[Toxicological effect of a fatty acid mixture in rats]. / Toxikologische Wirkungen eines Fettsäuregemisches bei Ratten.

The effects of a fatty acids mixture containing nearly 50% odd numbered fatty acids (PC-Säure) were studied in a subchronic toxicity test in male and female rats. The animals received PC-Säure in their diet at levels of 0, 1.25, 2.5 and 5% for 13 weeks. Food intake was increased at 5% PC-Säure level in males. Food efficiency was initially decreased in males and females of this group. Ingestion of PC-Säure resulted in increases of the urine volume and the urinary lactate dehydrogenase activity in both sexes. Male and female rats fed PC-Säure showed elevated serum activities of alkaline phosphatase and leucine aminopeptidase and decreases in serum cholesterol and triglycerides. Dietary PC-Säure elevated the serum creatinine content in males at the two highest levels. A transitory increase in the activity of the serum alanine aminotransferase was observed in females fed 5% PC-Säure. Increased liver and kidney weights were found in both sexes.

[Mass spectrometric structure analysis of fatty acid mixtures from biological material after gas capillary chromatographical separation]. / Massenspektrometrische Strukturanalyse von Fettsäuregemischen aus biologischem Material nach kapillargaschromatographischer Trennung.

The identification of mixtures of fatty acids from biological materials is possible by electron impact ionization mass spectra of methyl esters after their capillary gas chromatographic separation. Mass spectra of pyrrolidine derivatives are used for the determination of double bond positions in unsaturated fatty acids. 97 different fatty acids (saturated, unsaturated, branched, cyclic, hydroxy, oxo, epoxy and methoxy) and other compounds (alkanes, halogens, phthalates, ketones, aldehydes) were identified in yeast and bacterial biomasses, lipid-containing animal tissues and human sera as well as fish and plant oils (77 preparations).

Investigation of selected toxicological parameters of gamma-pentachlorocyclohexene (gamma-PCCH).

The toxic effects of the gamma-hexachlorocyclohexane metabolite gamma-pentachlorocyclohexene (gamma-PCCH) were studied by acute and subacute (6 weeks) experiments. The investigations included cerebral convulsibility with chemoshock (Tetrazolium), reactivity with hot plate method, the learning ability with learning tests, and peripheral nervous activity (EMG). Nociceptive reaction time was not influenced, the learning process (6 weeks) was inhibited by gamma-PCCH. The conduction velocity of the peripheral nerve was decreased. At the end of the 6th week liver enlargement was found.

[The subacute toxicity of glucosylthiazolidine-4-carbonic acid in rats]. / Untersuchung der subakuten Toxizität von Glucosylthiazolidin-4-carbonsäure an Ratten.

Glucosylthiazolidine-4-carbonic acid, an intermediate of the Maillard reaction between D-glucose and L-cysteine, was given in doses of 0, 25, 50 or 100 mg/kg b.w. by oral intubation to male and female rats for 21 days. General appearance, growth, food consumption, haematology, urine analysis and serum chemistry including determinations of enzyme activities, organ weights and macroscopic and microscopic pathology were used as criteria for adverse effects. Effects on the kidneys were indicated by oliguria and decreased specific gravity of the urine in males and histopathological changes of the proximal tubules in females. The no-effect dose established from this study is 25 mg/kg b.w.

[Distribution and metabolism of azoxybenzene in the rat]. / Verteilung und Metabolismus von Azoxybenzen in der Ratte.

No sex differences could been shown after absorption and distribution of azoxybenzen in the rat. The highest level occur in the thyroid gland, the adrenals and in the fat tissues. The maximum level was reached 30 min. after application.

[The natural occurrence of odd numbered fatty acids in animals and in the human]. / Zum natürlichen Vorkommen ungeradzahliger Fettsäuren im tierischen Organismus und im Menschen.

There are figures to the natural occurrence of saturated and unsaturated odd numbered fatty acids (C11 to C21) in food stuffs. Data from literature about the occurrence of these fatty acids in maritime animals, poultry, agricultural animals as well as in laboratory animals and men were presented.

[The effect of microbial protein from a hydrocarbon base (fermosin) with a defined fatty acid composition on fat metabolism and fat composition in slaughter animals. 2. The effect of "fermosin" on the composition of back fat in hogs]. / Untersuchungen zum Einfluss von mikrobiellem Eiweiss auf Kohlenwasserstoffbasis ("fermosin") mit definierter Fettsäurezusammensetzung auf den Fettstoffwechsel und die Fettzusammensetzung von landwirtschaftlichen Nutztieren 2. Mitt. Einfluss von "fermosin" auf die Zusammensetzung von Schweinerückenfett.

Two tests have been undertaken to investigate the influence of feeding microbial biomasses to pigs. No alterations of the fat parameters characterizing the fat stability were observed. All the values obtained are in a normal range. Increases in heptadecenic acid were detected dependent on the content of microbial biomasses in the feed and its fat content. The alterations are mainly in a normal range or slightly beyond it. In nature odd-numbered fatty acids are ubiquitous. Uptake and storage suggest that the organism reacts to an increased offer of C17-fatty acids with an accelerated decomposition of these fatty acids or/and with inhibition of their endogenous synthesis. The results are discussed in comparison with those of literature.

