Training to Analyze Functional Parameters with Fiberoptic Endoscopic Evaluation of Swallowing: A Scoping Review.

Analyzing fiberoptic endoscopic evaluation of swallowing (FEES) is challenging and requires training to ensure the proficiency of health professionals and improve reliability. This scoping review aims to identify and map the available evidence on training health professionals to analyze FEES functional parameters. The method proposed by the Joanna Briggs Institute and the PRISMA-ScR guidelines were followed. The search was performed in MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, Embase, Web of Science, Scopus, CINAHL databases, and in the gray literature. Two blinded independent reviewers screened articles by title and abstract. Then, they read the full text of the included reports, considering the eligibility criteria. Data were extracted using a standardized form. Six studies met the established eligibility criteria, published between 2009 and 2022, with few participants. All these studies addressed training as part of the process to validate a rating scale. No standardized criteria were observed regarding the selection of experts and participants, training structure, and outcome measures to assess participants' competence. The reviewed literature indicates that training must be developed to equip students and health professionals who treat dysphagia, enabling them to analyze the functional parameters of the FEES, considering variables that may influence the participants' performance.

Proposal of requirements for the development of a training simulator for the auditory-perceptual judgment of voice. / Proposição de requisitos para o desenvolvimento de um simulador de treinamento para julgamento perceptivo-auditivo da voz.

PURPOSE: to identify a set of requirements for the development of an auditory-perceptual training simulator (APT) based on the experience of professors who provide APT. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional, descriptive study with a quantitative approach. Twenty-two professors answered an online questionnaire containing 31 items related to APT, involving items about the professional profile, conditions for APT in undergraduate and postgraduate courses in Speech Therapy, APT structure, and evaluation of the APT effect. RESULT: it was observed that there is a variation in APT procedures performed in Brazil. The main requirements indicated by the respondents for the APT involve the use of synthesized voices in the initial moments, followed by human voices later; the use of speech tasks with sustained vowels and connected speech; the insertion of complementary information such as gender, age, the profession of the speaker and the spectrography of the vocal signal; training with a minimum time of six hours; the evaluation of the training effect by comparing intra- and inter-judge agreement before and after training; the addition of the parameters of general degree of vocal deviation, roughness, breathiness, and strain; the use of validated continuous and numerical scales; and offering it from the second year of the undergraduate program. CONCLUSION: although there is variability in the response of experts, a minimum set of requirements indicated for performing APT with new judges was identified.

OBJETIVO: identificar um conjunto de requisitos para o desenvolvimento de um simulador de treinamento perceptivo-auditivo (TPA) a partir da experiência de docentes que realizam o TPA. MÉTODO: Trata-se de um estudo transversal, descritivo, com abordagem quantitativa. Vinte e dois docentes responderam um questionário online contendo 31 itens relacionados ao TPA, envolvendo itens sobre o perfil profissional, condições para o TPA nos cursos de graduação e pós-graduação em Fonoaudiologia, estrutura do TPA, avaliação do efeito do TPA. RESULTADO: observou-se que existe variação nos procedimentos de TPA realizados no Brasil. Os principais requisitos indicados pelos respondentes para o TPA envolvem o uso de vozes sintetizadas nos momentos iniciais, seguindo para vozes humanas posteriormente; a utilização de tarefas de fala com vogais sustentadas e fala encadeada; a inserção de informações complementares tais como o gênero, idade, profissão do falante e a espectrografia do sinal vocal; treinamento com tempo mínimo de seis horas; a avaliação do efeito do treinamento pela comparação da concordância intra e inter-juizes pré e pós treinamento; a adição dos parâmetros de grau geral de desvio vocal, rugosidade, soprosidade e tensão; a utilização de escalas contínuas e numéricas validadas; e ser realizado a partir do segundo ano de graduação. CONCLUSÃO: embora haja uma variabilidade da resposta dos especialistas, foi identificado um conjunto mínimo de requisitos indicados para a realização de TPA com novos juízes.

