Assessing Negative Welfare Measures for Wild Invertebrates: The Case for Octopuses.

Welfare metrics have been established for octopuses in the laboratory, but not for octopuses living in the wild. Wild octopuses are constantly exposed to potentially harmful situations, and the ability to assess the welfare status of wild octopuses could provide pertinent information about individuals' health and species' resilience to stressors. Here, we used underwater photos and videos to identify injuries and stress-related behaviors in wild Octopus insularis in a variety of contexts, including interacting with fishermen, interacting with other octopuses and fish, proximity to predators, in den, foraging, and in senescence. We adapted established metrics of octopus welfare from the laboratory to these wild octopuses. In addition to observing all of the stress measures, we also identified two previously unknown measures associated with decreased welfare: (1) a half white eye flash and (2) a half-and-half blotch body pattern. More than half of the individuals analyzed had arm loss, and almost half of the individuals had skin injuries. We also observed that irregular chromatophore expression and abnormal motor coordination were associated with interactions with fishermen. This is the first study to apply measures of welfare from the laboratory to wild octopuses. Our results may also aid in the identification of welfare measures for other wild invertebrates.

Validation of stability-indicating LC method, degradation study, and impact on antioxidant and antifungal activities of Eugenia uniflora leaves extract.

The aim of this study is to demonstrate the stability-indicating capacity of an analytical method for Eugenia uniflora, enhance understanding of the stability of myricitrin, and assess the effect of degradation of spray-dried extract (SDE) on antioxidant and antifungal activities. Validation of the stability-indicating method was carried out through a forced degradation study of SDE and standard myricitrin. The antioxidant and antifungal activities of SDE were evaluated both before and after degradation. The quantification method described was found to be both accurate and precise in measuring myricitrin levels in SDE from E. uniflora, with excellent selectivity that confirmed its stability-indicating capability. The forced degradation study revealed that the marker myricitrin is sensitive to hydrolysis, but generally stable under other stress conditions. By contrast, the standard myricitrin displayed greater susceptibility to degradation under forced degradation conditions. Analysis of the antioxidant activity of SDE before and after degradation showed a negative impact in this activity due to degradation, while no significant effect was observed on antifungal activity. The method described can be a valuable tool in the quality control of E. uniflora, and the findings can assist in determining the optimal conditions and storage of products derived from this species.

Saline extract of Portulaca elatior leaves with photoprotective and antioxidant activities does not show acute oral and dermal toxicity in mice.

The present study aimed to evaluate saline extracts from the leaves (LE) and stem (SE) of Portulaca elatior in relation to their phytochemical composition and photoprotective and antioxidant effects, as well as to evaluate the toxicity of the leaf extract. The extracts were characterized for protein concentration and phenol and flavonoid contents, as well as for thin layer chromatography (TLC) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) profiles. Total antioxidant capacity and DPPH and ABTS+ scavenging activities were determined. In the photoprotective activity assay, the sun protection factor (SPF) was calculated. The toxicity evaluation of LE included in vitro hemolytic assay and in vivo oral and dermal acute toxicity assays in Swiss mice. LE showed the highest protein, phenol, and flavonoid (8.79 mg/mL, 323.46 mg GAE/g, and 101.96 QE/g, respectively). TLC revealed the presence of flavonoids, reducing sugars, terpenes, and steroids in both extracts. In HPLC profiles, LE contained flavonoids, while SE contained flavonoids and ellagic tannins. The antioxidant activity assays showed the lowest IC50 values ​(34.15-413.3 µg/mL) for LE, which presented relevant SPF (> 6) at 50 and 100 µg/mL. LE demonstrated low hemolytic capacity, and no signs of intoxication were observed in mice treated orally or topically at 1000 mg/kg. However, at 2000 mg/kg, an increase in the mean corpuscular volume of erythrocytes and a reduction in lymphocytes were observed; animals treated topically with 2000 mg/kg displayed scratching behavior during the first hour of observation and showed edema and erythema that regressed after six days. In conclusion, LE did not present acute oral or dermal toxicity in Swiss mice at a dose of 1000 mg/kg and showed slight toxicity in animals treated with 2000 mg/kg. Supplementary Information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s43188-022-00160-2.

Phytochemical profile analysis by LC-ESI-MSn and LC-HR-ESI-MS and validated HPLC method for quantification of rutin in herbal drug and products from leaves of Croton blanchetianus.

