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1.
Sao Paulo Med J ; 142(4): 2023148, 2024.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38422240

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: The prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) has increased in the recent decades, along with the number of patients in the terminal stages of this disease, requiring transplantation. Some skin disorders are more frequent in patients with CKD and in renal transplant recipients (RTR). OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the frequency of skin diseases in RTR and patients with CKD receiving conservative treatment. DESIGN AND SETTING: This observational cross-sectional study recruited consecutive patients with CKD and RTR from a nephrology clinic at a teaching hospital in Brazil between 2015 and 2020. METHODS: Quantitative, descriptive, and analytical approaches were used. The sample was selected based on convenience sampling. Data were collected from dermatological visits and participants' medical records. RESULTS: Overall, 308 participants were included: 206 RTR (66.9%, median age: 48 years, interquartile range [IQR] 38.0-56.0, 63.6% men) and 102 patients with CKD (33.1%, median age: 61.0 years, IQR 50.0-71.2, 48% men). The frequency of infectious skin diseases (39.3% vs. 21.6% P = 0.002) were higher in RTR than in patients with CKD. Neoplastic skin lesions were present in nine (4.4%) RTR and in only one (1.0%) patient with CKD. Among the RTR, the ratio of basal cell carcinoma to squamous cell carcinoma was 2:1. CONCLUSIONS: This study revealed that an increased frequency of infectious skin diseases may be expected in patients who have undergone kidney transplantation. Among skin cancers, BCC is more frequently observed in RTR, especially in those using azathioprine.


Subject(s)
Kidney Transplantation , Renal Insufficiency, Chronic , Skin Diseases, Infectious , Skin Diseases , Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Cross-Sectional Studies , Kidney Transplantation/adverse effects , Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/epidemiology , Skin Diseases/epidemiology , Middle Aged
2.
São Paulo med. j ; 142(4): 2023148, 2024. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1536908

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: The prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) has increased in the recent decades, along with the number of patients in the terminal stages of this disease, requiring transplantation. Some skin disorders are more frequent in patients with CKD and in renal transplant recipients (RTR). OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the frequency of skin diseases in RTR and patients with CKD receiving conservative treatment. DESIGN AND SETTING: This observational cross-sectional study recruited consecutive patients with CKD and RTR from a nephrology clinic at a teaching hospital in Brazil between 2015 and 2020. METHODS: Quantitative, descriptive, and analytical approaches were used. The sample was selected based on convenience sampling. Data were collected from dermatological visits and participants' medical records. RESULTS: Overall, 308 participants were included: 206 RTR (66.9%, median age: 48 years, interquartile range [IQR] 38.0-56.0, 63.6% men) and 102 patients with CKD (33.1%, median age: 61.0 years, IQR 50.0-71.2, 48% men). The frequency of infectious skin diseases (39.3% vs. 21.6% P = 0.002) were higher in RTR than in patients with CKD. Neoplastic skin lesions were present in nine (4.4%) RTR and in only one (1.0%) patient with CKD. Among the RTR, the ratio of basal cell carcinoma to squamous cell carcinoma was 2:1. CONCLUSIONS: This study revealed that an increased frequency of infectious skin diseases may be expected in patients who have undergone kidney transplantation. Among skin cancers, BCC is more frequently observed in RTR, especially in those using azathioprine.

3.
Int J Mol Sci ; 24(5)2023 Mar 01.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36902158

ABSTRACT

The model of obesity induced by monosodium glutamate cytotoxicity on the hypothalamic nuclei is widely used in the literature. However, MSG promotes persistent muscle changes and there is a significant lack of studies that seek to elucidate the mechanisms by which damage refractory to reversal is established. This study aimed to investigate the early and chronic effects of MSG induction of obesity upon systemic and muscular parameters of Wistar rats. The animals were exposed to MSG subcutaneously (4 mg·g-1 b.w.) or saline (1.25 mg·g-1 b.w.) daily from PND01 to PND05 (n = 24). Afterwards, in PND15, 12 animals were euthanized to determine the plasma and inflammatory profile and to assess muscle damage. In PND142, the remaining animals were euthanized, and samples for histological and biochemical analyses were obtained. Our results suggest that early exposure to MSG reduced growth, increased adiposity, and inducted hyperinsulinemia and a pro-inflammatory scenario. In adulthood, the following were observed: peripheral insulin resistance, increased fibrosis, oxidative distress, and a reduction in muscle mass, oxidative capacity, and neuromuscular junctions, increased fibrosis, and oxidative distress. Thus, we can conclude that the condition found in adult life and the difficulty restoring in the muscle profile is related to the metabolic damage established early on.


