[Analysis of mortality time series in malignant lung tumors and its future trends]. / Analýza casových rad úmrtnosti na zhoubné novotvary plic a trendy budoucího vývoje.

Time series of standardized mortality from malignant neoplasms of the trachea, bronchi and lungs in 1965 to 1986 were examined by a group of programmes for computer supported prognoses. Czechoslovak data were compared with those from Austria, Sweden and England and Wales. Extrapolation of time series revealed conclusively that the development in Czechoslovak men is alarming. While in all compared countries there was in recent years a declining mortality, in Czechoslovakia the mortality is rising despite the fact that it is already highest among the compared countries. In women the position is less adverse, as due to the substantially lower absolute values in all compared countries, the values of standardized mortality in Sweden and England rise in an exponential manner, while in Czechoslovakia the increase is linear. From the prognosis ensues thus quite unequivocally that the development in Czechoslovakia in men is absolutely and relatively very unfavourable and in women relatively favourable.

[Desmoid fibromatosis in absorption infrared spectroscopy, emission spectral analysis and roentgen diffraction recording]. / Desmoidní fibromatóza v absorpcní infracervené spektroskopii, emisní spektrální analýze a v rentgenovém difrakcním záznamu.

The authors present results of serial quality and quantity microanalyses of bone patterns and dental tissue patterns in patient with desmoid fibromatosis. Methods of absorption spectroscopy, emission spectral analysis and X-ray diffraction analysis with follow-up to x-ray examination are tested. The above mentioned methods function in a on-line system by means of specially adjusted monitor unit which is controlled centrally by the computer processor system. The whole process of measurement is fully automated and the data obtained are recorded processed in the unit data structure classified into index sequence blocks of data. Serial microanalyses offer exact data for the study of structural changes of dental and bone tissues which manifest themselves in order of crystal grid shifts. They prove the fact that microanalyses give new possibilities in detection and interpretation of chemical and structural changes of apatite cell.

[Hypercalcemia in bronchogenic carcinoma]. / Hyperkalcémie u bronchogenního karcinomu.

In a population of 621 patients with morphologically proven bronchogenic carcinoma the rate of hypercalcaemia in particular morphologic types of bronchogenic carcinoma was ascertained during the establishment of diagnosis. Regardless of type, there were 10.3% of hypercalcaemic patients in the whole population. Hypercalcaemia was found most frequently in epidermoid carcinoma (10.98%), followed by adenocarcinoma (10.51%), small cell carcinoma (10.11%) and undifferentiated carcinoma (9.72%). In the group of 19 large cell carcinomas the hypercalcaemia was not established. Except large cell carcinoma, the differences among the groups were not statistically significant.

Regional response of lymphatic tissue in bronchogenic cancer.

The limiting factors in the treatment of bronchogenic cancer consist, from the bronchological point of view, in the possibility to estimate the advanced macromorphological stage of the disease with the determination of the degree of the affection of regional intrathoracic nodes. By the perbronchial route it is possible to obtain also a sufficient amount of material from unaffected nodes for purposes of testing their function. The testing of the spontaneous E-rosette formation is shortened, with the use of this method, by three quarters of an hour, but the possibility of obtaining a sufficient quantity of lymphocytes by the perbronchial puncture with the use of a fine needle is on average smaller than 50% in all types of bronchogenic cancer. It will be probably possible to introduce gradually also other immunological and biochemical methods of testing the function of the regional lymphatic tissue, as confirmed by the authors' experiences with immunological and biochemical investigations of bronchial washings with the use of 4 ml of the saline washing liquid. Experiences are thus far only preliminary and not unequivocal. Different alkaline under study, with better treatment results in patients treated with Cis-Platine, indicate phosphatase levels in patients with Penberol and Cis-Platine monotherapy in the series under study, with better treatment results in patients treated with Cis-Platine, indicate the possibility of using a further limiting aspect of cytostatic therapy.

[Endobronchial metastases (author's transl)]. / Endobronchiale Metastasen.

The frequency of metastases of solid primary tumors into the respiratory tract is estimated to about 5% by means of bronchoscopic and bronchofibroscopic examinations. The clinical and roentgenological picture of endobronchial metastases in most cases is corresponding to that of a primary bronchial cancer. For differential diagnostics endobronchial metastases have to be delimited from primary bronchial carcinoma, from the multilocular forms of the primary bronchial carcinoma, from benign tumors and pseudotumors of the respiratory tract. The possibility of double tumors (tumorduplicity) must not be forgotten, as well. The endoscopic signs of a benign tumor endobronchially growing are described. However, only the histological or cytologic examination will give certainty. The endoscopic picture of a primary bronchial carcinoma with metastases and other possible multilocular endobronchial alterations are described. In our material the error was most frequent, that the bronchial cancer was confounded with the metastases. During the last 20 years we have observed endobronchial metastases in 22 patients with bronchoscopic methods. In 13 patients an extrapulmonary solid tumor made metastases into the bronchi, breast cancer 4 times, Grawitztumors, adenocarcinoma of the colon, carcinoma of the thymus each two times, cancer of the uterus, of the urinary bladder and the thyroid each one time. In 9 patients autochthonous metastases of a primary bronchial carcinoma were found.

Alkaline phosphatases in neoplastic diseases.

The results of determination of the activity of the liver and bone serum alkaline phosphatase isoenzyme were in complete agreement with the clinical, laboratory and gamma-radiographic findings in all 62 examined patients with neoplastic liver metastases and with the same findings in 36 out of 38 patients with bone metastases. Determination of the bone isoenzyme concurred with the radionuclear findings in 27 out of 30 patients. Thermostable serum alkaline phosphatase variants were evaluated in 136 patients. They were found in 8 out of 40 patients with a lung carcinoma and in 8 out of 13 with a primary hepatocellular carcinoma. The findings were correlated with the presence of alpha-1 fetoprotein in the serum. A thermostable variant corresponding to the Nagao isoenzyme was evaluated biochemically in a patient with a stomach carcinoma.