A pilot study of volumetric and density tumor analysis of ACC patients treated with vorinostat in a phase II clinical trial.

Rationale and objectives: Adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) is a rare salivary gland cancer. The vast majority of clinical trials evaluating systemic therapy efficacy in solid tumors use the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) to measure response that is limited to 2 dimensional only evaluations, not taking volume or density into account. The indolent behavior ACC represents a challenge toward an appropriate evaluation of therapy response. Objectives: 1) To describe and contrast volumetric and density changes at each time-point, including changes noted from baseline to best response, to currently used 2 dimensional-only criteria (RECIST) and 2) To report the coefficient of variation in volume measurement among three reviewers on a subset of ACC patients. Materials and methods: We retrospectively assessed a cohort of 18 prospectively treated patients with ACC in a phase 2 trial with vorinostat using a volumetric (viable tumor volume, VTV) and density criteria. Three independent and blinded observers segmented target lesions across a sample of randomly selected computed tomography (CT) exams to examine inter-observer variation. Results: We found that the average coefficient of variation among observers for all target lesions was 16.1%, with lung lesions displaying a smaller variation at 14.0% (p-value >0.17). We describe examples of decrease in volume and density in several lesions despite stable disease by RECIST. Conclusion: This pilot study demonstrates that two-dimensional criteria such as RECIST may not be the best criteria to assess response to therapy, especially with evolving tools within picture archiving and communication system (PACS) that can assess volumetric size, density and texture, however, this should be prospectively studied.

Breast Cancer Tumor Board: A Radiologist's Guide to Postmastectomy Radiation Therapy.

Radiation therapy represents a pillar in the current management of breast cancer. Historically, postmastectomy radiation therapy (PMRT) has been administered only in patients with locally advanced disease and a poor prognosis. These included patients with large primary tumors at diagnosis and/or more than three metastatic axillary lymph nodes. However, during the past few decades, several factors have prompted a shift in perspective, and recommendations for PMRT have become more fluid. Guidelines for PMRT in the United States are outlined by the National Comprehensive Cancer Network and the American Society for Radiation Oncology. Because evidence to support performing PMRT is frequently discordant, the decision to offer radiation therapy often requires team discussion. These discussions are usually held in multidisciplinary tumor board meetings in which radiologists play a pivotal role by providing critical information such as the location and extent of disease. Breast reconstruction after mastectomy is optional and is safe in cases in which the patient's clinical status allows it. The preferred method in the setting of PMRT is autologous reconstruction. If this is not possible, then a two-step implant-based reconstruction is recommended. Radiation therapy does involve a risk of toxicity. Complications can be seen in acute and chronic settings and range from fluid collections and fractures to radiation-induced sarcomas. Radiologists have a key role in detecting these and other clinically relevant findings and should be prepared to recognize, interpret, and address them. © RSNA, 2023 Quiz questions for this article are available in the supplemental material.

Rare cause of postoperative acute abdominal pain: Giant omental infarct later complicated by colonic fistulization.

Omental infarction is caused by vascular obstruction with resulting tissue ischemia, representing a rare cause of abdominal pain. It has been described as a rare complication of gastric bypass. It is important to recognize omental infarction and its possible complications as The management is usually conservative with surgery deferred to specific cases. We present the case of a 56-year-old male with a history of gastric adenocarcinoma who underwent esophagogastrectomy with Roux-n-y reconstruction and 3 months later presented with severe persistent abdominal pain, due to a path proven giant omental infarction. Patient later was complicated with a colonic fistula to the omentum.

Augmented Radiologist Workflow Improves Report Value and Saves Time: A Potential Model for Implementation of Artificial Intelligence.

RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: Our primary aim was to improve radiology reports by increasing concordance of target lesion measurements with oncology records using radiology preprocessors (RP). Faster notification of incidental actionable findings to referring clinicians and clinical radiologist exam interpretation time savings with RPs quantifying tumor burden were also assessed. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this prospective quality improvement initiative, RPs annotated lesions before radiologist interpretation of CT exams. Clinical radiologists then hyperlinked approved measurements into interactive reports during interpretations. RPs evaluated concordance with our tumor measurement radiologist, the determinant of tumor burden. Actionable finding detection and notification times were also deduced. Clinical radiologist interpretation times were calculated from established average CT chest, abdomen, and pelvis interpretation times. RESULTS: RPs assessed 1287 body CT exams with 812 follow-up CT chest, abdomen, and pelvis studies; 95 (11.7%) of which had 241 verified target lesions. There was improved concordance (67.8% vs. 22.5%) of target lesion measurements. RPs detected 93.1% incidental actionable findings with faster clinician notification by a median time of 1 hour (range: 15 minutes-16 hours). Radiologist exam interpretation times decreased by 37%. CONCLUSIONS: This workflow resulted in three-fold improved target lesion measurement concordance with oncology records, earlier detection and faster notification of incidental actionable findings to referring clinicians, and decreased exam interpretation times for clinical radiologists. These findings demonstrate potential roles for automation (such as AI) to improve report value, worklist prioritization, and patient care.

Multimedia-enhanced Radiology Reports: Concept, Components, and Challenges.

