Delivery anatomy kits help to keep practical veterinary classes during the COVID-19 pandemic.

To address the restrictions caused by the COVID-19 pandemic and to search for assistive learning tools for the subject of Animal Anatomy II and Applied Anatomy, 123 anatomical kits were prepared at the Animal Anatomy Laboratory for students of the Veterinary Medicine course at the University of São Paulo, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering (FZEA/USP) in Pirassununga city, São Paulo, Brazil. The kits contained anatomical pieces for teaching splanchnology and topographic anatomy (two different classes), and they were elaborated based on effective preservation techniques for the preparation of animal anatomical pieces. At the end of each course, we sent an online questionnaire to the students for evaluation of the methodology used. Alternative methods were used to minimize the odour and non-generation of chemical or microbiological contaminants. The acceptance of the kits was unanimous with adherence by all the students, who had the opportunity to experience the Anatomy class in its entirety, without leaving their homes.

Evaluation of targeted oxidative stress induced by oxygen-ozone in vitro after ischemic induction.

Encephalic vascular accident, or stroke, is the most common pathology of the central nervous system in humans, the second leading cause of death and physical and cognitive disabilities, in developing countries. It presents as an ischemic (more common) or hemorrhagic form. Ozone therapy has been shown to be effective in neuromodulation, neuroprotection, and nerve regeneration. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of targeted mild ozone after inducing cerebral ischemia in vitro. Neuroblastoma lineage cells (SH-SY5Y) and canine amniotic membrane stem cells were subjected to 24 hours of hypoxia in an incubator culture chamber. The cells were evaluated by MTT assay, colorimetric assay spectrophotometry, fluorescence microscopy, and flow cytometry. Treatment with low concentrations of ozone (2-10 µg/mL), indicated a possible neuroregenerative effect at low concentrations, correlated with lower levels of apoptosis and oxidative stress compared to cells not subjected to hypoxia. High concentrations of ozone (18-30 µg/mL) promoted an increase in rate of apoptosis and cell death. We developed a novel protocol that mimics ozone therapy for ischemic stroke, using ozonized culture medium after hypoxia induction. Although more studies are needed, we conclude that ozone has a dose-dependent hormetic effect and can reverse the effect of ischemia in vitro at low concentrations.

Treatment of Chronic Spinal Cord Injury in Dogs Using Amniotic Membrane-Derived Stem Cells: Preliminary Results.

INTRODUCTION: Intervertebral disc diseases (IVDD) represent the majority of neurological attendance and responsible for the most cases of paralysis in dogs. Treatments currently used do not show satisfactory results in patients with more severe and chronic neurological manifestations. METHODS: To promote nerve and muscular recovery, as well as improve quality of life, we aimed to create a double-blind test method, associating spinal decompression surgery and allogeneic transplantation of amniotic membrane-derived stem cells (AMSCs) in dogs with chronic IVDD. Cells were characterized as fetal mesenchymal cells and safe for application. Eight animals completed the experiment: stem cell applications were made in four animals that had previously undergone an unsuccessful surgical procedure ("SC group", n = 4); two animals were submitted to surgery, followed by applications of stem cells ("Surgery + SC", n = 2); two other animals were submitted to surgery, followed by the application of saline solution ("Surgery + placebo", n = 2). During the surgical procedure, a topical application was performed on the lesion and after fifteen and forty-five days another two applications were made via epidural. Animals were monitored biweekly and reassessed three months after surgery, by functional tests and magnetic resonance exams. RESULTS: Some animals presented significant neurological improvement, such as the recovery of nociception and ability to remain on station. Despite the need further studies, until the present moment, cell therapy has been feasible and has no harmful effects on animals. CONCLUSION: The protocol of preclinical trial showed the association with decompressive surgery and cell transplantation in dogs with thoracolumbar IVDD proved feasible, and it was possible to observe neurological improvement after treatment. No tissue improvement through MRI was found. The double-blind test guaranteed reliability of the evaluations and results obtained that, even with a small sample size, generated satisfactory results for the animals and owners.

Swine viscera preservation in hypersaturated salt solution after alcohol fixation as a preparation method for educational purposes.

