The difference in symmetry of the enamel defects in celiac disease versus non-celiac pediatric population.

BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: Dental enamel defects are related to celiac disease and the dentists are in a perfect situation to identify and report suspected cases. The aim was to evaluate the symmetry of enamel defects in a pediatric Portuguese population with celiac disease and compare it with healthy controls. MATERIALS AND METHODS: a case-control study was performed in 80 patients with celiac disease and 80 healthy individuals aged 6-18 years old as controls. Data was collected by a questionnaire and clinical observation. Colour, type, and site of enamel defects were recorded and classified according to Aine criteria. Data analysis was performed, and any p-value <0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS: Enamel defects were found in 55% of patients with celiac disease and 27.5% in the control individuals (p < 0.001). Grade I of Aine's classification was the most found in both groups, but it was higher in the celiac disease group, not only in the permanent dentition, but also in both dentitions with statistically significant difference (p = 0.002 and p = 0.001 respectively). Grade II was found only in the celiac disease group. It was observed that enamel defects in celiac disease were symmetric and the most affected teeth were the first permanent molars (p = 0.003) and the permanent incisors (p = 0.001). CONCLUSION: Symmetric dental enamel defects in population with celiac disease are more predominant than in general population. Therefore, individuals with enamel defects, especially those with symmetric lesions, should be well evaluated and the possibility of having celiac disease in the clinical history must be taken into account.

Dental hypomineralization treatment: A systematic review.

INTRODUCTION: Defects in the maturation stage of amelogenesis result in a normal volume of enamel but insufficient mineralization, called hypomineralization. Molar-incisor hypomineralization (MIH), amelogenesis imperfecta and dental fluorosis (DF) are examples of such defects. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness of the treatments applied to the different forms of dental hypomineralization. MATERIALS AND METHODS: PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and Embase were screened. The research was limited to studies published in English, Spanish, and Portuguese, until May 30, 2018. The research question was formulated following the Population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcome strategy. The quality of the methodology of each article was evaluated employing the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews. RESULTS: From the initial research, 7895 references were obtained, of which 33 were included in the systematic review. The following treatments were reported: desensitizing and remineralizing products, resin infiltration, restorations, fissure sealants, tooth bleaching, enamel microabrasion and calcium, and vitamins supplements. CONCLUSIONS: Although the results are suggestive, there is a clear need for a greater uniformity of the methodologies, thus allowing for the development of clinical guidelines. Nevertheless, it was possible to identify several effective treatments for teeth with MIH (arginine pastes or fluoride varnishes) and DF (tooth bleaching and/or enamel microabrasion). CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Because MIH, amelogenesis imperfecta, and DF are commonly seen in dental daily practice, it is extremely important to analyze the literature regarding its treatment.

Oral Manifestations in Pediatric Patients with Coeliac Disease - A Review Article.

BACKGROUND: Coeliac disease is a chronic enteropathy that remains a challenge for the clinician, due to its atypical manifestations and etiopathogenic complexity. OBJECTIVE: This article intends to describe the oral characteristics of Coeliac Disease in children in order to facilitate their management in the dental office. METHODS: A review of the literature was performed electronically in PubMed (PubMed Central, and MEDLINE) for articles published in English from 2000 to April of 2017. The article is also based on the authors' clinical experience with children with coeliac disease. The searched keywords were "coeliac disease ","oral manifestations ", "dental enamel defects", "recurrent aphthous stomatitis" and "oral aphthous ulcers". RESULTS: There are some oral manifestations which are strictly related to coeliac disease: dental enamel defects, recurrent aphthous stomatitis, delayed tooth eruption, multiple caries, angular cheilitis, atrophic glossitis, dry mouth and burning tongue. CONCLUSION: The complete knowledge of the oral manifestations of coeliac disease can trigger an effective change in the quality of life of the patients with this disease.

Prevalence and distribution of tooth agenesis in a pediatric population:a radiographic study / Prevalência e distribuição de agenesias dentárias em pacientes pediátricos: um estudo radiográfico

Objective: The purpose of this study was to assess the prevalence of hypodontia and its distribution by sex, arch and quadrant, through the analysis of panoramic radiographs from the pediatric population of the Faculty of Dentistry of the University of Oporto, in Portugal. Methods: Panoramic radiographs of 1,438 patients of the Faculty of Dentistry of the University of Oporto (714 boys and 724 girls between the ages of 6 and 15) were evaluated to determine the occurrence and distribution of tooth agenesis. Chi-square and Fisher?s Exact Tests were performed. The level of significance was set at 5%. Results: The prevalence of hypodontia was 8% (excluding the third molar). Hypodontia was found in the mandible of 74 patients (64.3%). The most commonly missing teeth were the mandibular second premolars (28.6%). The maxilla had 52.3% of the dental agenesis detected. Similarity in the distribution of missing teeth between left and right sides of the dental arches was also detected. The prevalence of oligodontia was 0.42% and the average number of missing teeth per affected child was 2.31. There were no statistically significant differences between sexes. Conclusion: In a pediatric population of 1,438 patients, the prevalence of hypodontia was 8% (excluding the third molar). The results are consistent with those previously described in different populations.

Objetivo: Realizar um estudo epidemiológico sobre as agenesias dentárias, através da análise radiográfica de uma população pediátrica da Faculdade de Medicina Dentária da Universidade do Porto, definindo a sua prevalência e conhecendo a sua distribuição por sexo, arcada e quadrante. Métodos: As radiografias panorâmicas de 1.438 pacientes da Faculdade de Medicina Dentária da Universidade do Porto (714 do sexo masculino e 724 do sexo feminino, de idades compreendidas entre os 6 e os 15 anos) foram analisadas para determinar a ocorrência e distribuição de agenesias dentárias. A análise estatística foi realizada através da aplicação do Teste do Qui-quadrado de independência e do Teste Exato de Fisher, utilizando o nível de significância de 5%. Resultados: A prevalência de hipodontia foi de 8,0% (excluindo o 3º molar). Foram identificados 74 pacientes (64,3%) com agenesias na mandíbula. Ospré-molares inferiores foram os dentes com maior frequência de agenesia (28,6%). A maxila continha 52,3% das agenesias detetadas. Não foi detetada diferença estatisticamente significativa entre o lado esquerdo e direito das arcadas. A prevalência de oligodontia foi de 0,42% e obteve-se uma média de 2,31 dentes ausentes por paciente afetado. Não se encontraram diferenças estatisticamente significativas na variávelsexo. Conclusão: Numa população de 1438 pacientes pediátricos, 8,0% apresentaram agenesias dentárias (excluindo o 3º molar). Os resultados obtidos enquadram-se nos anteriormente descritos em diferentes populações.