Subject(s)
Obesity , Sodium Glutamate , Rats , Animals , Rats, Wistar , Sodium Glutamate/adverse effects , Obesity/metabolism , Muscles/metabolism , Fibrosis
4.
Arq. Inst. Biol. (Online) ; 89: e00302021, 2022. ilus, tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1416780

ABSTRACT

Milk is an essential food, widely consumed by the population. Brazil is one of the world's largest producers of milk. Milk quality is influenced by several factors in all its stages of production. The aim of this study was to determine the microbiological profile of refrigerated and processed raw bovine milk from industries in Vale do Taquari, state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, using metagenomic analysis. A total of six samples were collected, one of refrigerated raw milk from the tanker truck, one of pasteurized milk and one of milk sterilized by the ultra-high temperature (UHT) process, in each of the industries. The identification of the milk microbiota was performed by sequencing the 16S rRNA gene. The results show that refrigerated raw milk has a greater number of microorganisms, followed by pasteurized milk and sterilized milk, successively. Processed milk showed the presence of beneficial microorganisms such as Streptococcus thermophilus and Streptococcus macedonicus. Nevertheless, even UHT milk showed the presence of microorganisms considered harmful, such as the Bacillus cereus group, Aeromonas dhakensis, Enterobacter bacterium and Acinetobacter haemolyticus. Metagenomics is a valuable tool for the thorough evaluation of the milk microbiota in order to implement the processing stages in industries.


Subject(s)
Sequence Analysis/methods , Milk/microbiology , Microbiota , Brazil , Cooled Foods , Raw Foods/analysis
5.
Exp Appl Acarol ; 85(1): 19-30, 2021 Sep.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34410555

ABSTRACT

Tetranychus urticae Koch and Polyphagotarsonemus latus Banks are mite species considered capable of attaining pest levels, damaging a range of agricultural crops. The Pampa biome is characterized by the high biodiversity it houses, particularly microbial diversity, which highlights its potential for developing microorganisms that can provide biological control of arthropods. The aim of this study was to evaluate the activity of four fungal isolates from the soil of the Pampa biome in the biological control of T. urticae (females and eggs) and P. latus (females). Experiments consisted of isolating and identifying fungal isolates for spore quantification and aspersion at 108, 106, and 104 spores/mL concentrations in arenas containing T. urticae females and eggs, and P. latus females, separately. Results indicated that only three isolates (Aspergillus brunneoviolaceus, Clonostachys chloroleuca, and Penicillium adametzii) showed high control of T. urticae females, yet they did not exhibit any control of T. urticae eggs and P. latus females. Therefore, the present study confirms the viability of some of these fungi as biological control agents of mites, which implies the importance of new prospects with other fungal species, considering the richness of resources in the Pampa biome, or even the need to test higher concentrations and other variables using the microorganisms of the present study.


Subject(s)
Mites , Tetranychidae , Animals , Aspergillus , Ecosystem , Female , Fungi , Hypocreales , Penicillium , Pest Control, Biological , Soil
6.
Exp Appl Acarol ; 78(1): 49-64, 2019 May.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31076973

ABSTRACT

The stored food mite Tyrophagus putrescentiae (Schrank) (Acari: Acaridae) has been associated with the presence of several fungal species. The aims of this work were to evaluate T. putrescentiae population growth associated to environmental and medically important fungal species to determine on which fungal species populations of T. putrescentiae performs best, and to evaluate their ability to disperse each fungal species. First, 24 fungal species were inoculated separately in Petri dishes containing Sabouraud agar medium. One week after inoculation, 50 mites were added to each plate. On the 28th evaluation day, mites and eggs were counted in each plate, and 50 mites randomly collected from each replicate were transferred to new plates containing only Sabouraud agar medium. Then, mites, eggs, and fungal population were evaluated in each plate on day 28 again. The highest population increases were on Trichophyton mentagrophytes, Alternaria sp., Microsporum gypseum, and Aspergillus chevalieri. With Fusarium guttiforme and the medically important fungi Microsporum canis, M. gypseum, T. mentagrophytes, and Sporothrix sp., mites were observed to feed on whole mycelium. Only eight fungal species were dispersed by T. putrescentiae to the new Petri dishes: Aspergillus clavatus, Candida tropicalis, Candida albicans, Fusarium guttiforme, Hyphopichia burtonii, Penicillium citrinum, Rhizophus azygosporus, and Trichophyton mentagrophytes. The best performance of T. putrescentiae was found feeding on F. guttiforme, P. citrinum, and T. mentagrophytes. In conclusion, T. putrescentiae successfully used fungi as a food source, and it proved to be an important tool for disseminating both environmental and medically important fungi.


Subject(s)
Acaridae/physiology , Food Chain , Fungi/physiology , Herbivory , Animals , Population Growth
7.
J. bras. pneumol ; 44(6): 461-468, Nov.-Dec. 2018. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-984610

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Objective: To estimate the prevalence of latent Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection (LTBI) in renal transplant recipients and to assess sociodemographic, behavioral, and clinical associations with positive tuberculin skin test (TST) results. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study of patients aged ≥ 18 years who underwent renal transplantation at the Renal Transplant Center of the Federal University of Minas Gerais Hospital das Clínicas, located in the city of Belo Horizonte, Brazil. We included renal transplant recipients who underwent the TST between January 2011 and July 2013. If the result of the first TST was negative, a second TST was administered. Bivariate and multivariate analyses using logistic regression were used to determine factors associated with positive TST results. Results: The sample included 216 patients. The prevalence of LTBI was 18.5%. In the multivariate analysis, history of contact with a tuberculosis case and preserved graft function (estimated glomerular filtration rate ≥ 60 mL/min/1.73 m2) were associated with positive TST results. TST induration increased by 5.8% from the first to the second test, which was considered significant (p = 0.012). Conclusions: The prevalence of LTBI was low in this sample of renal transplant recipients. The TST should be administered if renal graft function is preserved. A second TST should be administered if the first TST is negative.


