ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: Suicide is one of the leading causes of death, with a trend for its increase in Brazil in past decades. This study aimed to review the characteristics of suicides in Brazilian postmortem studies. METHODS: Studies investigating suicide deaths in Brazil, and based on autopsy or psychological autopsy were included. Proportions were pooled across studies with the use of random and fixed effects models. RESULTS: 6777 references were retrieved from six databases (searches up to January, 2023), and 45 studies included. In autopsy studies (k = 37, n = 16,231), substance use at toxicological analysis was found in 36.42% of cases (95% CI: 30.05-43.32), previous suicide attempts in 23.92% (95% CI: 6.73-57.78). In psychological autopsy studies (k = 8, n = 139), previous suicide attempts were reported in 28.09% (95% CI: 19.74-38.28), psychiatric conditions/symptoms in 90.67% (95% CI: 67.79-97.82), family history of suicidality in 21.33% (95% CI: 13.5-32.03). Most suicide deaths were reported in males and took place at the victim's home, hanging was the most frequent suicide method. Included studies presented significant limitations in quality assessment. CONCLUSION: Future studies should present more robust methodology, including bigger samples, the use of controls, and validated methodology.
Subject(s)
Substance-Related Disorders , Suicide, Attempted , Male , Humans , Brazil/epidemiology , Research Design , Suicidal IdeationABSTRACT
O objetivo do estudo foi testar os critérios da técnica de Análise de Conteúdo Baseada em Critérios (Criteria-Based Content Analysis - CBCA) em relatos comuns de adultos, visando verificar quais critérios são mais frequentes em relatos verdadeiros. Foram realizadas 46 entrevistas com relato livre e perguntas abertas com adultos a partir de 18 anos e escolaridade mínima de ensino médio, propondo-se 3 tarefas: 2 relatos (um verdadeiro e um falso) e a aplicação da Escala Fatorial de Neuroticismo - EFN. Na análise das entrevistas, observou-se que os critérios "5: Descrições de interações" e "8: Detalhes não usuais" são significativamente mais presentes nos relatos verdadeiros. Os itens significativos para a verificação da credibilidade do testemunho poderão ser futuramente utilizados em novas pesquisas que explorem a análise das versões apresentadas à perícia criminal oficial durante a reprodução simulada dos fatos, após serem testados, em novas pesquisas específicas frente à veracidade na técnica pericial.
The aim of the research was to test the criteria of the Criteria-Based Content Analysis - CBCA technique in common reports of adults to ascertain which are the most frequent in true reports. Forty six free reports and open questions interviews with adults with minimum age of 18 years and at least high school education were made. Three tasks were proposed: to tell two stories (one true and one false) and to answer the Factorial Scale of Neuroticism - EFN. The analysis of the interviews showed that criteria "5: description of interactions" and "8: non-usual details" were significantly more frequent in true reports. The significant items for checking the credibility of the testimony can be further explored in new research to explore the analysis of the versions presented to the crime scene investigators during reconstruction, after being tested in specific new research on expert technical veracity.