Neurogenic Background for Emotional Stress-Associated Hypertension.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The response to natural stressors involves both cardiac stimulation and vascular changes, primarily triggered by increases in sympathetic activity. These effects lead to immediate flow redistribution that provides metabolic support to priority target organs combined with other key physiological responses and cognitive strategies, against stressor challenges. This extremely well-orchestrated response that was developed over millions of years of evolution is presently being challenged, over a short period of time. In this short review, we discuss the neurogenic background for the origin of emotional stress-induced hypertension, focusing on sympathetic pathways from related findings in humans and animals. RECENT FINDINGS: The urban environment offers a variety of psychological stressors. Real or anticipatory, emotional stressors may increase baseline sympathetic activity. From routine day-to-day traffic stress to job-related anxiety, chronic or abnormal increases in sympathetic activity caused by emotional stressors can lead to cardiovascular events, including cardiac arrhythmias, increases in blood pressure and even sudden death. Among the various alterations proposed, chronic stress could modify neuroglial circuits or compromise antioxidant systems that may alter the responsiveness of neurons to stressful stimuli. These phenomena lead to increases in sympathetic activity, hypertension and consequent cardiovascular diseases. The link between anxiety, emotional stress, and hypertension may result from an altered neuronal firing rate in central pathways controlling sympathetic activity. The participation of neuroglial and oxidative mechanisms in altered neuronal function is primarily involved in enhanced sympathetic outflow. The significance of the insular cortex-dorsomedial hypothalamic pathway in the evolution of enhanced overall sympathetic outflow is discussed.

Subcellular distribution and physiological responses of native and exotic grasses from the Pampa biome subjected to excess manganese.

Fungicides containing manganese (Mn) applied to control plant diseases increase the concentration of Mn in soils, which may potentiate Mn toxicity in acid soils. Some species of wild grasses, such as those from the Pampa biome located in South America, or even those introduced into this biome, may possess different mechanisms of tolerance to excess Mn. The present study aimed to evaluate the subcellular distribution and physiological and biochemical responses of exotic and native grasses from the Pampa biome, cultivated in Mn excess. The experiment was conducted in nutrient solution in a greenhouse, in an entirely randomized design, bifactorial 4 × 4, consisting of four Mn concentrations (2 [control], 300, 600 and 900 µM) and four species (two exotic: Avena strigosa and Lolium multiflorum; and two native: Paspalum notatum and Paspalum plicatulum). At 27 days of exposure to the treatments, biomass and growth rates, leaf gas exchange with the environment, photosynthetic pigment concentrations of malondialdehyde and H2O2, antioxidant enzyme activities (SOD and POD), and subcellular distribution of Mn were evaluated. Most of the grasses showed high concentration of Mn in tissues, mainly, in the shoot. In the presence of 900 µM Mn, more than 80% of the absorbed Mn was compartmentalized in the cell walls and vacuoles of the cells. Compartmentalization of Mn excess into metabolically less active organelles is the main tolerance factor in grasses. Physiological and biochemical responses were stimulated in the presence of 300 µM Mn, while 900 µM Mn negatively affected biochemical-physiological responses of grasses. The species L. multiflorum was most sensitive to excess Mn, while P. notatum was the most tolerant.

Proposição de requisitos para o desenvolvimento de um simulador de treinamento para julgamento perceptivo-auditivo da voz / Proposal of requirements for the development of a training simulator for the auditory-perceptual judgment of voice

RESUMO Objetivo identificar um conjunto de requisitos para o desenvolvimento de um simulador de treinamento perceptivo-auditivo (TPA) a partir da experiência de docentes que realizam o TPA. Método Trata-se de um estudo transversal, descritivo, com abordagem quantitativa. Vinte e dois docentes responderam um questionário online contendo 31 itens relacionados ao TPA, envolvendo itens sobre o perfil profissional, condições para o TPA nos cursos de graduação e pós-graduação em Fonoaudiologia, estrutura do TPA, avaliação do efeito do TPA. Resultado observou-se que existe variação nos procedimentos de TPA realizados no Brasil. Os principais requisitos indicados pelos respondentes para o TPA envolvem o uso de vozes sintetizadas nos momentos iniciais, seguindo para vozes humanas posteriormente; a utilização de tarefas de fala com vogais sustentadas e fala encadeada; a inserção de informações complementares tais como o gênero, idade, profissão do falante e a espectrografia do sinal vocal; treinamento com tempo mínimo de seis horas; a avaliação do efeito do treinamento pela comparação da concordância intra e inter-juizes pré e pós treinamento; a adição dos parâmetros de grau geral de desvio vocal, rugosidade, soprosidade e tensão; a utilização de escalas contínuas e numéricas validadas; e ser realizado a partir do segundo ano de graduação. Conclusão embora haja uma variabilidade da resposta dos especialistas, foi identificado um conjunto mínimo de requisitos indicados para a realização de TPA com novos juízes.

