ABSTRACT
Objetivo: validar o Prisma-7 de forma concorrente com o Fenótipo de Fragilidade e o Indicador de Fragilidade de Groningen. Método: estudo de validade concorrente realizado na atenção primária à saúde com amostra de conveniência de 136 idosos. Instrumento incluiu variáveis sociodemográficas, familiares, clínicas, Prisma-7, Fenótipo de Fragilidade e Indicador de Fragilidade de Groningen. Na análise, utilizou-se a validade (sensibilidade, especificidade) e a confiabilidade (kappa e porcentagem de concordância PC), em relação ao Fenótipo de Fragilidade e Indicador de Fragilidade de Groningen. Resultados: Prisma-7 apresentou especificidade /sensibilidade de 97%/19,4% e 94%/11,1%, quando comparado ao Fenótipo de Fragilidade e ao Indicador de Fragilidade de Groningen, respetivamente. Este é parcialmente concordante com o Fenótipo de Fragilidade (kappa=0,233, p<0,01; percentagem de concordância=76,5%). Prisma-7 e Indicador de Fragilidade de Groningen apresentaram concordância baixa (kappa=0,061, p>0,05, Percentagem de Concordância=77,2%). Conclusão: o Prisma-7, no contexto da atenção primária à saúde, apresentou baixa sensibilidade, devendo ser utilizado com prudência.
Objetivo: validar el Prisma-7 de forma concordante con el Fenótipo de Fragilidad y el Indicador de Fragilidad de Groningen. Método: estudio de validez concordante realizado en la atención primaria a la salud con la amostra de conveniencia de 136 idosos. El instrumento incluía variables sociodemográficas, familiares, clínicas, Prisma-7, Fenótipo de Fragilidad e Indicador de Fragilidad de Groningen. En el análisis, se utilizó la validez (sensibilidad, especificidad) y la fiabilidad (kappa y porcentaje de concordancia PC) en relación con el Fenotipo de Fragilidad de Groningen y el Indicador de Fragilidad. Resultados: Prisma-7 mostró una especificidad/sensibilidad del 97%/19,4% y del 94%/11,1%, en comparación con el Fenotipo de Fragilidad y el Indicador de Fragilidad de Groningen, respectivamente. Esto es parcialmente concordante con el Fenotipo de Fragilidad (kappa=0,233, p<0,01; porcentaje de concordancia=76,5%). El Prisma-7 y el Indicador de Fragilidad de Groningen mostraron una baja concordancia (kappa=0,061, p>0,05, porcentaje de concordancia=77,2%). Conclusión: el Prisma-7, en el contexto de la atención primaria a la salud, presentó una baja sensibilidad, por lo que debe ser utilizado con prudencia.
Objective: to validate the Prisma-7 concurrently with the Frailty Phenotype and the Groningen Frailty Indicator. Method: concurrent validity study conducted in primary health care with a convenience sample of 136 older adults. Instrument included sociodemographic, family, clinical, Prisma-7, Frailty Phenotype and Groningen Frailty Indicator variables. In the analysis, we used validity (sensitivity, specificity) and reliability (kappa and percentage of agreement) in relation to the Frailty Phenotype and Groningen Frailty Indicator. Results: Prisma-7 showed specificity/sensitivity of 97%/19.4% and 94%/11.1%, when compared to the Frailty Phenotype and the Groningen Frailty Indicator, respectively. This is partially concordant with the Fragility Phenotype (kappa=0.233, p<0.01; Percentage of agreement=76.5%). Prisma-7 and Groningen Frailty Indicator showed low agreement (kappa=0.061, p>0.05, Percentage of agreement=77.2%). Conclusion: the Prisma-7, in the context of primary health care, showed low sensitivity and should be used with caution.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Primary Health Care/methods , Reproducibility of Results , Frail Elderly , Evaluation of Research Programs and Tools , FrailtyABSTRACT
Resumo A aderência dos pacientes ao tratamento em hemodiálise é importante para o sucesso do tratamento, mas há carência de instrumentos de avaliação validados para o Brasil. Esta pesquisa visou à adaptação transcultural para o Brasil das escalas Renal Adherence Behaviour Questionnaire (RABQ) e Renal Adherence Attitudes Questionnaire (RAAQ), que avaliam os comportamentos e atitudes de aderência. Esses instrumentos foram submetidos aos procedimentos de adaptação transcultural: tradução, retradução, avaliação por comissão de especialistas e estudo piloto. Foram feitas modificações na redação dos itens e no formato de aplicação, que deve ser em entrevista face a face. Não foi necessário alterar as alternativas de respostas. As versões brasileiras das escalas RABQ e RAAQ apresentam equivalência semântica e cultural com as versões originais e foram redigidas de forma a facilitar sua compreensão pela população-alvo. As duas escalas necessitam ser submetidas a estudos de validade e fidedignidade para serem utilizadas.
Abstract Treatment adherence in hemodialysis is important for guaranteeing better results for patients, but Brazil still lacks validated assessment tools for this purpose. The current study aimed to perform a cross-cultural adaptation of the Renal Adherence Behaviour Questionnaire (RABQ) and the Renal Adherence Attitudes Questionnaire (RAAQ). The two questionnaires were submitted to the following cross-cultural adaptation procedures: translation, back-translation, expert panel review, and pilot study. Changes were made in the items’ wording and application, which requires a face-to-face interview. It was not necessary to change the choices of answers. The Brazilian versions of the RABQ and RAAQ showed semantic and cultural equivalence to the original versions and are easy for the target population to understand. The two scales still require validity and reliability studies before use in the field.