Phytochemical analysis of Croton blanchetianus leaves was performed by. After that, a high performance liquid chromatography method was developed and validated for the determination of rutin in herbal drug and products of C. blanchetianus. The separation was achieved on a C18 column, and the mobile phase was composed of ultrapure water and methanol (acidified with trifluoroacetic acid) with a gradient of 0.8 ml/min. The method was validated following international guidelines. The chemical analysis revealed the presence of flavonoids. Among them rutin was used as the standard for validation. In the HPLC the presence of rutin was observed at 24.7 min. The method was robust, with no significant variations, and linear in the range evaluated with R2 > 0.99. Regarding the matrix effect, it was possible to prove the absence of interference of the constituents in the herbal drug. The precision was determined with a relative standard deviation of <1.34%. The recovery results were achieved between 89.29 and 101.21%. Furthermore, with partial validation, the method was proved to be suitable for the liquid extract, dry extract and effervescent granules. Therefore, this study demonstrated that the method is effective for the quality control analysis of C. blanchetianus leaves and products.

Evaluation of the Antioxidant and Antifungal Actions of the Optimized Crude Extract and Fractions from the Aerial Parts of Acanthospermum hispidum.

This study investigated the phytochemical characteristics of the aerial parts of Acanthospermum hispidum, by chromatographic and spectrophotometric methods, and evaluated the antioxidant and antifungal activities of the crude extract and polyphenol-enriched fractions of the species. The phytochemical prospection showed the presence of polyphenols from the groups of hydroxycinnamic derivatives and flavonoids in the crude extract (CE) and fractions of the aerial parts of A. hispidum. In the chromatographic analysis, it was possible to observe that the fractionation process of the CE with hexane and ethyl acetate was efficient in enriching the fractions in phenolic compounds. This enrichment provided an increase in antioxidant activity by the DPPH and ABTS methods, in which it was observed a higher antioxidant activity for EAF in the DPPH test and higher activity against the ABTS radical by the fractions AqF and RAqF. The extract and fractions were effective against Candida non-Candida albicans strains, mainly against C. glabrata, C. parapsilosis and C. krusei, acting predominantly fungicidal. The results indicate that the aerial parts of A. hispidum can serve as a basis for the development of new antioxidant and antifungal products. Moreover, the fractionation process can contribute to increasing the biological potential of the species.

Safety evaluation of aqueous extract from Eugenia uniflora leaves: Acute and subacute toxicity and genotoxicity in vivo assays.

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Eugenia uniflora Linn (Myrtaceae) is the native species of Brazil. The leaves of this species are used in folk medicine to treat different inflammatory and gastrointestinal disorders. However, research on the safety of using E. uniflora leaves has been poorly explored. AIM OF THE STUDY: This approach aims to investigate the phytochemical composition as well as the acute, subacute toxicity, and in vivo genotoxic profile of the aqueous extract of E. uniflora leaves. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The chemical composition of E. uniflora leaf extract was determined by Fingerprint by High-Performance Thin Layer and High-Performance Liquid Chromatography. The acute toxicity in vivo was evaluated for 14 days after the administration of E. uniflora leaves extract (2000 mg/kg). For the evaluation of subacute toxicity, mice were daily treated for 28 days with E. uniflora extract (250, 500, or 1000 mg/kg). Signs of behavioral toxicity and biochemical and hematological alterations, including the multiple organ toxicities were investigated. In addition, the micronucleus assay was used to evaluate the in vivo genotoxicity of the leaves extract in murine erythrocytes. RESULTS: The phytochemical analysis showed the majority presence of phenolic compounds (gallic acid, ellagic acid, and myricitrin). Single or repeated doses of the aqueous extract of E. uniflora leaves did not reveal any signs of in vivo toxicity. Daily doses of the extract for 28 days induced a slight reduction in cholesterol and triglyceride levels. Furthermore, E. uniflora leaves extract (1000-2000 mg/kg) showed no genetic damage in the micronucleus assay, indicating the absence of genotoxicity of the herbal species. CONCLUSION: The aqueous extract of E. uniflora leaves showed a predominance of phenolic compounds, with non-toxic and non-genotoxic action in vivo. This approach sheds light on the chemical composition of the leaves of E. uniflora and suggests a high margin of safety in the popular use of the leaves of this plant species.

Evaluation of acute toxicity, 28-day repeated dose toxicity, and genotoxicity of Moringa oleifera leaves infusion and powder.