ABSTRACT Purpose to identify a set of requirements for the development of an auditory-perceptual training simulator (APT) based on the experience of professors who provide APT. Methods This is a cross-sectional, descriptive study with a quantitative approach. Twenty-two professors answered an online questionnaire containing 31 items related to APT, involving items about the professional profile, conditions for APT in undergraduate and postgraduate courses in Speech Therapy, APT structure, and evaluation of the APT effect. Result it was observed that there is a variation in APT procedures performed in Brazil. The main requirements indicated by the respondents for the APT involve the use of synthesized voices in the initial moments, followed by human voices later; the use of speech tasks with sustained vowels and connected speech; the insertion of complementary information such as gender, age, the profession of the speaker and the spectrography of the vocal signal; training with a minimum time of six hours; the evaluation of the training effect by comparing intra- and inter-judge agreement before and after training; the addition of the parameters of general degree of vocal deviation, roughness, breathiness, and strain; the use of validated continuous and numerical scales; and offering it from the second year of the undergraduate program. Conclusion although there is variability in the response of experts, a minimum set of requirements indicated for performing APT with new judges was identified.

The effect of aluminum treatment on metabolism in oil palm seedlings

Due to rainfall and high temperatures, the Amazonian soil undergoes changes in its source material and leaching of base cations. This results in deep, infertile, and acidic soil. Aluminum present in acidic soil impairs plant growth and development by inhibiting root formation, enzymatic reactions, absorption, transport, and nutrient utilization. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of aluminum dosage on the metabolism of the oil palm Elaeis guineensis Jacq. The study was conducted in a greenhouse at the Federal Rural University of Amazonia. The experimental design was randomized, with five replications, in which dosages of 0, 10, 20, 30, and 40 mg L-1 aluminum chloride (AlCl3.6H2O) were administered. Electrolyte leakage, nitrate, nitrate reductase, free ammonium, soluble amino acids, proline content, and soluble proteins were analyzed in the leaves and roots of the oil palm. The highest concentration of aluminum was found in the roots. AlCl3 treatment at 40 mg L-1 increased electrolyte leakage, nitrate, ammonium, and proline concentrations in the roots, and amino acid concentrations in both the leaves and roots. Furthermore, a decrease in nitrate reductase enzyme activity was observed in the roots. This study demonstrates that the oil palm has mechanisms of tolerance to aluminum toxicity.

Training for fiberoptic endoscopic evaluation of swallowing parameter analysis: a scoping review protocol / Treinamento para análise de parâmetros da videoendoscopia da deglutição: um protocolo de revisão de escopo

ABSTRACT Purpose: to present a scoping review protocol to identify and map available evidence on training for fiberoptic endoscopic evaluation of swallowing parameter analysis. Methods: the protocol follows the method proposed by the Joanna Briggs Institute and the PRISMA-P guidelines for review protocol reports. The survey will be made in MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, Embase, Web of Science, Scopus, CINAHL, and grey literature. A search strategy has been developed for MEDLINE, which will be adapted for each database. Two independent reviewers will screen the articles by title and abstract. Then, they will read the full text of the included articles, considering the eligibility criteria. The data will be extracted with a standardized form. The results will be presented in a flowchart and narrative summary, following the PRISMA-ScR guidelines. Literature Review: there is a scarcity of research describing visual-perceptual training methods to analyze FEES parameters and inconsistent data to guide clinical decision-making. This review will provide comprehensive information on developing training for this type of analysis. Conclusion: this scoping review protocol will present the overall state of research on the topic and identify existing gaps in the base of evidence.

RESUMO Objetivo: apresentar um protocolo de revisão de escopo para identificar e mapear as evidências disponíveis sobre treinamento para a análise de parâmetros da videoendoscopia da deglutição. Métodos: o protocolo seguirá o método proposto pelo Joanna Briggs Institute e as diretrizes PRISMA-P para relato de protocolos de revisão. A busca será feita na MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, Embase, Web of Science, Scopus, CINAHL e literatura cinzenta. Uma estratégia de busca foi desenvolvida para a MEDLINE, que será adaptada para cada base de dados. Dois revisores independentes rastrearão os artigos pelo título e resumo. Em seguida, farão a leitura do texto completo dos artigos incluídos, considerando os critérios de elegibilidade. Os dados serão extraídos com um formulário padronizado. Os resultados serão apresentados em fluxograma e resumo narrativo, seguindo as diretrizes do PRISMA-ScR. Revisão da literatura: há escassez de pesquisas que descrevam métodos de treinamento perceptivo-visual para analisar parâmetros da VED e dados inconsistentes para orientar a tomada de decisão clínica. Esta revisão fornecerá informações abrangentes sobre o desenvolvimento de treinamento para esse tipo de análise. Conclusão: este protocolo de revisão de escopo apresentará o estado geral das pesquisas sobre o tema e identificará as lacunas existentes na base de evidências.

