[EFFECT OF PROPRANOLOL ON CYTOKINE PROFILE IN AN EXPERIMENTAL MODEL OF HUMAN T LYMPHOCYTES (JURKAT CELLS) IN VITRO].

In this research, in order to establish the role of neuroendocrine mechanisms in the processes of immunomodulation, the effect of propranolol on the cytokine profile in an experimental model of human T lymphocytes (Jurkat cells) in vitro was investigated. Jurkat cells were incubated under standard conditions. Stimulation of the Jurkat cells was performed by incubation with Phytohemagglutinin (PHA) (50 µg/ml) in the presence of propanonol (10-4 M) and without it at 370 for 24 hours. The cytokine profile (IL-2, IL-10, IFN-γ) in intact and PHA-stimulated Jurkat cells, incubated with and without ß-adrenergic receptor antagonist propanonol, was examined by ELISA. The production of IL-2, IL-10 and IFN-γ in intact Jurkat cells was very low; in PHA-stimulated Jurkat cells, the production of IL-2, IL-10 and IFN-γ was markedly increased (p<0.05). Propranolol significantly reduced the production of IL-2, IL-10 and IFN-γ in PHA-stimulated Jurkat cells (p<0.05). Cytokine production (IL-2, IL-10, IFN-γ) did not change significantly after exposure to propranolol on intact Jurkat cells, which indicates that the inhibitory effect of propranolol on cytokine secretion in PHA-stimulated Jurkat cells is not due to the cytotoxic effect of propranolol on cells , but the result of its specific inhibitory activity. The results of the study allow us to conclude that in order to regulate the functional activity of lymphocytes during various diseases, it is necessary to take into account an autoregulatory mechanisms that ensure the interaction of immune cells with the mediators of the nervous and endocrine systems, maintaining the homeostasis of these systems and regulating the immune response.

[SELECTIVE EFFICACY OF GEORGIAN LEGUME EXTRACTS ON JURKAT AND MDCK CELLS].

The goal of our study was to establish the anti- proapoptotic activity of the common in Georgia crops on the Jurkat and MDCK cells. Extracts of various varieties of beans (Tirkmela, Batumi meadow, Shulavera, Udelebi, as well as green peas, Lens Culinaris lentils, soy beans) were added to the intact or incubated under oxidative stress conditions Jurkat and MDCK cells. Cell viability (apoptosis intensity) was determined by a cell proliferative activity test (MTT test). Correlation and statistical analysis of ANOVA was performed using the package (SPSS version 11.0). In the presented study the selective effectiveness of extracts with different antioxidant activity on intact and incubated under oxidative stress Jurkat and MDCK cells was revealed, related with different sensitivity of cells to the oxidative stress. In normal MDCK epithelial cells, resistant to redox-active factors (H2O2), inverse relationship between the intensity of apoptosis and the antiradical potential of the extract was found; in leukemia transformated Jurkat cells, characterized by high sensitivity to oxidants (H2O2), a violation of the redox-dependent anti-apoptotic cell protection mechanisms was revealed, which is manifested by the absence of regularity of the cytoprotective / cytotoxic effects of the extracts on intact and incubated cells under oxidative stress conditions. These results can be used in the development of schemes of anti-tumor and anti-inflammatory therapy.

FRENCH MARIGOLD (TAGETES PATULA L.) FLOWER EXTRACT PROTECTS KIDNEY CELLS FROM INFLAMMATION IN VITRO.

The aim of our study is to evaluate the mechanisms of anti-inflammatory property of Tagetes patula L. (French Marigold) flower extracts and its protective effect on renal epithelium against uropathogenic E. coli infection. Thus, in this study, a number of in vitro assays were performed to evaluate the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of Tagetes patula L flower extract (water soluble part of French Marigold flower, extracted with chloroform). MTT assay was performed to determine the effect of French Marigold flower extract on cell viability in MDCK cells activated with 100ng/mL of LPS. We investigated the effect of Tagetes patula L. extract on LPS-stimulated levels of NO and TNF-α production by Griess reaction based colorimetric assay and ELISA respectively. Also, we analyzed content of the French Marigold flower extract by HPLC. Our results demonstrated that TPE protected MDCK cells and increased their viability. Also, TPE had a strong inhibitory effect on NO secretion. These effects were due to inhibition of TNF-α induced pro-apoptotic pathway. The Tagetes patula L extract represents a rich source of lutein and its antioxidant property can be caused by lutein. Our results suggest that TPE could be developed as an anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory agent derived from natural products.