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Moringa oleifera Lam. leaves infusion and powder are widely used by population due the nutritional and medicinal potentials, however data regarding safety of use are still inconclusive, leading to prohibition of this plant in some countries. AIM OF THE STUDY: The present work investigated the nutritional and phytochemical composition, acute and 28-day repeated dose toxicity, and genotoxicity of M. oleifera leaves infusion and powder. MATERIALS AND METHODS: For nutritional characterization of leaf powder, it was determined: humidity; mineral residue (ash); total lipid, protein, carbohydrate, and crude fiber contents; and total caloric value. Phytochemical composition was determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The acute toxicity assay used Swiss female albino mice and oral administration in a single dose at 2000 and 5000 mg/kg of infusion or powder. The 28-day repeated dose toxicity assay employed female and male mice, with oral administration of infusion or powder at the doses 250, 500 and 1000 mg/kg. The animals were evaluated for body weight, water and feed consumption, biochemical and hematological parameters, and histology of the liver, spleen, and kidneys. In vivo genotoxicity and mutagenicity (2000 mg/kg) were evaluated by the comet assay and the micronucleus test, respectively. RESULTS: Nutritional characterization confirmed that M. oleifera leaves are rich in proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, minerals, and fiber. HPLC indicated the presence of flavonoids and cinnamic derivatives as major polyphenols. Acute toxicity did not reveal alterations in weight gain and water and feed consumptions and no change in biochemical, hematological, and histological parameters. Behavior alterations was observed in the first 2 h after administration at 5000 mg/kg in both treatments. Infusion did not present toxicity when administered for 28 days. Conversely, the powder at 500 and 1000 mg/kg promoted liver and kidney damages observed through biochemical parameters and histopathology. Genotoxicity and mutagenicity were not detected at 2000 mg/kg. CONCLUSIONS: The present study reveals that M. oleifera leaves are an important source of polyphenols and nutrients. Indiscriminate use of both infusion and crude leaf powder above 2000 mg/kg and powder at 500 and 1000 mg/kg are not recommended. Chronic toxicological studies and establishment of preparation protocols are suggested aiming to guarantee the safety in the use of M. oleifera leaves as nutraceutical by population.

Acanthospermum hispidum DC: An Updated Review on Phytochemistry and Biological Activities.

BACKGROUND: Acanthospermum hispidum DC is a medicinal plant present in America, Africa, Australia, India, Hawaii, and Brazil. In Brazil, the species is used in the treatment of gastrointestinal, respiratory disorders and has expectorant action. In the literature, there are studies on the chemical composition of the species, with reports of the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, hydrolyzable tannins, terpenes, and steroids. In addition, several studies have reported in vitro and in vivo studies that prove the biological properties of extracts and compounds isolated from different organs of the A. hispidum plant, including hepatoprotectors, antioxidants, antimicrobials and antiparasitic. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this review is to update the knowledge about the phytochemical, pharmacological and toxicity aspects of A. hispidum, and to contribute to the recognition of the species and direct new studies. METHODS: An extensive bibliographic search was conducted in different scientific databases. RESULTS: The presence of different chemical constituents in A. hispidum has been identified, among these constituents are flavonoids, tannins, terpenes, and steroids. Additionally, antimicrobial and antiparasitic activities were mainly attributed to the species, and other activities not previously described were presented, such as anticholinesterase, antioxidant, hepatoprotective, and hypoglycemic, all based on results of in vitro and in vivo studies. Finally, no reports of toxic effects were found in the in vitro and in vivo tests. After analyzing the articles, it was evidenced that other experiments with different models using animals are essential to evaluate the possible mechanisms of action of the extracts and compounds isolated of A. hispidum. CONCLUSION: Therefore, this review may contribute to the recognition of the importance of A. hispidum and its potential as a medicinal plant and may also guide the conduct of future research regarding the constituents, biological activities, and toxicity of the species.

Chemical and antibacterial analysis of Cinnamomum verum leaves extract and fractions against multidrug resistant bacteria.

The chemical composition, the antioxidant and antimicrobial potential of crude extract from leaves Cinnamomum verum and their enriched fractions was studied. Phytochemical analyses were performed by TLC and HPLC, and the antioxidant capacity was verified by DPPH• and ABTS•+. The Minimal Inhibitory/Bactericidal Concentration was conducted against twenty-two bacteria to select five strains susceptible to extracts/fractions and resistant to the antibiotics tested. Interference of Ethyl Acetate Fraction (EAF) in resistance to synthetic antibiotic was assayed by modulatory and checkerboard model. The chromatographic data showed phenolic compounds in crude extract, as well the flavonoid enrichment in the EAF. The combination of EAF and synthetic antibiotics (ampicillin, azithromycin, ciprofloxacin, or gentamicin) provides a synergistic effect against multidrug resistant strains). The results are useful to obtain multi-targeting in a single therapy solution, which on antioxidants molecules plant-derivatives can act synergistically in antimicrobial combinations, a valuable aid as bacterial resistance modifying compounds.