The use of live animals for educational purposes is an old practice that is still employed in teaching and research institutions. However, there are several objections to this practice, whether for ethical or humanitarian reasons. Surgical techniques teaching using anatomical pieces and/or preserved cadavers promotes greater learning efficiency, provides exercise repetition and increases the confidence and satisfaction of the students when compared to the use of live animals. The current work aimed to analyse the feasibility of using fresh swine urinary bladder and small intestines (jejunum), obtained from slaughterhouses, fixed in 99.8% ethyl alcohol (EA) and preserved in sodium chloride hypersaturated solution (SCHS) at 30%, for 7, 14 and 21 days, as an alternative method for surgical skills training (SST). Swine viscera, fixed in EA and preserved in SCHS, presented a realistic appearance, absence of odour and maintained the viable morphological characteristics during the performance of the operative techniques. Preservation solutions had low cost, were easy to acquire and did not offers risks to human health. Therefore, urinary bladders and small intestines fixed in 99.8% EA for 30 days and maintained in 30% SCHS at different periods were demonstrated as a good viable option as a preservation method for surgical skills training.

Ozone and its derivatives in veterinary medicine: A careful appraisal.

The therapeutic use of ozone and its derivatives in the veterinary medicine it is still in an emergent stage. Gaseous ozone chemical instability makes necessary its extemporaneous preparation and the accordance about ozone treatments with the highest quality standards in publications is of paramount importance. Moreover, the numerous method of administration in different animal species, the prevalence of case reports, the deficiency of consistent evaluation of the outcomes, as well as the lack of standardization of the treatment operating procedures represents an open question for its spreading and official approval. The keywords "ozone", "ozonated", "ozonation" "ozonized", "ozonization", "oxygen-ozone therapy", "veterinary", "pets", "animal" were used to perform a literature review using PubMed, Cochrane, Google Scholar, Zotero databases with the temporal restriction for published manuscripts starting from 2010. All the researches were critically evaluated, regardless of the impact factor, if any, of the journals in which they were presented. The deepening of the mechanisms of action of this bio-oxidative therapy can open new horizons on its use. The distinctive condition to achieve such a scenario is an improved knowledge of the qualitative/quantitative characteristics of ozone and its derivatives. All with the aim of taking nothing away to the cited original research papers, but of improving the promising therapeutic implications of ozone therapy in veterinary medicine as a standardization stimulus about this therapeutic resource with multiple application specificities.

Morphology of male and female reproductive tract of the ocelot (Leopardus pardalis).

The Ocelot (Leopardus pardalis) is the largest species of this genus, despite having broad distribution in the Americas; it is included in the main list of endangered species. Their conservation is widely studied, but there is a lack of studies about their morphology. In order to contribute to the knowledge of its reproductive system, five male and female ocelots were examined macro- and microscopically by histological techniques. Macroscopic analysis of the male reproductive system revealed presence of prostate and bulbourethral gland located caudally to the urinary bladder and a penis with small spicules. Microscopically, the testes were encased by the tunica albuginea and divided it into lobules with 5-10 tubules per lobe. In females, macroscopic analysis demonstrated two ovaries position dorsally in the sublumbar region and caudal to the kidneys. The bicornuate uterus is composed by uterine horns (12 to 14 cm in length), which travels from the ovaries in a caudal direction to form a small uterine body (4 cm in length). The ovary analysis revealed, in longitudinal section, medullary region composed of loose connective tissue, a stroma rich in blood vessels, and an external parenchymal region surrounded by a tunica albuginea. The results of the study confirmed the similarity between ocelot's reproductive system as domestic cat's ones and showing for the first time the complete morphological tool to highlight these organs and tissue in this male and female endangered wild felid specie. The present study open venue for other researchers to consider morphological and preservationist features and aimed to help at long-term conservation of wild felines.

Prevalência e fatores relacionados a transtornos mentais comuns entre professores da rede municipal de ensino, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brasil / Prevalence and factors associated to common mental disorders among municipal teachers in Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil

Introdução: O estudo sobre a associação de transtornos mentais comuns (TMC) em docentes e as condições em que seu trabalho é realizado é necessário para melhor compreender as razões de adoecimento físico e mental dessa categoria. Objetivo: Este estudo pretende estimar a prevalência de TMC em professores da rede pública de ensino fundamental de Uberlândia (MG) e associá-los a condições sociodemográficas, ambientais e laborais. Métodos: Uma amostra aleatória de 330 professores lotados em 36 escolas foi explorada neste estudo transversal. Foram utilizados dois instrumentos de coleta de dados: o General Health Questionnaire-12 (GHQ- 12) e um questionário estruturado com questões relativas aos possíveis fatores de risco e proteção no desenvolvimento de TMC. Os dados foram analisados por meio de análise bivariada e, posteriormente, por regressão logística. Resultados: Foram indicados como fatores de risco associados ao desenvolvimento de TMC o sexo feminino, vínculo efetivo de trabalho, lotação em dois turnos, experiência com violência no ambiente escolar e uso de medicamentos para distúrbios do sono. Conclusão: Os resultados apontam que a saúde mental do professor carece de cuidados e comprometimento nas ações, visto que a saúde desses profissionais afeta diretamente os ciclos de ensino-aprendizagem. A redução do absenteísmo, presenteísmo, rotatividade, aposentadorias precoces e licenças médicas diminuem os custos para o Estado e trazem benefícios que se estendem para toda a sociedade.