Virtual simulations for health education: how are user skills assessed? / Simulações virtuais para educação em saúde: como são avaliadas as habilidades do usuário?

Abstract: Introduction: A virtual simulator, or one based on virtual reality, can computationally recreate real contexts. Objective: To analyze works on virtual simulations for training clinical procedures, focusing on the assessment of user skills. Method: Integrative literature review, carried out between 2010 and 2020. A total of 56 studies were selected 56 studies. Results: The selected studies showed that the variables and parameters of virtual simulators are usually obtained by consulting experts or through medical literature. These simulators mainly focus on developing psychomotor skills and assessing the learner's performance through real-time alerts, progress indicators, and performance reports after the end of each training. Conclusion: Considering the expert's knowledge exclusively to define the requirements of virtual simulators can limit their reliability and accuracy. The participation of experts in these projects does not follow standards regarding the selection and frequency with which they collaborate. Few simulators provide insightful and pertinent feedback on user performance.

Resumo: Introdução: Um simulador virtual, ou baseado em realidade virtual, pode recriar computacionalmente contextos reais. Objetivo: Este estudo teve como objetivo analisar trabalhos sobre simulações virtuais para treinamento de procedimentos clínicos, com foco na avaliação de habilidades do usuário. Método: Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa da literatura realizada entre 2010 e 2020. Foram selecionados 56 estudos. Resultado: Observamos nos estudos selecionados que as variáveis e os parâmetros dos simuladores virtuais são geralmente obtidos por consulta a especialistas ou pela literatura médica. Esses simuladores se concentram principalmente no desenvolvimento de habilidades psicomotoras e na avaliação do desempenho do aluno por meio de alertas em tempo real, indicadores de progresso e relatórios de desempenho após o final de cada treinamento. Conclusão: Considerar o conhecimento do especialista para definir exclusivamente os requisitos dos simuladores virtuais pode limitar a confiabilidade e precisão destes. A participação de especialistas nesses projetos não obedece a padrões de seleção e periodicidade com que colaboram. Poucos simuladores fornecem feedback perspicaz e pertinente sobre o desempenho do usuário.

Ninety Years of Multiple Psychotic-Like and Spiritual Experiences in a Doctor Honoris Causa: A Case Report and Literature Review.

ABSTRACT: Psychotic experiences are common experiences shared by a considerable part of the world's population. Moreover, most of the individuals who report these experiences also report those called spiritual and dissociative phenomena. In specific culture and religious backgrounds, these experiences are frequently seen as a part of normal human experiences, usually called mediumship. We report a case of a famous Brazilian medium with 90 years of experiencing psychotic-like, dissociative and/or spiritual experiences, but coped well with the experiences and never sought psychiatric or psychological assistance. The medium received several honorific prizes, such as doctor honoris causa from different institutions, published more than 200 books, and ran a nonprofit organization that takes care of 5000 people daily. Finally, we review the literature on this topic and stress the urge for more research aiming to distinguish pathological and nonpathological psychotic experiences to avoid overmedicalization and iatrogenic treatments.

User satisfaction on the health care provided by the primary health care program in a state in northeastern Brazil

Objective: To verify the factors influencing user satisfaction regarding the healthcare assistance provided by the Primary Health Care (PHC) Program in a state in northeastern Brazil and its macro-regional health districts. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out based on secondary data, and logistic regression models were developed considering user satisfaction (obtained by cluster analysis) as a dependent variable. The state is divided into four macro-regional health districts, and explanatory variables selected included user gender; access to health services; receptivity to spontaneous demand; scheduling appointment at PHC facilities; comprehensive health care; bonding, accountability and coordination of care; home visit; mechanisms for user participation and interaction. Results: Macro-regional health districts 1 and 4 presented higher percentage of users who were not satisfied with their mechanism of participation in the facility. The regression model demonstrated the factors that negatively influence satisfaction, some of which are: facility work hours do not meet users' needs (OR=0.60); the user cannot file a complaint or suggestion at the PHC facility (OR=0.68); the user is not able to set up an appointment for the same day (OR=0.83); professionals never ask about the user's relatives (OR=0.81); and the Community Health Worker does not make home visits (OR=0.78). Conclusion : The data on assistance provided by the Primary Health Care Program in a state of Brazil indicate weaknesses, such as the relationship between user and health professional as well as those related to coordination of care and participation/social control in the PHC facility.