Multimedia-enhanced radiology report (MERR) development is defined and described from an informatics perspective, in which the MERR is seen as a superior information-communicating entity. Recent technical advances, such as the hyperlinking of report text directly to annotated images, improve MERR information content and accessibility compared with text-only reports. The MERR is analyzed by its components, which include hypertext, tables, graphs, embedded images, and their interconnections. The authors highlight the advantages of each component for improving the radiologist's communication of report content information and the user's ability to extract information. Requirements for MERR implementation (eg, integration of picture archiving and communication systems, radiology information systems, and electronic medical record systems) and the authors' initial experiences and challenges in MERR implementation at the National Institutes of Health are reviewed. The transition to MERRs has provided advantages over use of traditional text-only radiology reports because of the capacity to include hyperlinked report text that directs clinicians to image annotations, images, tables, and graphs. A framework is provided for thinking about the MERR from the user's perspective. Additional applications of emerging technologies (eg, artificial intelligence and machine learning) are described in the crafting of what the authors believe is the radiology report of the future. ©RSNA, 2018.

ENABLE (Exportable Notation and Bookmark List Engine): an Interface to Manage Tumor Measurement Data from PACS to Cancer Databases.

Oncologists evaluate therapeutic response in cancer trials based on tumor quantification following selected "target" lesions over time. At our cancer center, a majority of oncologists use Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) v1.1 quantifying tumor progression based on lesion measurements on imaging. Currently, our oncologists handwrite tumor measurements, followed by multiple manual data transfers; however, our Picture Archiving Communication System (PACS) (Carestream Health, Rochester, NY) has the ability to export tumor measurements, making it possible to manage tumor metadata digitally. We developed an interface, "Exportable Notation and Bookmark List Engine" (ENABLE), which produces prepopulated RECIST v1.1 worksheets and compiles cohort data and data models from PACS measurement data, thus eliminating handwriting and manual data transcription. We compared RECIST v1.1 data from eight patients (16 computed tomography exams) enrolled in an IRB-approved therapeutic trial with ENABLE outputs: 10 data fields with a total of 194 data points. All data in ENABLE's output matched with the existing data. Seven staff were taught how to use the interface with a 5-min explanatory instructional video. All were able to use ENABLE successfully without additional guidance. We additionally assessed 42 metastatic genitourinary cancer patients with available RECIST data within PACS to produce a best response waterfall plot. ENABLE manages tumor measurements and associated metadata exported from PACS, producing forms and data models compatible with cancer databases, obviating handwriting and the manual re-entry of data. Automation should reduce transcription errors and improve efficiency and the auditing process.

Radiology Reports With Hyperlinks Improve Target Lesion Selection and Measurement Concordance in Cancer Trials.

OBJECTIVE: Radiology reports often lack the measurements of target lesions that are needed for oncology clinical trials. When available, the measurements in the radiology reports often do not match those in the records used to calculate therapeutic response. This study assessed the clinical value of hyperlinked tumor measurements in multimedia-enhanced radiology reports in the PACS and the inclusion of a radiologist assistant in the process of assessing tumor burden. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We assessed 489 target lesions in 232 CT examinations of 71 patients with metastatic genitourinary cancer enrolled in two therapeutic trials. We analyzed target lesion selection and measurement concordance between oncology records (used to calculate therapeutic response) and two types of radiology reports in the PACS: multimedia-enhanced radiology reports and text-only reports. For statistical tests, we used the Wilcoxon signed rank, Wilcoxon rank sum test, and Fisher method to combine p values from the paired and unpaired results. The Fisher exact test was used to compare overall measurement concordance. RESULTS: Concordance on target lesion selection was greater for multimedia-enhanced radiology reports (78%) than the text-only reports (52%) (p = 0.0050). There was also improved overall measurement concordance with the multimedia-enhanced radiology reports (68%) compared with the text-only reports (38%) (p < 0.0001). CONCLUSION: Compared with text-only reports, hyperlinked multimedia-enhanced radiology reports improved concordance of target lesion selection and measurement with the measurements used to calculate therapeutic response.

Extracción de electrodos de dispositivos cardíacos abandonados: desatando el nudo Gordiano, o extrayéndolo / Removal of abandoned wire leads from a cardiac device: untying or extracting the Gordian knot

Los electrodos son considerados el eslabón más débil de los dispositivos intracardíacos. La extracción de los crónicamente implantados constituye siempre un procedimiento dificultoso. En centros que cuentan con dispositivos para su extracción percutánea, el procedimiento se realiza con una efectividad cercana al 100 por ciento, pero cuando no existe esa tecnología, la cirugía menor o a corazón abierto con circulación extracorpórea es muchas veces realizada por el cirujano cardiovascular, quien tiene que asumir el protagonismo por el riesgo de lesión de estructuras cardíacas. Se presenta un paciente con electrodos de marcapaso abandonados, cuyo trayecto por un espacio subaponeurótico del hemitórax derecho produjo, durante años, malestar y ciertas deformidades de la pared torácica, sin que se pudieran retirar después de múltiples intentos. Las particularidades de este caso delinean la importancia de no subestimar estas cirugías y realizar adecuados estudios preoperatorios que permitan planificar convenientemente el procedimiento quirúrgico(AU)