[IMPACT OF LIPOSOMAL VITAMIN C AND VITAMIN E COMPLAX ON NORMAL AND TUMOR CELLS].

In order to assess the possibility of using liposomes to stabilize various antioxidant compounds, we investigated the effect of liposomes (1,2-palmitoyl-phosphatidic acid (DPPA) and dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC)) on the effectiveness of antioxidants, hydrophilic vitamin C and lipophilic vitamin E, in model systems of normal epithelial MDCK cells and tumor Jurkat T cells. The effect of vitamins C, E and (C + E) in combination with DPPC and DPPA liposomes on Jurkat and MDCK cells depends on the dissolution or integration of these liposomes with hydrophobic sections of the cellular membrane, as well as the subsequent release of vitamins from liposomes. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that the studied liposomes can modulate the effects of C and E vitamins on normal and tumor cells. These data can be used to study the possible selective regulation of the activity of various hydrophobic and hydrophilic antioxidants on normal and tumor cells, which is especially important for creating antitumor drugs, as well as effective radioprotectors that protect healthy tissues from radiation damage during radiotherapy.

[EVALUATION OF THE COMPARATIVE TOXICITY OF VARIOUS MATERIALS FOR DENTAL PROSTHETICS ON CELL CULTURE MODELS].

Difficulties in repairing the defects of the teeth are related with allergic-inflammatory, traumatic and dystrophic complications arising from the interaction of the foreign body with the mucous tissues of the oral cavity after the patient's prosthesis is established. The aim of our study was to establish the toxic pro-inflammatory activity of materials used for the manufacturing of bases of removable dentures - plastics based on polymethylmethacrylate prosthetic complexes Prothyl Hot, Ftorax and Perflex Flexi Nylon on the model of human leukemia transformed T cells (Jurkat cells) and MDCK cells. For the cells simulation Jurkat and MDCK cells was incubated with the components of prosthetic materials, Prothyl Hot, Ftorax and Perflex Flexi Nylon/ Prosthetic materials were added to the incubation medium at the doses used in practice (calculated at 106 cells); duration of incubation was 24 hours. A comparative assessment of the toxicity of prosthetic materials was determined by the MTT test (activity of mitochondrial dehydrogenases). Statistical analysis was carried out using the package (SPSS version 11.0). The statistical reliability of the difference between the indices was evaluated by the Student t test (the P <0.05 level was considered reliable). The results of the conducted studies testify to the absence of toxicity of the complexes Prothyl Hot, Ftorax and Perflex Flexi Nylon, used as a basis of circuit prostheses, on intact Jurkat and MDCK cells, as evidenced by the stability of their mitochondrial dehydrogenases. Based on the analysis of the conducted studies, it can be concluded, that as Jurkat and MDCK cells are used as models of immune and epithelial cells, the materials used for manufacturing of removable prostheses, the polymethylmethacrylate-based plastics (Prothyl Hot and Ftorax) and elastic thermoplastic polymer material Perflex Flexi Nylon, are not toxic. Studied materials, with the high probability, are not capable to cause massive death of immune cells, development of allergic or inflammatory damages, which in turn can stat cause the development of stomatitis and gingivitis, the destruction of the paradental tissue.

ANTIOXIDANT, ANTI-INFLAMMATORY ACTIVITY OF GEORGIAN LEGUMINOUS CROPS CULTURES.

The aim of the study was to identify the common in Georgia leguminous crops culture with pronounced antioxidant, anti-inflammatory activity. The primary evaluation of the antiinflammatory effects of beans was performed on the experimental models of MDCK and Jurkat cells model systems. Extracts of various varieties of legumes (Beans "Kidney", Meadow beans, Beans Shulavera, Batumian beans, Beans "Udelebi", green peas, peas Shulavera, lentils Lens Culinaris, Soy) were added to the intact or incubated under oxidative stress conditions Jurkat and MDCK cells. Cells' vitality was determined by MTT test. On the basis of analysis of the obtained results, we concluded that: - Meadow beans extract (low doses) revealed cytoprotective effect on the intact and incubated under oxidative stress conditions immune (Jurkat) and epithelial (MDCK) cells. High antioxidant, cytoprotective activity of this extract correlates with high polyphenols content in it. - The extract of Shulavera beans did affect the intact Jurkat and MDCK cells, but showed pronounced cytoprotective activity on these cells incubated under the oxidative stress conditions. High antioxidant, cytoprotective activity of this extract correlates with high content of polyphenols in it. - Low dose of lentils Lens Culinaris extracts revealed cytoprotective activity on the incubated under oxidative stress conditions MDCK cells, but was inactive in case of intact MDCK and incubated in different conditions immune Jurkat cells. The selective antioxidant activity of this extract is related with its other constituent components, but not polyphenols. - Despite high polyphenols content and high antioxidant activity in vivo, Batumian beans revealed moderate cytoprotective activity on intact and incubated under oxidative stress conditions Jurkat cells, suppressive activity on the intact MDCK cells and was inactive in relation to the incubated under oxidative stress conditions MDCK cells. Based on these findings, we can identify extracts with selective protective, anti-inflammatory (Meadow beans, Shulavera beans extracts), cytoprotective (lentil Lens Culinaris extract) and immunomodulatory (Butumian bean extract) properties. Further studies are needed to identify and verify the mechanisms of activity of these Extracts in order to develop effective selective dietary supplements.

BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY OF GREEN TEA EXTRACTS.

The purpose of our study was to determine effects of green tea extracts on the Jurkat cells incubated under oxidative stress conditions. The research was conducted on leukemic human mature T cells (Jurkat cells). For the modelling of oxidative stress 30% hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) (Sigma) (10 µl, 25 µl 50 µl and 100 µl) was added to Jurkat cell suspension with subsequent incubation for 4, 6, 8 and 24 h. Control group was represented by intact Jurkat cells. The assessment of cells proliferation activity (viability) was performed by MTT test. The viability of Jurkat cells incubated for 24 hours under acquit oxidative stress conditions dose-depenently, monotonically decreased (irreversibly at 100 µM of H2O2 and reaches the 30% of intact Jurkat cells viability level at 50 µM of H2O2). Low doses of H2O2 (10 µl, 25 µl H2O2) revealed cytotoxicity only within short term (8 hours) of the incubation, afterward the viability of Jurkat cells monotonically increased and after 24 hours it reached 43% and 56% of control level, respectively. Vitamins C and E revealed cytotoxic effect on intact Jurkat cells, while the C+V vitamins complex induced 2-fold stimulation of Jurkat cells viability. Under a moderate oxidative stress condition (25 µl of H2O2) the complex of C + E vitamins revealed cytoprotective effect on Jurkat cells which may be related to ability of vitamin C to induce regeneration and to transform E vitamin tocopheroxyl free radicals into tocopherol. Green tea had no effect, green tea catechins revealed stimulatory effect, while green tea pectin - weak cytotoxic effect on intact Jurkat cells. Green tea and especially extracted catechins (but not pectin) revealed stimulatory effect on the viability of the Jurkat cells incubated under an oxidative stress condition. Our study results confirm the opinion that the natural compounds (green tea extracts) are harmless for normal cellular metabolism. Their differential effects on the "diseased", incubated under an oxidative stress cells are mediated via impact on signaling regulatory systems. On the basis of screening of green tea extracts it will be possible to select new high effective cytotoxic and cytoprotective compounds.

IMPACT OF LASER THERAPY ON THE PROLIFERATION OF VARIOUS CULTURED CELLS.

The purpose of our study was to establish the laser effects on the epithelial tissue and immune metabolism. The research was conducted on human leukemic mature T cells (Jurkat cells) (DSMZ-Deutshe Sammulung von Mikroorganismen und Zellkulturen (Germany)) and MDCK cell line (Lugar Laboratory, Tbilisi, Georgia). Cells were radiated by Laser device "ОПТОДАН"- АЛСТ-01 (power 5 W) 3 -7 days (4 minutes per day). With the aim to model oxidative stress-induced apoptosis, 30% hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) (Sigma) is added to Jurkat cells, in doses 25 and 50µM [4, 5]; and MDCK cells, in doses 400 and 800 µM [19] added to incubation suspension with subsequent incubation for 24, 48 and 72 hrs. Control group is represented by intact Jurkat and MDCK cells. MTT test was used to assess the cells' proliferation activity (viability). Statistical analyses of the obtained results were performed by SPSS (version 10.0) program package. Our research results show that effects of laser therapy on proliferation of cell cultures depend on the type of cells and incubation conditions. Laser irradiation revealed equal efficacy in both types of the intact cells and increased their viability in time-dependent manner. Jurkat cells turned out to be more susceptible to oxidative stress. Laser therapy only slightly improved their viability at moderate intensity of oxidative stress and proved to be ineffective in strong oxidative stress conditions. The MDCK cells appeared to be more sustainable to oxidative stress; significant changes in these cells viability were observed only when high doses of hydrogen peroxide were added to their incubation medium. Thus, laser therapy was effective for these cells incubated in both regimens of oxidative stress. Our research results prove the efficacy of laser therapy use during periodontitis with the aim to recover epithelium in the oral cavity and to modulate immune metabolism in the patient's body.