Objetivo: Verificar os fatores que influenciam na satisfação dos usuários quanto aos serviços de saúde ofertados na Atenção Básica em um estado do Nordeste do Brasil e suas macrorregionais de saúde. Métodos: Estudo transversal realizado a partir de dados secundários, desenvolvendo-se modelos de regressão logística tendo como variável dependente a satisfação do usuário (obtida por análise de agrupamento). O estado está dividido em quatro macrorregionais de saúde e as variáveis explicativas selecionadas abrangeram: sexo dos usuários; acesso aos serviços de saúde; acolhimento à demanda espontânea; marcação de consulta(s); atenção integral à saúde; vínculo, responsabilização e coordenação do cuidado; visita domiciliar; mecanismos de participação e interação dos usuários. Resultados: Verificou-se que as macrorregionais 1 e 4 apresentaram maiores percentuais de usuários que não se mostraram satisfeitos com o seu mecanismo de participação na unidade. O modelo de regressão demonstrou os fatores que influenciam negativamente a satisfação, sendo alguns deles: o horário de funcionamento da unidade não atender as necessidades dos usuários (OR=0,60), o usuário não conseguir fazer uma reclamação ou sugestão na unidade de saúde (OR=0,68), o usuário não conseguir marcar consulta para o mesmo dia (OR=0,83), os profissionais nunca perguntarem sobre os familiares do usuário (OR=0,81) e o Agente Comunitário de Saúde não visitar o usuário (OR=0,78). Conclusão: Com base nos dados sobre os serviços de saúde ofertados na Atenção Básica em um estado brasileiro, constata-se que existem fragilidades, a exemplo do relacionamento entre o usuário e o profissional de saúde, a coordenação do cuidado e a participação/controle social na unidade.

Violência contra à mulher: avaliação do jogo "caixa de pandora" como ferramenta de aprendizagem / Violence against women: evaluation of the "pandora's box" game as a tool to learn

Objetivou-se avaliar as potencialidades de um jogo de computador, Caixa de Pandora,como ferramenta de apoio ao aprendizado de estudantes de enfermagem sobre o tema da violência contra a mulher. Trata-se de uma pesquisa quantitativa, realizada com 62 estudantes do curso de enfermagem de uma Instituição de Ensino Superior. Foi aplicado um questionário para analisar a abordagem ao problema da violência e o impacto do game no processo ensino-aprendizado. Analisou-se as respostas sobre o impacto do jogo e sua aceitação através da estatística descritiva. Os resultados mostraram que o jogo motivou a reflexão e favoreceu a construção de novos conhecimentos e a aprendizagem do público alvo. Conclui-se que o jogo se apresentou como uma ferramenta potente para ser utilizada no processo de ensino e formação de estudantes de saúde, especificamente os da enfermagem, sobre o tema da violência.

It was aimed to assess the potentials of a computer game, Pandora ́s Box, as a support tool for nursing students ́ learning about the theme of the violence against women.This is a quantitative research, carried out with 62 students of the nursing course from a Higher Education Institution. A questionnaire was applied to analyze the approach to the violence problem and the impact of the game in the teaching-learning process. The answers were analyzed about the impact of the game and its acceptance through the descriptive statistics. The results showed that the game motivated the reflection and favored the building of new knowledge and the learning to the target public. It was concluded that the game was presented as a potent tool to be used in the teaching process and training of health students, specifically to those of the nursing, on the theme of violence.

User satisfaction with primary health care by region in Brazil: 1st cycle of external evaluation from PMAQ-AB. / Satisfação do usuário da Atenção Básica em Saúde por regiões do Brasil: 1º ciclo de avaliação externa do PMAQ-AB.

The National Program for Access and Quality Improvement in Primary Care (Programa Nacional de Melhoria do Acesso e da Qualidade da Atenção Básica, PMAQ-AB) aimed to improve healthcare public service quality and satisfaction of health service users. This study's objective was to identify the main factors influencing user satisfaction with primary care (PC) services by region in Brazil. Using secondary data from the 1st Cycle of PMAQ-AB, logistic regression models were developed by region, with user satisfaction as the dependent variable, as defined by cluster analysis. Based on the obtained models, the health unit's ability to solve users' problems and feeling respected by the health providers were the most important factors for user satisfaction in all regions in Brazil. However, other important factors by region included the following: the health unit's hours of operation meeting the user's needs (Northeast); providers asking about family members (North); providers asking about other health needs (Midwest); users being seen without an appointment (South); and users asking questions after the appointment (Southeast). In conclusion, the factors influencing user satisfaction with PC vary according to region and are mainly associated with access quality, meeting users' needs, and work process organization.