Curcuma longa extract protects against 5-fluorouracil-induced oral mucositis in hamsters

Abstract Curcumin, contained at Turmeric (Curcumalonga), can exert many beneficial pleiotropic activities in the gastrointestinal tract. This study evaluated the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity of C. longa on 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)-induced oral mucositis (OM) in hamsters. Phytochemical analysis of crude C. longa extract (CLE) was performed to detect the presence of curcumin by TLC and HPLC. Golden Syrian hamsters were orally pre-treated with CLE (5, 50, or 100mg/kg). Cheek pouch samples were subjected to macroscopic and histopathological evaluation. ELISA was performed to quantify the inflammatory cytokines IL-1ß and TNF-α. Superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were assessed by ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy analysis. Behavior analysis was conducted by the open field test. Curcumin content in the CLE was 0.55%m/m ± 0.0161 (2.84%). The group treated with 5mg/kg CLE showed healing evidence with macroscopic absence of ulceration (p<0.05) and microscopic aspect of re-epithelialization, discrete inflammatory infiltrate and absence of edema. Treatment with 5mg/kg CLE significantly increased GSH levels, and reduced MDA levels and SOD activity (p˂0.05), and decreased IL-1ß (p˂0.05) and TNF-α (p˂0.01) levels. A significant reduction in walking distance, ambulation, speed, and rearing was observed for motor activity. Curcumin reduced oxidative stress, inflammation, and motor activity in hamsters with 5-FU-induced OM.

Evaluation of Antioxidant, Antibacterial and Enhancement of Antibiotic Action by Punica granatum Leaves Crude Extract and Enriched Fraction against Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the phytochemical composition, antioxidant, and antimicrobial potential of crude extract and fractions of Punica granatum leaves. The extract was produced by turbo extraction, after which hexanic, ethyl acetate, and aqueous fractions were obtained by partitioning. The chemical analyses were performed by thin layer chromatography and high-performance liquid chromatography, and the antioxidant activities were assayed by DPPH. and ABTS.+ . Minimal inhibitory and bactericidal concentrations (MIC/MBC) were applied to twenty-two bacteria. Most strains susceptible to extract/fractions and resistant to antibiotics were selected, and ampicillin, azithromycin, ciprofloxacin, and gentamicin were associated with the ethyl acetate fraction (EAF) against multidrug-resistant strains in modulatory and checkboard models. The data from chromatographic analyses showed flavonoids and tannins in the extract, as well as the enrichment of EAF in phenols, mainly flavonoids. The flavonoids were connected to the electron transfer activity demonstrated in the DPPH. and ABTS.+ assays. Gram-positive strains are more susceptible to EAF. The subinhibitory concentrations of P. granatum enhanced the antimicrobial activity of the agents and reduced the EAF individual MIC, and the combination of EAF and antibiotics demonstrated a synergistic effect. These results present a promising approach for developing a therapy in which antioxidant extracts and fractions can be used in combination with antibiotics.

Prevenção do câncer de mama: compreensão de mulheres sobre a assistência dos profissionais / Prevención del cáncer de mama: comprensión de las mujeres sobre la asistencia de los profesionales / Breast cancer prevention: women's understanding on the assistance of professionals

Objetivo: compreender a visão de mulheres sobre a assistência prestada pelos profissionais da saúde na prevenção do câncer de mama. Método: estudo qualitativo e descritivo, com 20 mulheres usuárias de uma Unidade Saúde da Família no sul do Rio Grande do Sul, a partir de entrevista semiestruturada e de notas de campo. Para tratamento de dados, utilizou-se análise temática. Resultados: os aspectos positivos revelados pelas mulheres compreenderam a multidisciplinaridade, o comportamento acolhedor e a assistência com cuidado e atenção. Nos negativos, a insegurança do atendimento prestado pela enfermeira, o desejo de garantia de atenção médica e o desrespeito profissional. Conclusões: as mulheres explicitam suas concepções referentes à saúde e como querem ser atendidas nos serviços de saúde com acolhimento e empatia, fazendo escolhas e trilhando caminhos.(AU)

Objective: to understand the women's view on the assistance provided by health professionals in the prevention of breast cancer. Method: qualitative and descriptive study with 20 women using a Family Health Unit in the south of Rio Grande do Sul, based on semi-structured interviews and field notes. Thematic analysis was used for data analysis. Results: the positive aspects revealed by the women understand multidisciplinary, welcoming behavior and assistance with care and attention. Negatives, the insecurity of the care provided by the nurse, the desire to guarantee medical attention and professional disrespect. Conclusion: women explain their conceptions regarding health and how they want to be treated in health services with care and empathy, making choices and following paths.(AU)