Effect of allyl isothiocyanate on hepatic monooxygenases and serum transferases in rats.

The effect of allyl isothiocyanate (AITC) on the activities of liver monooxygenases and serum transferases was investigated in male rats. AITC was given in oral doses of 0, 50, 100 or 150 mg/kg bw for 3 consecutive days. Increased relative liver weights and decreased activities of hepatic aminopyrine-N-demethylase, p-nitroanisole-O-demethylase and aniline-p-hydroxylase were observed in all treatment groups. The administration of AITC at dose levels of 100 and 150 mg/kg caused a statistically significant increase in the serum aspartate aminotransferase activity.

Short-term toxicity study of allyl isothiocyanate in rats.

Allyl isothiocyanate (AITC) was given in doses of 0, 10, 20, or 40 mg/kg (5 days/week) by oral intubation to male rats for up to 6 weeks. The highest dosage level caused a decrease in body weight, thymus weight, blood glucose and serum globulin levels. Haematological examination revealed an increased percentage of neutrophils and a decreased percentage of lymphocytes after treatment for 2 weeks. Increased liver and adrenal weights were found in all test groups. Renal dysfunction was indicated by increased urinary aspartate amino-transferase activity, reduced urine volume and changes in the specific gravity of the urine. Histopathological changes were observed in the kidneys of animals at dosages of 20 and 40 mg/kg and in the livers of animals at the highest dosage level.

[Bioavailability of minerals. 1. Determination methods]. / Bioverfügbarkeit von Mineralstoffen. 1. Mitt. Methoden zur Bestimmung.

Minerals have a important role in metabolism. Only a little is known on the recommended intake for maintenance of body function. Supplying depends on the bioavailability. Methods for experimental determination are described and limits and possibilities are discussed.

[The enzymatic degradation of DDT. 6. The fate of the DDT metabolites dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene and dichlorodiphenylmonochloroethylene in the rat]. / Zum enzymatischen Abbau des DDT. 6. Mitt. Verhalten der DDT-Metabolite Dichlordiphenyldichlorethylen (DDE) und Dichlordiphenylmonochlorethylen (DDMU) in der Ratte.

DDE is hydrogenated in the rat organism. The distribution of the compound is described. DDMU is degradated to DBP as well as transformed to DDA and DDOH. Excretion and distribution are studied.

[Significance of gastrointestinal microflora for the metabolism of foreign compounds]. / Die Bedeutung der Gastrointestinalflora für den Fremdstoffmetabolismus.

Microbiological biotransformation as a part of metabolism of foreign compounds in general, has great toxicological consequences. An overview on the most important types of reactions is given. In detail, comparative investigations of the metabolism of gamma-HCH, azobenzene and progoitrin in germfree and conventionalized rats are described and results from the literature are presented.

[Comparison of the distribution and toxicity of alpha-, beta-, and gamma-hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) following 30 days of administration to rats]. / Vergleich der Verteilung und Toxizität von alpha-, beta- und gamma-Hexachlorcyclohexan (HCH) nach 30tägiger Verabreichung an Ratten.

Administration of 1000 ppm alpha-HCH, 600 ppm beta-HCH and greater than or equal to 125 ppm gamma-HCH to rats caused a growth retardation. alpha-HCH and beta-HCH led to livermass enlargement. beta-HCH caused a decrease of absolute brain-mass. In case of alpha-HCH and gamma-HCH fat tissue, kidneys and adrenals had a high burden in residues. Fat tissue and adrenals had high residues of beta-HCH. The level of HCH-residues during the test period was gamma much less than beta less than alpha. The results are discussed taking into account the contradictory knowledge from literature.

[Mutagenic substances in amino acid and protein pyrolysates and in heat-treated food]. / Mutagene Substanzen in Aminosäure- und Proteinpyrolysaten sowie hitzebehandelten Lebensmitteln.

Information on the recent knowledge of occurrence and formation of heterocyclic substances as results of the pyrolysis of amino acids and protein as well as of heat-treatment of food is given. Positive results obtained by means of the Ames-test point to the possibility that the tested substances might also have mutagenic or carcinogenic effect on man. Up to now a corroboration of possible delayed lesions could not be definitely proved in animal experiments. It may be taken for granted that the preparation and especially the heat treatment of foods could induce the formation of products being injurious to health. Chemical substances being known in this respect are specified with reference to their occurrence.

[The influence of lindane and lindane metabolites on microsomal and mitochondrial ATPase in vitro]. / Einfluss von Lindan und Lindanmetaboliten auf Mikrosomale und Mitochondriale ATPasen In Vitro.

In vitro investigations of the influence of lindane and its metabolites were performed on microsomal and mitochondrial ATPases from liver, kidney and brain of rat and mouse. The microsomal Na+-K+-ATPases in rat liver were inhibited by the tested substances. An increase of activity was observed only with 2.5 X 10(-5) M gamma-HCH. Effects on the microsomal Na+-K+-ATPase from kidney and brain of rat were also indicated. The mitochondrial enzyme in rat liver was stimulated by all the compounds tested at concentrations of 10(-4) M - 10(-2) M. The effects on mitochondrial enzymes from kidney and brain varied in dependence on the tested substances. In the microsomes and mitochondria of mouse an influence on the Na+-K+-ATPases similar to the effects on the preparations from organs of rat was evident.