Satisfação do usuário da Atenção Básica em Saúde por regiões do Brasil: 1º ciclo de avaliação externa do PMAQ-AB / User satisfaction with primary health care by region in Brazil: 1st cycle of external evaluation from PMAQ-AB

Resumo O PMAQ-AB tem dentre suas diretrizes estimular a orientação dos serviços mediante as necessidades e a satisfação dos usuários. Este estudo objetiva identificar os principais fatores que influenciam na Satisfação do Usuário com os serviços de Atenção Básica por regiões do Brasil. Utilizando dados secundários do 1° Ciclo do PMAQ-AB, desenvolveu-se modelos de regressão logística por região tendo como variável dependente a satisfação do usuário (obtida por análise de agrupamento). Com base nos modelos obtidos, pode-se destacar que o usuário resolver seus problemas na US e sentir-se respeitado pelos profissionais de saúde são os fatores mais importantes, em todas as regiões do Brasil, referente à sua satisfação. Porém, podem-se destacar outros fatores por região: o horário de funcionamento (Nordeste); profissionais perguntarem pelos familiares (Norte); interesse dos profissionais sobre outras necessidades de saúde (Centro-Oeste); ser escutado sem ter hora marcada (Sul); e retirar suas dúvidas após a consulta (Sudeste). Conclui-se que os fatores influenciadores da satisfação dos usuários da AB variam de acordo com a região e estão relacionados principalmente com a qualificação do acesso, ao atendimento das necessidades dos usuários e aos aspectos do processo de trabalho.

Abstract The National Program for Access and Quality Improvement in Primary Care (Programa Nacional de Melhoria do Acesso e da Qualidade da Atenção Básica, PMAQ-AB) aimed to improve healthcare public service quality and satisfaction of health service users. This study’s objective was to identify the main factors influencing user satisfaction with primary care (PC) services by region in Brazil. Using secondary data from the 1st Cycle of PMAQ-AB, logistic regression models were developed by region, with user satisfaction as the dependent variable, as defined by cluster analysis. Based on the obtained models, the health unit’s ability to solve users’ problems and feeling respected by the health providers were the most important factors for user satisfaction in all regions in Brazil. However, other important factors by region included the following: the health unit’s hours of operation meeting the user’s needs (Northeast); providers asking about family members (North); providers asking about other health needs (Midwest); users being seen without an appointment (South); and users asking questions after the appointment (Southeast). In conclusion, the factors influencing user satisfaction with PC vary according to region and are mainly associated with access quality, meeting users’ needs, and work process organization.

Factors associated with user satisfaction regarding treatment offered in Brazilian primary health care.

The Program for Access and Quality Improvement in Primary Care (PMAQ-AB) aimed to improve healthcare public service quality. The purpose of this study was to identify the main factors that influence user satisfaction in Brazilian primary health care services. This research was carried out using secondary data from the first cycle of the PMAQ-AB. A cluster analysis was carried out to find the dependent variable of user satisfaction; and logistic regression was applied in order to obtain the decision model. From the resulting regression model, two factors can be highlighted as regards influencing user satisfaction in Brazil: the user's perception that the team did not attempt to address their needs/problems within the health unit; and the user not feeling respected by the professionals in relation to cultural habits, customs, and religion or only sometimes feeling so. This study revealed the importance of continued commitment of teams and managers to improving care access, meeting user needs, and improving organizational aspects and the health professional-user relationship.

Factors associated with user satisfaction regarding treatment offered in Brazilian primary health care / Fatores associados à satisfação de usuários com a atenção primária à saúde no Brasil / Factores asociados a la satisfacción de usuarios con la atención primaria de salud en Brasil

Abstract: The Program for Access and Quality Improvement in Primary Care (PMAQ-AB) aimed to improve healthcare public service quality. The purpose of this study was to identify the main factors that influence user satisfaction in Brazilian primary health care services. This research was carried out using secondary data from the first cycle of the PMAQ-AB. A cluster analysis was carried out to find the dependent variable of user satisfaction; and logistic regression was applied in order to obtain the decision model. From the resulting regression model, two factors can be highlighted as regards influencing user satisfaction in Brazil: the user's perception that the team did not attempt to address their needs/problems within the health unit; and the user not feeling respected by the professionals in relation to cultural habits, customs, and religion or only sometimes feeling so. This study revealed the importance of continued commitment of teams and managers to improving care access, meeting user needs, and improving organizational aspects and the health professional-user relationship.