Objetivo: comprender la visión de las mujeres sobre la asistencia brindada por los profesionales de la salud en la prevención del cáncer de mama. Método: estudio cualitativo y descriptivo con 20 mujeres de una Unidad de Salud de la Familia en el sur de Rio Grande do Sul, basado en entrevistas semiestructuradas y notas de campo. El análisis temático se utilizó para el análisis de datos. Resultados: los aspectos positivos revelados por las mujeres incluyeron la multidisciplinariedad, el comportamiento acogedor y la asistencia con el cuidado y la atención. En negativo, la inseguridad del cuidado brindado por la enfermera, el deseo de garantizar la atención médica y la falta de respeto profesional. Conclusión: las mujeres explican sus concepciones sobre la salud y cómo quieren ser tratadas en los servicios de salud con cuidado y empatía, tomando decisiones y siguiendo caminos.(AU)

Práticas de enfermagem para prevenção do câncer de pele: uma análise por meio do modelo de promoção da saúde de Nola Pender / Nursing practices for skin cancer prevention: an analysis through Nola Pender's health promotion model

Introdução: O câncer de pele não melanoma (CPNM) ocupa o 19o lugar de câncer mais incidente no mundo, e o não melanoma o 5o. No Brasil, o câncer de pele ocupa 1o lugar nos casos de câncer mais incidentes. Estudos apontam que, intensificar as ações de proteção da pele através do uso de protetor solar, chapéu, roupas de proteção, entre outros, pode reduzir o risco de desenvolver o câncer de pele em até 80%. Considerando este contexto, põe-se em evidência a necessidade de explorar práticas de prevenção do câncer de pele, com foco na mudança de comportamento. Objetivo: mapear o conhecimento científico produzido na área da enfermagem sobre práticas de prevenção do câncer de pele. Método: Trata-se de uma revisão de escopo, de período atemporal. Os dados foram coletados das bases de dados Pubmed, Lilacs, Scielo, Scopus, Web of Science e Cinahl. A análise dos foi realizada por meio do Modelo de Promoção da Saúde de Nola Pender, que consiste em identificar os principais determinantes dos comportamentos de saúde, como base para um aconselhamento comportamental a fim motivar os indivíduos a realizarem comportamentos produtores de saúde. Resultados: os comportamentos anteriores que apareceram com maior frequência, tanto em ações de cunho positivo como negativo, foram: uso de protetor solar; proteger-se do sol em áreas cobertas, e autoexame da pele. Na variável fatores pessoais, preponderaram o sexo masculino, indivíduos casados, de cor branca, com ensino básico. O único benefício para ação mencionado foi o relato dos professores quanto a considerar importante a adoção de políticas de proteção solar na escola. Em relação às barreiras para ação, preponderaram as dificuldades relacionadas com a realização do autoexame da pele. Os dados de percepção da autoeficácia encontrados são referentes ao autoexame da pele; o uso de protetor solar e evitar o sol. Os sentimentos em relação ao comportamento relatados pelos indivíduos foram medo, gostar ou não, entusiasmo, estresse térmico. As influências interpessoais encontradas neste estudo com maior frequência foram as por meio de modelagem, através dos profissionais de saúde por meio de suporte social. As influências situacionais que apareceram com maior frequência, que dificultam na adesão de comportamentos promotores de saúde foram calor excessivo, recursos financeiros, trabalho ao ar livre, e ausência de áreas cobertas. O compromisso com o plano de ação mostrou-se eficaz nas ações referentes a prevenção primária e secundária. Os comportamentos adotados com maior frequência pelos participantes do estudo são às exigências de preferência. O estudo mostrou que os comportamentos promotores de saúde realizados pelos indivíduos são de caráter primário e secundário. Conclusão: o Modelo de Promoção da Saúde de Nola Pender mostrou que as práticas de enfermagem para prevenção do câncer de pele possibilitam gerar mudanças de comportamentos, hábitos e estilo de vida.