ESTROGEN RELATED MECHANISMS OF HYPERTENSION IN MENOPAUSAL WOMEN.

The aim of our investigation was to establish the role of estrogens in the pathogenesis of hypertension during menopause. Menopausal women (40-55 years) with hypertension who had been admitted to "The N. Kipshidze Central University Clinic" (Tbilisi, Georgia) during 2011-2015 and without hypertension were investigated. Essential hypertension was defined as elevated blood pressure while in a sitting position, exceeding 160±10/90±10 mm Hg 60/95 mm Hg, for three consecutive measurements over a period of at least 4 weeks. Determination and verification of menopause was provided based on the criteria of at least 12 months of amenorrhea. All the patients had given their informed consent before any procedure. Study protocol was approved by Local Ethical Committee of Davit Agmashenebeli University. In each group blood content of estradiol, free nitric oxide (NO) and nitrosilated hemoglobin (HbNO), endothelin-1 and angiotensin II (ANG) were investigated. Decrease free nitric oxide (NO) (by 10%) and increase in endothelin-1 (by 14%) and Angiotensin II (ANG) (by 12%) content in the blood of menopausal women with hypertension were identified. In some patients with hypertension it was detected low intensity of NOHb EPR signal in blood (~1,5±0,07 mm/mg). In blood of hypertensive postmenopausal women there was revealed statistically significant correlation between estrogen level and NO content (r=-0,7935, p=0,0061), estrogen level and ANG II content (r=-0,7080, p=0,0328), statistically nonsignificant dependence between NOHb EPR signal intensity and estradiol content (r=-0,29, p=0,12). In normotensive postmenopausal women correlation between blood estrogen and NO level, blood estrogen and ANGII level was not statistically significant (r=-0,4342, p=0,2429; r=-0,2676, p=0,4547). These data indicate that in postmenopausal women in the regulation of arterial pressure in addition to the estrogens involve other factors, like as was shown in our previous investigation, oxidative stress. The results of our studies indicate on the complexity mechanisms of hypertension in postmenopausal women. Identification of these factors, including their cause-effect relations, is necessary for the timely prevention and effective correction of hypertension in postmenopausal women.

[Progesterone - regulator of T-lymphocytes cytotoxicity].

Progesterone plays important the role in the regulation of the immune system during pregnancy. We examined the effect of progesterone on the cytotoxic activity of T-lymphocytes in a model system Jurkat cells. Jurkat cells were stimulated with 50 µg/ml of phytohemaglutinin A (PHA) at 370C for 5 minutes. Then, PHA was removed by centrifugation, the cells were washed and cultured for 24 hours alone or with progesterone (added to the incubation medium of Jurkat cells at a concentration of 0.07 and 0.7 µl. Determined value of The parameters of mitochondrial membrane potential (by flow cytometry) and parameters of mitochondrial oxidative metabolism (the rate of generation of superoxide and peroxide radicals and activity of mitochondrial superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutatinperoxidase, the degree of nitrosylation of mitochondrial electron-transport proteins (by method of electron paramagnetic resonance and spectrophotometry) were determined. It was identified the lowering effect of high dose of progesterone (0.7µl) on the value of mitochondrial membrane potential (balancing percentage of cells with high and low values of mitochondrial potential and decreased intensity of oxidative stress in mitogen - activated Jurkat cells, which supports inhibition of their proliferation and differentiation activity.

ß2-adrenergic regulation of T lymphocites function (in vitro study).

