ABSTRACT
Birds, including canaries and other birds, have become increasingly popular as pets. Bird fairs, where breeders gather and show their production in a championship setting, present a setting for possible Salmonella spp. contamination and transmission. Therefore, this study estimated the rate of Salmonella spp. isolation from cage papers, located in the bottom of cages of exotic pet birds, including canaries. Collected Salmonella isolates were used to determine the antimicrobial resistance profile to 52 antibiotics and 17 commercial disinfectants, based on pure or a mixture of acids, alcohols, aldehydes, alkalis, halogens, peroxygen, and quaternary ammonium compounds. The samples consisted of 774 cage papers taken in the 2015 Argentinean canary breeder championship, pooling three cage papers into one sterile sampling bag. Only one pool of the cage papers was positive for Salmonella spp. (0.4%), which belonged to the sample from three frill canary cages. Two strains of Salmonella serotype Glostrup were isolated, which were only resistant to sulfonamides and erythromycin and sensitive to alkali-based product PL301 AS. Although the rate of Salmonella spp. isolation from cage papers in an Argentinean canary breeder championship is low, it should not be discounted because Salmonella ser. Glostrup can be a source of human Salmonella outbreaks and they show high resistance to disinfecting products.
ABSTRACT
Currently the importance of using alternative strategies for biodiversity conservation is emphasized and since the establishment of germplasm bank is an alternative to the conservation of endangered species. This is a technique of great importance for the maintenance of Brazilian fauna. Since the early70'sthere was a growing concern about the need to preserve essential genetic resources for food and agriculture, mainly for conservation of genetic material from farm animals. Thus was created the Brasilia Zoo, in July 2010, the first Germplasm Bank of Wild Animals in Latin America, as an alternative strategy for the conservation of threatened or endangered species, using both gametes and somatic cells and stem cells. Then we argue to create new banks or research networks among different regions with aimed to tissue preservation.
Atualmente, a importância do uso de estratégias alternativas para a preservação da biodiversidade é ressaltada e, visto que a criação de bancos de germoplasma é uma alternativa para a conservação de espécies ameaçadas, esta é uma técnica de suma importância para a manutenção da fauna brasileira. Desde o começo da década de 70 houve uma crescente preocupação sobre a necessidade de se preservar recursos genéticos essenciais para alimentação e agricultura, voltados principalmente, para a conservação de material genético de animais de produção. Deste modo, foi criado pelo Jardim Zoológico de Brasília, em julho de 2010, o primeiro Banco de Germoplasma de Animais Selvagens da América Latina, como uma estratégia alternativa para a conservação de espécies ameaçadas ou em perigo de extinção, utilizando tanto gametas como células somáticas e células-tronco. Com isto ponderamos na criação de novos bancos ou redes de pesquisa inter-regionais que foquem nesta preservação tecidual.
Subject(s)
Animals , Biodiversity , Cryopreservation/veterinary , Endangered Species , Preservation, Biological/veterinary , Tissue Preservation/veterinaryABSTRACT
The roughest locus of Drosophila melanogaster encodes a transmembrane protein of the immunoglobulin superfamily required for several developmental processes, including axonal pathfinding in the developing optic lobe, mechanosensory bristle differentiation and myogenesis. In the compound eye, rst was previously shown to be required for establishing the correct number and spacing of secondary and tertiary pigment cells during the final steps of ommatidial assembly. We have further investigated its function in the developing pupal retina by performing a developmental and molecular analysis of a novel dominant rst allele, rst(D). In addition to showing evidence that rst(D) is a regulatory mutant, the results strongly suggest a previously unnoticed role of the rst gene in the differentiation of secondary/tertiary pigment cell fate as well as establishing the correct timing of surplus cell removal by programmed cell death in the compound eye.