Background: Association analysis between common mental disorders (CMD) and working conditions is necessary to achieve a better understanding of the reasons for physical and mental illness among teachers. Objective: In the present cross-sectional study we sought to establish the prevalence of CMD among teachers in public municipal elementary schools in Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil, and its correlation with sociodemographic, environmental and occupational aspects. Methods: A random sample of 330 teachers from 36 schools responded the General Health Questionnaire-12 and a structured questionnaire designed to investigate risk and protective factors for CMD. The collected data were first subjected to bivariate, then to multiple logistic regression analysis. Results: The results indicate that the following characteristics were associated with CMD: female sex, permanent employment relationship, working double shifts, previous experience with school violence and use of sleep disorder drugs. Conclusion: We conclude that the mental health of teachers does not receive the proper attention and care even though it has direct impact on the teaching-learning cycle. Decreasing the rates of absenteeism, presenteeism, turnover, early retirement and sick leave reduces the government's costs, while positive impacts extend to society at large.

Canine fetus immune system at late development.

The immune system is mainly responsible for protecting the organism against agents that may interfere in its homeostasis. Thus, understand how this system develops and operates is very important, for create new therapies to assist this system in its operation, such as its failure. In domestic dogs, few studies show how actually occurs the development, maturation and functioning of the immune system. Therefore, this study demonstrates the development and possible activation of it on dog fetus from late gestational period by in situ and microscopic analyzes.

Prevalence and factors associated to common mental disorders among municipal teachers in Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil.

BACKGROUND: Association analysis between common mental disorders (CMD) and working conditions is necessary to achieve a better understanding of the reasons for physical and mental illness among teachers. OBJECTIVE: In the present cross-sectional study we sought to establish the prevalence of CMD among teachers in public municipal elementary schools in Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil, and its correlation with sociodemographic, environmental and occupational aspects. METHODS: A random sample of 330 teachers from 36 schools responded the General Health Questionnaire-12 and a structured questionnaire designed to investigate risk and protective factors for CMD. The collected data were first subjected to bivariate, then to multiple logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: The results indicate that the following characteristics were associated with CMD: female sex, permanent employment relationship, working double shifts, previous experience with school violence and use of sleep disorder drugs. CONCLUSION: We conclude that the mental health of teachers does not receive the proper attention and care even though it has direct impact on the teaching-learning cycle. Decreasing the rates of absenteeism, presenteeism, turnover, early retirement and sick leave reduces the government's costs, while positive impacts extend to society at large.

INTRODUÇÃO: O estudo sobre a associação de transtornos mentais comuns (TMC) em docentes e as condições em que seu trabalho é realizado é necessário para melhor compreender as razões de adoecimento físico e mental dessa categoria. OBJETIVO: Este estudo pretende estimar a prevalência de TMC em professores da rede pública de ensino fundamental de Uberlândia (MG) e associá-los a condições sociodemográficas, ambientais e laborais. MÉTODOS: Uma amostra aleatória de 330 professores lotados em 36 escolas foi explorada neste estudo transversal. Foram utilizados dois instrumentos de coleta de dados: o General Health Questionnaire-12 (GHQ-12) e um questionário estruturado com questões relativas aos possíveis fatores de risco e proteção no desenvolvimento de TMC. Os dados foram analisados por meio de análise bivariada e, posteriormente, por regressão logística. RESULTADOS: Foram indicados como fatores de risco associados ao desenvolvimento de TMC o sexo feminino, vínculo efetivo de trabalho, lotação em dois turnos, experiência com violência no ambiente escolar e uso de medicamentos para distúrbios do sono. CONCLUSÃO: Os resultados apontam que a saúde mental do professor carece de cuidados e comprometimento nas ações, visto que a saúde desses profissionais afeta diretamente os ciclos de ensino-aprendizagem. A redução do absenteísmo, presenteísmo, rotatividade, aposentadorias precoces e licenças médicas diminuem os custos para o Estado e trazem benefícios que se estendem para toda a sociedade.