The aim of our study was to establish the influence of ß2AR agonists and antagonists on Th1/Th2 subpopulation balance in intact and activated CD4+ T lymphocyte. Jurkat leukemic T cell line was used as a model for studying T cell activation conditions under the influence of ß2AR ligands. As follows from the results of our studies, after the influence of ß2AR agonist isoproterenol on intact Jurkat cells expression of IL-2 was not changed in comparison to control level. Under the PHA-stimulation level of IL-2 production in Jurkat cells increased significantly; isoproterenol caused decrease level of IL-2 expression in the PHA-stimulated Jurkat cells. Adding of ß2AR antagonist propranolol to the Jurkat cells pre-incubated with isoproterenol didn't change expression of IL-2. ß2AR antagonist propranolol induced slight increase of IL-2 expression in PHA-stimulated Jurkat cells pre-incubated with isoproterenol. Neither isoproterenol nor propranolol didn't change intensity of IL-10 expression in intact Jurkat cells. In the PHA-stimulated Jurkat cells level of IL-10 production decreased in comparison to control level. Isoproterenol induced sharp intensification of IL-10 expression in these cells. Propranolol prevented increase of IL-10 expression in the PHA-stimulated Jurkat cells pre-incubated with ß2AR agonist. It was concluded that ß2ARs in dose-dependent manner regulate cytokine profile in intact and mitogen activated CD4+ T lymphocyte and by this way induce dose-dependent alterations of lymphocyte proliferation and immune response. This indicated existence of a link among immune response and sympathetic nervous system activity.

[The role of neuroendocrine mediators in regulatory activity of T-cells].

The aim of the study was to establish the role of some neuroendocrine mediators (agonists and antagonists of ß-adrenergic receptors, progesterone) in regulating T-cells activity. Studies conducted on the culture of leukemiatransformed T-cells (Jurkat cells) (DSMZ-Deutshe Sammulung von Mikroorganismen und Zellkulturen (Germany)). Jurkat Cells (4 x 105 cells/ml) stimulated with 50 µg/ml fitogemaglutinin A (PHA) at 370С for 5 minutes and then incubated for 24 hours alone, or together with ß- adrenergic receptors agonist izopretonolom (at dose of 10-5 M, 10-6 M), an antagonist, propranolol (dose of 10-5 M, 10-6 M) and progesterone (dose 0,07 µl, 0,7 µl) added to the incubation medium. The viability of Jurkat cells was determined by MTT test. It was shown that ß-adlenoretseptors agonist, izoprotenol didn't affect the activity of mitochondrial dehydrogenases in intact and contributed to their low activation (12%) in the mitogen-activated Jurkat cells. ß-adrenergic receptors antagonist, propranolol, promotes a significant reduction in activity of mitochondrial dehydrogenases, and hence the viability of both intact (40-60%) and mitogen stimulated Jurkat cells (20-40%). Viability of intact Jurkat cells didn't change, and dose-dependently increased in PHA-stimulated Jurkat cells during progesterone exposure. It was concluded that viability of the T-cells and hence their functional activity is largely sensitive to the influence of the ß-adrenoceptor antagonists and progesterone. These data should be considered in the clinical application of appropriate drugs.

Alteration in viability and proliferation activity of mitogen stimulated Jurkat cells.

The aim of our study was the establishment of mechanisms of alterations in viability and mitogen stimulated T lymphocyte proliferation activity. In PHA-stimulated Jurkat cells along with increased proliferation level the reduction of mitochondrial dehydrogenases activity (by 20%) and rising number of cells with low mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) was revealed. It was concluded that interaction of mitogen (PHA) with T cells receptors (TCR) contributes reduction activity of mitochondrial NADH-dehydrogenase (via phospolipasa C-diacilglicerol (PLC-DAG)-induced PKCs (PKCα, PKCθ) activation pathway). Supression activity of I complex (NADH-dehydrogenase) of mitochondrial respiratory chain and reduction of mitochondrial membrane potencial (ΔΨm) is accompanied with intensification of superoxide radicals production. Superoxide radicals as secondary messengers involve in the induction of T cells viability and proliferative activity regulating genes (CD95L and IL-2) and by this way contribute modification of cell proliferation and apoptosis intensity.

[Cell death in Jurkat cells induced by oxygen/nitrogen stress].

The maintenance of balance between lymphocyte proliferation and lymphocyte death is extremely important for normal functioning of the immune system. Considering essential role of nitrogen and oxygen radicals in functioning of immune competent cells, we studied the mechanisms of cell death induced by nitrogen/oxygen stress on the model of Jurkat cell line. We have observed that hyperproduction of reactive oxygen in Jurkat cells incubated with hydrogen peroxide contributes to the activation of membrane peroxidation, to a decrease in the intensity of apoptosis and its replacement by more severe mechanism of cell death - necrosis, which is obviously conditioned by a dramatic decrease in the intensity of energogenesis in mitochondria. In cells incubated with sodium nitroprusside moderate NO-induced inhibition of electron transport in oxidative chain and mitochondrial energogenesis and intensification of oxidative stress in Jurkat cells is accompanied with the activation of the cell death mechanisms- both apoptosis and necrosis.