Introduction: Non-melanoma skin cancer ranks 19th most incident cancer in the world, and the melanoma 5th. In Brazil, skin cancer occupies 1st place in the most incident cancer cases. Studies show that intensifying skin protection actions through the use of sunscreen, hats, protective clothing, among others, can reduce the risk of developing skin cancer by up to 80%. Considering this context, the need to explore skin cancer prevention practices, with a focus on behavior change, is highlighted. Objective: map the scientific knowledge produced in the nursing field on skin cancer prevention practices. Method:it is a review of scope, of timeless period. Data were collected from Pubmed, Lilacs, Scielo, Scopus, Web of Science and Cinahl databases. The analysis of the was carried out through the Health Promotion Model of Nola Pender, which consists of identifying the main determinants of health behaviors, as a basis for behavioral counseling in order to motivate individuals to perform health- producing behaviors. Results: you behaviors previous who appeared more frequently, both in positive and negative actions, were: use of sunscreen; protect yourself from the sun in covered areas, and self-examination of the skin. In the variable personal factors, the male sex predominated, married individuals, of white color, with basic education. The only action benefit mentioned was the teachers' report regarding the importance of adopting sun protection policies at school. In relation to barriers to action, the difficulties related to the self-examination of the skin prevailed. The data from perception of self-efficacy found are related to skin self-examination; the use of sunscreen and avoid the sun. You feelings about behavior reported by individuals were fear, like it or not, enthusiasm, heat stress. At interpersonal influences found in this study most frequently were those through modeling, through health professionals through social support. At situational influences that appeared more frequently, which make it difficult to adhere of health-promoting behaviors were excessive heat, financial resources, outdoor work, and the absence of covered areas. The commitment to the action plan proved to be effective in actions related to primary and secondary prevention. The behaviors most frequently adopted by the study participants are preference requirements. The study showed that the health-promoting behaviors performed by individuals are primary and secondary. Conclusion: Nola Pender's Health Promotion Model showed that nursing practices for the prevention of skin cancer make it possible to generate changes in behaviors, habits and lifestyle.

Toxicity assessment of saline extract and lectin-rich fraction from Microgramma vacciniifolia rhizome.

Microgramma vacciniifolia is broadly used in folk medicine but safety information is unavailable. Therefore, we evaluated the toxicity of a saline extract and a lectin-rich fraction of M. vacciniifolia rhizome. The extract showed hemolytic activity on mice erythrocytes at 1000 µg/mL, whereas the fraction promoted hemolysis (8.57-26.15%) at all tested concentrations (10-1000 µg/mL). Acute toxicity test in mice indicated an LD50 of >5000 mg/kg. Hematological alterations and increased serum alkaline phosphatase level were observed in the treated animals. Transaminases and urea levels increased in the groups treated with the extract or fraction at 5000 mg/kg. Leukocyte infiltration was observed in the liver of extract-treated animals and in the liver and lungs of mice treated with the fraction. The kidneys of animals treated with the fraction at 5000 mg/kg presented hydropic degeneration. The extract and fraction did not induce oxidative stress in the liver and did not show genotoxicity, as examined by micronucleus and comet assays. In conclusion, the preparations were not lethal to mice but caused some signs of toxicity, mainly the fraction. The results indicated the need to evaluate the toxicity of M. vacciniifolia rhizome in other models and in chronic assays.

Safety and Localization of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Derived from Human Adipose Tissue-Associated Hyaluronic Acid: A Preclinical Study.

Millions of plastic surgeries are performed worldwide every year with the objective of correcting lipodystrophies stemming from lesions, tumor resections, birth defects, and AIDS-associated antiretroviral therapy. Besides that, a large number of clinical research have assessed the outcome of procedures that rely on combinations of dermal fillers and autologous cells. However, little is known about the safety of these combinations and the localization of the injected cells. The aim of this study was to test the toxicity of a solution containing 1% hyaluronic acid (HA) and adipose-derived stromal cells (ASCs) from the human adipose tissue and to assess the localization of the injected cells, with and without HA, labeled with technetium-99m. Rats received subcutaneous and intraperitoneal injections of a solution containing 1% HA/adipose-derived stromal cells isolated from the human fat tissue. The animals were then observed for up to forty-two days. The solution tested in this study did not result in systemic, biochemical, or anatomic alterations that could represent toxicity symptoms. The association of HA and ASCs labeled with technetium-99m remained at the site of the injection within a period of twenty-four hours, as demonstrated by a whole-body imaging software fusion of SPECT and CT. In conclusion, our study shows that the subcutaneous and intraperitoneal injection of HA associated with adipose-derived stromal cells (ASCs) is safe. The association of HA and ASCs did not induce local or systemic toxicity. Thus, the administration of volume equal to or less than 0.2 mL of the agent filler (1 × 106 ASC+HA 1%) should be considered for subsequent studies and may be an alternative to dermal fillers due to the expected lasting effects.

Hormonal oral contraceptive influence on isolation, Characterization and cryopreservation of mesenchymal stem cells from menstrual fluid.