Resumen La adherencia de los pacientes al tratamiento en hemodiálisis es fundamental para un tratamiento exitoso, pero hay una falta de instrumentos de evaluación validados para Brasil. Esta investigación tuvo como objetivo realizar la adaptación transcultural para Brasil de las escalas: Renal Adherencia Behaviour Questionnaire (RABQ) y Renal Adherence Attitudes Questionnaire (RAAQ), que evalúan los comportamientos y actitudes de adherencia. Estos instrumentos fueron sometidos a procedimientos de adaptación transcultural: traducción, retrotraducción, revisión por una comisión de expertos y estudio piloto. Se realizaron cambios en la redacción de los artículos y el formato de aplicaciones, que deben ser mediante entrevista. No fue necesario modificar las opciones de respuesta. Las versiones brasileñas de las escalas tienen equivalencia semántica y cultural con las versiones originales y se redactaron para facilitar su comprensión por parte de la población y de los pacientes. Las dos escalas deben ser objeto de estudios de validez y fiabilidad para su uso.
Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Patient Compliance , Renal Dialysis , Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/therapy , Surveys and Questionnaires , Translations , Brazil , Cultural Characteristics , Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/psychologyABSTRACT
Treatment adherence in hemodialysis is important for guaranteeing better results for patients, but Brazil still lacks validated assessment tools for this purpose. The current study aimed to perform a cross-cultural adaptation of the Renal Adherence Behaviour Questionnaire (RABQ) and the Renal Adherence Attitudes Questionnaire (RAAQ). The two questionnaires were submitted to the following cross-cultural adaptation procedures: translation, back-translation, expert panel review, and pilot study. Changes were made in the items' wording and application, which requires a face-to-face interview. It was not necessary to change the choices of answers. The Brazilian versions of the RABQ and RAAQ showed semantic and cultural equivalence to the original versions and are easy for the target population to understand. The two scales still require validity and reliability studies before use in the field.
Subject(s)
Patient Compliance , Renal Dialysis , Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/therapy , Surveys and Questionnaires , Translations , Brazil , Cultural Characteristics , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/psychologyABSTRACT
Despite massive losses of primary forest, the Amazonian rainforest remains an extremely rich source of biodiversity. In recent years, entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) have been isolated from soil in various parts of the world and used successfully as biological control agents against numerous insect pests. Therefore, a sampling in the rainforest of Monte Negro, Rondônia, Brazil was conducted with the aim of discovering new strains and/or species of EPNs for future development as biological control agents. From 156 soil samples taken at nine collecting sites, 19 isolates were obtained, all of them belonging to the genus Heterorhabditis. Four strains were subjected to detailed morphological and molecular evaluation. Based on morphometrics and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequence data, the strains LPP1, LPP2 and LPP4 were identified as Heterorhabditis indica, whereas LPP7 was considered Heterorhabditis baujardi. Comparative analysis of the ITS1 sequence of H. indica and H. baujardi isolates showed a polymorphic site for the restriction enzyme Tth 111 that could be used to distinguish the two species. Consequently, strains LPP1, LPP2, LPP3, LPP4, and LPP9 were identified as H. indica, whereas LPP5, LPP7, LPP8 and LPP10 were identified as H. baujardi.
Subject(s)
DNA, Helminth/analysis , Rhabditida/isolation & purification , Soil/parasitology , Animals , Brazil , Male , Polymerase Chain Reaction , Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length , Rhabditida/anatomy & histology , Rhabditida/classification , Rhabditida/genetics , Trees , Tropical ClimateABSTRACT
Despite massive losses of primary forest, the Amazonian rainforest remains an extremely rich source of biodiversity. In recent years, entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) have been isolated from soil in various parts of the world and used successfully as biological control agents against numerous insect pests. Therefore, a sampling in the rainforest of Monte Negro, Rondônia, Brazil was conducted with the aim of discovering new strains and/or species of EPNs for future development as biological control agents. From 156 soil samples taken at nine collecting sites, 19 isolates were obtained, all of them belonging to the genus Heterorhabditis. Four strains were subjected to detailed morphological and molecular evaluation. Based on morphometrics and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequence data, the strains LPP1, LPP2 and LPP4 were identified as Heterorhabditis indica, whereas LPP7 was considered Heterorhabditis baujardi. Comparative analysis of the ITS1 sequence of H. indica and H. baujardi isolates showed a polymorphic site for the restriction enzyme Tth 111 that could be used to distinguish the two species. Consequently, strains LPP1, LPP2, LPP3, LPP4, and LPP9 were identified as H. indica, whereas LPP5, LPP7, LPP8 and LPP10 were identified as H. baujardi.
Subject(s)
Animals , Male , DNA, Helminth/analysis , Rhabditida/isolation & purification , Soil/parasitology , Brazil , Polymerase Chain Reaction , Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length , Rhabditida/anatomy & histology , Rhabditida/classification , Rhabditida/genetics , Trees , Tropical ClimateABSTRACT
Interactions between the nematode Heterorhabditis bacteriophora isolate JPM4 and the fungus Metarhizium anisopliae, isolates LPP45 and LPP39, were studied during dual infections of Diatraea saccharalis. Mortality, production of infective juveniles (IJs) and production of conidia were evaluated. A positive effect was demonstrated for host mortality in duel infections of JPM4 and LPP39, causing 100% mortality with LT(50) and LT(95) values of 1.8 and 2.8 days, respectively. Higher values were seen when using the nematode or fungi individually. However, a combination of JPM4+LPP39 caused a significant reduction in IJ production. The results show that faster time to death, a moderately virulent fungal isolate could be combined with the nematode, however at the expense of IJ production.