[Pharmacological activity of dihydroflavonol glycoside isolated from the plant Eupatorium micranthum Less].

The aim of the work was the investigation of pharmacological activity of unique dihydroflavonol glycoside, micranthoside, extracted from the leaves Eupatorium micranthum Less. introduced into Georgia. Mature human T-cell leukemia cell lines (Jurkat) were analyzed in the study under the modeled oxidative stress. For modelling of oxidative stress 30% hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) (Sigma) (100 microM) was added to Jurkat cell incubation suspension with subsequent incubation for 24, 48 h. Under the effect of H(2)O(2) there was significant elevation of superoxide and peroxyl radical levels, as well as free NO levels, and reduced antioxidant enzyme SOD activity. It was shown that dihydroflavonol glycoside, micranthoside, extragated from Eupatorium micranthum Less., has marked antioxidant properties, it inhibits hyperproduction of reactive oxygen species, and protects cells against oxidative damage, stimulates cell proliferation and inhibits necrosis in cell line.

[Composite herbal medicine paradon--modulator of apoptosis induced by nitrogen-oxygen stress].

Apoptosis is a mechanism that regulates the quantity and the quality of cells and provides the maintenance of body homeostasis. Disregularion of apoptosis may result in severe diseases. In this regard there is an urgent need in medicine, which modulates apoptosis. The purpose of the present research was to study the effect of composite herbal medicine Paradon on the intensity of apoptosis induced by nitrogen-oxygen stress. The research has been conducted on the intensively proliferating leukemia - transformed T cells (Jurkat cells). Medicinal preparation Paradon revealed proliferative - stimulating effect, antioxidant effect on Jurkat cells, incubated with oxygen and nitrogen free radical donors (hydrogen peroxide (Sigma) and sodium nitroprusside (Naniprus, Sopharma)). Paradon - through the recovery of energoproducing system activity reduces the intensity of necrosis, induced by nitrogen-oxygen stress, and replaces it with more mild mechanism of cell death - apoptosis.

[Plaferon lb as a protector of radioinducible disorder].

As it is known, p-53-dependent apoptosis is the cause of the radiosensitive cells' rapid death during the first ours after gamma-irradiation. It is considered, that short time suppression of the function of p-53 may decrease injury of normal tissue. The aim of our study was the determination of the effectiveness and possible mechanisms of radioprotective features of plaferon LB. It was found that plaferon LB provides correction of content and function of nitric oxide in hepatocytes during gamma-irradiation and that may be induced by its antioxidant capabilities. By the correction of oxidative metabolism plaferon LB decreases intensity of postradiation alterations. The restriction of intensification of nitric oxide synthesis after irradiation also results in decreasing of iNOS expression. Plaferon LB induces reduction of oxidative stress in the organism, also provides NO-modulatory activity. Increase of proapoptotic activity of p-53 is due to NO-stimulated DNA-dependent protein kinase and p-38 mitogen activated protein kinase. It may be concluded that during gamma-irradiation the preliminary influence of plaferon LB provides prevention of hyperproduction of nitric oxide and by this way promotes suppression of NO-inducible activation of p-53-induced apoptosis.

[Cytogenetic effects of irradiation in the kidney epithelial cells of monkeys and the possible use of these data for evaluating the level of chromosome aberrations in the kidneys of people exposed to irradiation]. / Tsitogeneticheskie éffekty oblucheniia v épitelial'nykh kletkakh pochek obez'ian i vozmozhnosti ispol'zovaniia étikh dannykh dlia otsenki urovnia aberratsii khromosom v pochkakh u lits, podvergshikhsia oblucheniiu.

Data are presented on somatic radiation-induced mutagenesis in epithelial kidney cells of monkeys. Chromosome aberrations in kidney cells of monkeys can serve as an index for the evaluation of human kidney state in the course of radiotherapy.

[Tetraploidy in the epithelial cells of monkey kidneys subjected to exposure to various radiation dosages in vitro and in vivo. III]. / Tetraploidiia v épitelial'nykh kletkakh pochek obez'ian, podverg-nutykh vozdeistviiu raznykh doz radiatsii in vitro, in vivo. Soobshchenie III.

Tetraploidy was found in 3- and 5-day cultures of monkey kidney epithelial cells irradiated with various X-ray doses at G0. At the G0 stage the portion of simple and complex tetraploid cells was determined in the monkey kidney epithelium after the whole body 60Co gamma-irradiation, 620-660 R.