of the root tissue. The aim of this study was to analyze the influence of different types of toothbrushes and toothpaste on dentin wear. Sixty planned dentin samples were embedded in acrylic resin and delimitated in two parts: control (not subjected to brushing) and experimental (subjected to brushing).The specimens were divided into two experimental groups, according to the toothbrush used: Group I (Soft bristle) and Group II (Soft bristle with polishing rubber). These groups were divided into three subgroups according to the toothpaste used: Subgroup A - negative control (distilled water), subgroup B -(Silica) and Subgroup C -(Hydrated silica). A simulation of three months of brushing was executed and then the samples were subjected to histological processing to perform the histometric analysis. Data were analyzed by ANOVA complemented by Tukeys test with 5% significance level. The average wear of each group were different, however there were no statistically differences. It was demonstrated that different types of abrasive and toothbrush tested did not influence the dentin abrasion.