Resumo: O Programa Nacional de Melhoria do Acesso e da Qualidade da Atenção Básica (PMAQ-AB) tem como objetivo melhorar a qualidade dos serviços públicos de saúde. O objetivo do estudo foi identificar os principais fatores que influenciam a satisfação dos usuários com os serviços de atenção básica no Brasil. O estudo utilizou dados secundários do primeiro ciclo do PMAQ-AB. A análise de clusters foi utilizada para identificar a variável-desfecho satisfação de usuários, e a regressão logística foi aplicada para obter o modelo decisório. A partir do modelo de regressão, destacam-se dois fatores relacionados à influência sobre a satisfação de usuários no Brasil: a percepção do usuário de que a equipe de saúde não procurou atender suas necessidades e problemas internos da unidade de saúde; a sensação do usuário de não se sentir respeitado pelos profissionais, ou de sentir respeitado apenas eventualmente, em relação a seus hábitos culturais, costumes e religião. O estudo revelou a importância do compromisso de equipes e gestores na melhoria do acesso, satisfação das necessidades dos usuários e melhoria dos aspectos organizacionais e da relação entre profissionais e usuários.

Resumen: El Programa Nacional de Mejora del Acceso y Calidad de la Atención Básica (PMAQ-AB) tiene como objetivo mejorar la calidad de los servicios públicos de salud. El objetivo del estudio fue identificar los principales factores que influencian la satisfacción de los usuarios con los servicios de atención básica en Brasil. El estudio utilizó datos secundarios del primer ciclo del PMAQ-AB. El análisis de clústeres se utilizó para identificar la variable-desenlace satisfacción de usuarios, y la regresión logística se aplicó para obtener el modelo decisorio. A partir del modelo de regresión, se destacan dos factores relacionados con la influencia sobre la satisfacción de usuarios en Brasil: la percepción del usuario de que el equipo de salud no procuró atender sus necesidades y problemas internos de la unidad de salud; la sensación del usuario de no sentirse respetado por los profesionales, o de sentirse respetado sólo eventualmente, en relación a sus hábitos culturales, costumbres y religión. El estudio reveló la importancia del compromiso de equipos y gestores en la mejora del acceso, satisfacción de las necesidades de los usuarios y mejora de los aspectos organizativos y de relación entre profesionales y usuarios.

When the Patient Believes That the Organs Are Destroyed: Manifestation of Cotard's Syndrome.

Cotard's Syndrome (CS) is a rare clinical event described for the first time in 1880 by the neurologist and psychiatrist Jules Cotard and characterized by negation delusions (or nihilists). Immortality and hypochondriac delusions are also typical. Nowadays, it is known that CS can be associated with many neuropsychiatric conditions. In this article, we describe the case of a patient that believed not having more organs and having the body deformed and whose CS was associated with a bigger depressive disorder. Although the electroconvulsive therapy is the most described treatment modality in the literature, the reported case had therapeutic success with association of imipramine and risperidone.

Equipamentos e insumos odontológicos e sua relação com as unidades da atenção primária à saúde / Dental equipments and supplies and their association with primary health care units / Equipos e insumos odontológicos y su relación con las unidades de atención primaria de salud

OBJETIVO: Analisar a relação entre equipamentos/insumos odontológicos e as unidades de atenção primária à saúde. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal do tipo quantitativo realizado em postos de saúde (n=243) e unidades básicas de saúde (USB) (n=1101), nas 16 regionais de saúde do Estado da Paraíba, no ano de 2012 e primeiro semestre de 2013. Coletaram-se dados secundários sobre equipamentos e insumos odontológicos nas unidades de saúde. Esses dados emergiram das questões de saúde bucal do Programa Nacional de Melhoria do Acesso e Qualidade da Atenção Básica (PMAQ). Aplicaram-se os testes t de Student e Qui-quadrado (p=0,05). RESULTADOS: Encontrou-se um número reduzido de equipamentos e insumos odontológicos, como autoclaves em condições de uso em apenas 27,2% (n=66) dos postos de saúde e em 29,0% (n=319) das UBS, e selantes em quantidade suficiente apenas em 31,7% (n=77) dos postos de saúde e em 30,7% (n=338) das UBS. Há diferença entre os tipos de unidades e a disponibilidade de equipamentos e materiais, como refletores (p<0,05), constatando-se associações com as regionais de saúde. CONCLUSÃO: Na atenção básica, as unidades de saúde do Estado da Paraíba apresentam alguns equipamentos e insumos em número reduzido, com diferença significativa entre o tipo de unidade e as regionais de saúde do estado