The purpose of the study was to evaluate whether the intake of hormonal oral contraceptive influences the viability of mesenchymal stem cell. Sixteen healthy female volunteers with regular menstrual cycles were invited to participate. Menstrual fluid was collected on the day of maximum flux, and collected cells were analyzed by a 'minimal standard' for MSC characterization: plastic adherence, trilineage (adipogenic, osteogenic, chondrogenic) in vitro differentiation and a minimalistic panel of markers assessed by flow cytometry (CD731, CD901, CD1051, CD34-, CD45-) using monoclonal antibodies. The participants were divided into two groups: Group 1 - no hormonal contraceptive use; Group 2 - hormonal oral contraceptive use. The median of the menstrual fluid volume was 5.0 and the median number of cells was 5.2 × 106. Median of cell viability was 89.3%. After culture, mesenchymal stem cells increased from 0.031% of the total cells to 96.9%. The cells formed clusters and reached confluence after 15-21 days of culture in the first passage. In the second passage, clusters and the confluence were observed after 3 days of culture. No difference was observed between the groups. Our data suggest that oral hormonal contraceptive intake maintains the viability of mesenchymal stem cells from menstrual fluid.

Long-Term and Sustained Therapeutic Results of a Specific Promonocyte Cell Formulation in Refractory Angina: ReACT(®) (Refractory Angina Cell Therapy) Clinical Update and Cost-Effective Analysis.

Mononuclear stem cells have been studied for their potential in myocardial ischemia. In our previous published article, ReACT(®) phase I/II clinical trial, our results suggest that a certain cell population, promonocytes, directly correlated with the perceived angiogenesis in refractory angina patients. This study is ReACT's clinical update, assessing long-term sustained efficacy. The ReACT phase IIA/B noncontrolled, open-label, clinical trial enrolled 14 patients with refractory angina and viable ischemic myocardium, without ventricular dysfunction, who were not suitable for myocardial revascularization. The procedure consisted of direct myocardial injection of a specific mononuclear cell formulation, with a certain percentage of promonocytes, in a single series of multiple injections (24-90; 0.2 ml each) into specific areas of the left ventricle. Primary endpoints were Canadian Cardiovascular Society Angina Classification (CCSAC) improvement at the 12-month follow-up and ischemic area reduction (scintigraphic analysis) at the 12-month follow-up, in correlation with ReACT's formulation. A recovery index (for patients with more than 1 year follow-up) was created to evaluate CCSAC over time, until April 2011. Almost all patients presented progressive improvement in CCSAC beginning 3 months (p=0.002) postprocedure, which was sustained at the 12-month follow-up (p=0.002), as well as objective myocardium ischemic area reduction at 6 months (decrease of 15%, p<0.024) and 12 months (decrease of 100%, p<0.004) The recovery index (n=10) showed that the patients were graded less than CCSAC 4 for 73.9 ± 24.2% over a median follow-up time of 46.8 months. After characterization, ReACT's promonocyte concentration suggested a positive correlation with CCSAC improvement (r=-0.575, p=0.082). Quality of life (SF-36 questionnaire) improved significantly in almost all domains. Cost-effectiveness analysis showed decrease in angina-related direct costs. Refractory angina patients presented a sustained long-term improvement in CCSAC and myocardium ischemic areas after the procedure. The long-term follow-up and strong improvement in quality of life reinforce effectiveness. Promonocytes may play a key role in myocardial neoangiogenesis. ReACT dramatically decreased direct costs.

Isolamento de células osteoprogenitoras derivadas de sangue de cordão umbilical humano: um candidato promissor para terapias celulares para o reparo ósseo / Isolation of human umbilical cord blood-derived osteoprogenitor cells: a promising candidate for cell-based therapy for bone repair

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the osteogenic potential of human umbilical cord blood-derived osteoprogenitor cells and to prove its applicability as a promising candidate for cell-based therapeutics for bone repair. Methods: Primary cultures of human umbilical blood cord adherent cells were expanded in vitro until passage 2 and seeded for osteodifferentiation study. Morphological (light microscopy), cytochemical (Von Kossa's method), and functional analyses (calcium level, alkaline phosphatase activity, and total protein content in cell culture) were carried out 7, 14, 21, and 28 days after the osteoinduction protocol. Results: The proliferative step showed colony-forming units in 7 days. After osteoinduction, cuboidal cellular morphology similar to osteoblasts at 14 days and mineralization nodules and biochemical changes (increased alkaline phosphatase level and calcium deposits) at 21 days confirmed the osteodifferentiation process. Conclusion: Cell culture of human umbilical blood cord is a reliable technique, constituting itself as an alternative source of osteoprogenitor cells for experimental needs. More animal tests and clinical trials must be carried out to validate its use and to establish quality control of future autologous or allogeneic cell-based therapy aimed at bone repair.

Objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o potencial osteogênico de células osteoprogenitoras de sangue de cordão umbilical humano e provar sua aplicabilidade como candidato promissor para terapias celulares de reparo ósseo. Métodos: Culturas primárias de células aderentes de sangue de cordão umbilical humano foram expandidas in vitro até a passagem 2 e semeadas para estudo de osteodiferenciação. Análises morfológicas (microscopia de luz), citoquímicas (método de Von Kossa), e funcionais (dosagem de cálcio, atividade de fosfatase alcalina e conteúdo total de proteína na cultura celular) foram conduzidas em 7, 14, 21, e 28 dias após o protocolo de osteoindução. Resultados: A fase proliferativa demonstrou unidades formadoras de colônia em 7 dias. Após osteoindução, a morfologia celular cuboidal similar a osteoblastos em 14 dias e nódulos de mineralização e mudanças bioquímicas (aumento do nível de fosfatase alcalina e depósitos de cálcio) em 21 dias confirmaram o processo de osteodiferenciação. Conclusões: A cultura celular de sangue de cordão umbilical humano é uma técnica segura, constituindo-se uma fonte alternativa de células osteoprogenitoras para usos experimentais. Mais testes em animais e ensaios clínicos devem ser conduzidos para validar seu uso e estabelecer controle de qualidade de futuras terapias celulares autólogas ou alogênicas objetivando o reparo ósseo.

Isolation of human umbilical cord blood-derived osteoprogenitor cells: a promising candidate for cell-based therapy for bone repair.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the osteogenic potential of human umbilical cord blood-derived osteoprogenitor cells and to prove its applicability as a promising candidate for cell-based therapeutics for bone repair. METHODS: Primary cultures of human umbilical blood cord adherent cells were expanded in vitro until passage 2 and seeded for osteodifferentiation study. Morphological (light microscopy), cytochemical (Von Kossa's method), and functional analyses (calcium level, alkaline phosphatase activity, and total protein content in cell culture) were carried out 7, 14, 21, and 28 days after the osteoinduction protocol. RESULTS: The proliferative step showed colony-forming units in 7 days. After osteoinduction, cuboidal cellular morphology similar to osteoblasts at 14 days and mineralization nodules and biochemical changes (increased alkaline phosphatase level and calcium deposits) at 21 days confirmed the osteodifferentiation process. CONCLUSION: Cell culture of human umbilical blood cord is a reliable technique, constituting itself as an alternative source of osteoprogenitor cells for experimental needs. More animal tests and clinical trials must be carried out to validate its use and to establish quality control of future autologous or allogeneic cell-based therapy aimed at bone repair.

Interação universidade e comunidade através dos movimentos sociais dos bairros Santa Luzia e Ipiranga de Juiz de Fora-MG / University and community interaction through social movements of Santa Luzia and Ipiranga neighborhoods of Juiz de Fora-MG

Este artigo fez parte do projeto de extensão Movimentos Sociais e Educação Popular: Construindo Interação entre Universidade e Comunidade, cujo objetivo era a aproximação dos discentes dos cursos de Enfermagem e Medicina da UFJF com a comunidade local, através da interação comos movimentos sociais dos bairros Santa Luzia e Ipiranga, na região Sul de Juiz de Fora. A pesquisa exploratória, de natureza quanti-qualitativa, teve como objetivos: levantar os movimentos sociais atuantes nessa região; identificar a articulação desses movimentos sociais com a população e realizar diagnóstico da atuação desses movimentos. Foram aplicados questionários semiestruturados aos 14 líderes dos movimentos sociais. Os resultados evidenciaram que os principais objetivos dos movimentos são: realização de ações de natureza assistencialista e de promoção humana;desenvolvimento de ações de lazer e cultura, doações de alimentos e artigos diversos. Eles gostariam de ampliar as ações assistencialistas, os cursos profissionalizante oferecidos e as atividades culturais. Possuem boa inserção na comunidade e recebem apoio de instituições religiosas e educacionais.

This article was part of the Social Movements and Popular Education extension project: Building Interaction between University and Community, that aimed to liaise nursing and medicine undergraduates with the local community,through an interaction with the social movements of Santa Luzia and Ipiranga neighborhoods, in the southern region of Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil. This exploratory, quantitative qualitative study aimed to survey the social movements active in the area, identify the articulation of these social movements with the population, and diagnose the activityof these movements. Semi-structured questionnaires were applied to 14 leaders of diverse social movements. The results showed that the main objectives of the movements were: human development and assistentialism actions;leisure and cultural activities and food and goods donations. They would like to increase assistentialism actions, professional courses and cultural activities. They are well integrated into the community and receive support from religious and educational institutions.