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the association between dental equipment/supplies and primary health care units. METHODS: Quantitative cross-sectional study carried out in health care centers (n=243) and Primary Health Care Units (PHU) (n=1101), in the 16 Regional Health Divisions of the state of Paraíba, Brazil, in 2012 and the first semester of 2013. Secondary data about dental equipment and supplies was collected in the health units. Data emerged from questions on oral health of the National Program for Access and Quality Improvement in Primary Care (PMAQ). The t-Student and chi-square tests (p=0.05) were applied. RESULTS: A reduced number of dental equipment and supplies was found, such as autoclaves in proper conditions for use in only 27.2% (n=66) of the health care centers and 29.0% (n=319) of the PHU; and sealants in sufficient quantity only in 31.7% (n=77) of the health care centers and 30.7% (n=338) of the PHU. There are differences between the kinds of health facilities and the availability of materials and equipment, such as reflectors (p<0.05), and association with the regional health divisions was evidenced. CONCLUSION: In the primary care level, health units of the state of Paraíba feature reduced amount of dental equipment and supplies, with a significant difference between the type of health facility and the regional health divisions

OBJETIVO: Analizar la relación de los equipos/insumos odontológicos y las unidades de atención primaria de salud. MÉTODOS: Estudio transversal del tipo cuantitativo realizado en centros de salud (n=243) y unidades básicas de salud (UBS) (n=1101) de las 16 regionales de salud del Estado de Paraíba en el año de 2012 y el primer semestre de 2013. Se recogieron datos secundarios de los equipos e insumos odontológicos de las unidades de salud. Estos datos emergieron de las cuestiones de salud bucal del Programa Nacional para la Mejoría del Acceso y Calidad de Atención Básica (PMAC). Se aplicaron las pruebas t de Student y la prueba Chi-cuadrado (p=0,05). RESULTADOS: Se encontró un número reducido de equipos e insumos odontológicos como autoclaves en buenas condiciones solamente en el 27,2% (n=66) de los centros de salud y en el 29,0% (n=319) de las UBS y sellantes en cantidad suficiente solamente en el 31,7%(n=77) de los centros de salud y en el 30,7% (n=338) de las UBS. Hay diferencia entre los tipos de unidades y la disponibilidad de los equipos y materiales como los reflectores (p<0,05) con asociaciones entre las regionales de salud. CONCLUSIÓN: En la atención básica las unidades de salud del Estado de Paraíba presentan algunos equipos e insumos en cantidad reducida y diferencia significativa entre el tipo de unidad y las regionales de salud del estado

Modelagem conceitual de simulador virtual para treinamento em anestesia regional / Conceptual modeling of a virtual simulator for regional anesthesia training

Este artigo tem como objetivo apresentar a modelagem conceitual de um simulador baseado em realidade virtual para treinamento de anestesia regional. A partir da sistematização dos conceitos relacionados ao aprendizado da técnica a partir de revisão acerca de simuladores previamente desenvolvidos e suas características, bem como levantamento dos elementos teóricos e dos problemas relacionados à execução das técnicas, foi desenvolvido um mapa conceitual, contendo todos os conceitos relacionados de forma hierarquizada, e um fluxograma com eventos e consequências observadas durante a realização do procedimento. Concluiu-se com este trabalho que não existe um simulador totalmente virtual para o treinamento de técnicas de anestesia regional e que o processo de modelagem de um simulador para treinamento necessita da sistematização dos conceitos para guiar o processo de desenvolvimento.

The objective of this research is present the conceptual modeling of a simulator based on virtual reality to support the training in regional anesthesia. From the systematization of concepts related to the learning process ofthe techniques obtained from previously developed simulators and from the identification of theoretical elements and problems related to the execution of the techniques, a concept map was designed with the related concepts organized hierarchically and a flowchart was developed to present events and consequences observed in the execution of the procedure. From the research was possible to observe that there isn't a completely virtual simulator for the training of regional anesthesia techniques and that the process of development of one needs systematization of concepts to guide the process of development.