RESUMO Objetivo: Estimar a prevalência da infecção latente por Mycobacterium tuberculosis (ILTB) em transplantados renais e avaliar as associações sociodemográficas, comportamentais e clínicas com a prova tuberculínica (PT) positiva. Métodos: Estudo transversal, com pacientes com idade ≥ 18 anos, transplantados renais no Centro de Transplante Renal do Hospital das Clínicas da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, em Belo Horizonte (MG). Foram incluídos os pacientes submetidos a transplante renal que realizaram a PT no período entre janeiro de 2011 e julho de 2013. Quando o resultado da primeira PT foi negativo, uma segunda PT foi realizada. As análises bivariada e multivariada, por meio de regressão logística, foram utilizadas para determinar os fatores associados com PT positiva. Resultados: A amostra incluiu 216 pacientes. A taxa de prevalência para ILTB foi de 18.5%. Na análise multivariada, história de contato com caso de tuberculose e função do enxerto preservada (taxa de filtração glomerular estimada ≥ 60 ml/min/1,73 m2) foram associadas com PT positiva. O incremento da primeira PT para a segunda PT foi de 5,8%, considerado significante (p = 0,012). Conclusões: A prevalência da ILTB foi baixa nessa amostra de pacientes transplantados renais. A PT deve ser efetuada quando a função do enxerto renal estiver preservada. Uma segunda PT deve ser realizada quando a primeira PT for negativa.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Young Adult , Kidney Transplantation/statistics & numerical data , Latent Tuberculosis/epidemiology , Socioeconomic Factors , Brazil/epidemiology , Tuberculin Test , Prevalence , Cross-Sectional Studies , Multivariate Analysis , Latent Tuberculosis/diagnosis
8.
3 Biotech ; 8(11): 451, 2018 Nov.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30333953

ABSTRACT

In this study, we isolated Lactobacillus spp. from bovine raw milk and artisanal cheese from southern Brazil, and evaluated their technological and probiotic potential to select new isolates for producing healthy fermented dairy foods with differentiated tastes and flavours. We obtained 48 new lactobacilli isolates, which were isolated from raw milk (38) and cheese (10). These bacterial isolates were closely related with ten species: Lactobacillus paracasei (50% of the isolates), L. parabuchneri (15%), L. pentosus (13%), L. zeae (4%), L. plantarum (4%), L. otakiensis (4%), L. casei (4%), L. harbinensis (2%), L. diolivorans (2%), and L. rhamnosus (2%). Isolates CH112 and CH131 showed the greatest acidification potential, reducing the pH of milk to below 5.3 after incubation for 6 h at 32 °C. Considering proteolytic activity and diacetyl production, isolates ML88a, ML04, and ML12 showed the most promising results. Isolate ML12 showed 100% survival rate when inoculated in gastric juice at pH 2.5. The evaluation of antibacterial activity of the lactobacilli showed that the pathogens Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella enteritidis, and Salmonella Typhimurium were strongly inhibited by the pure lactobacilli cultures. Five Lactobacillus isolates (ML01, ML04, ML12, ML88, and CH139) showed both technological and probiotic characteristics. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was used to investigate correlations among technological and probiotic characteristics, and identified new promising lactobacilli isolates for exploring their characteristics. This study reveals the importance of selecting new microorganisms with potential applicability in the food industry for developing functional foods with differentiated aromas and flavours.

9.
Food Res Int ; 113: 65-73, 2018 11.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30195547

ABSTRACT

In this study, lactic acid bacteria with probiotic potential, including Lactobacillus plantarum ATCC8014, L. paracasei ML33 and L. pentosus ML82, were encapsulated with whey-alginate-pectin (WAP) or whey permeate-alginate-pectin (PAP) by an extrusion process using vibrational technology, with the resulting microparticles assessed for their resistance to adverse conditions. The aim was to assess the effect of the encapsulation wall materials on the viability of microorganisms, the encapsulation, refrigerated storage and simulated gastrointestinal tract conditions, the kinetic parameters of acidification, and the morphology of microparticles. The bacteria encapsulated with the WAP wall material were adequately protected. Furthermore, after three months of storage at 4 °C, the encapsulated bacteria exhibited a cell viability of >6 log CFU mL-1. In addition, the encapsulated L. plantarum ATCC8014 and L. pentosus ML82 isolates exhibited the highest viability at the end of the storage period among the assayed isolates. Encapsulated bacteria showed greater resistance to acidic conditions than unencapsulated bacteria when exposed to simulated gastrointestinal tract conditions. The maximum rate of milk acidification by encapsulated Lactobacillus spp. was approximately three-fold lower than that observed for unencapsulated bacteria. The resulting size of the microparticles generated using both combinations of wall materials used was approximately 150 µm. The cheese whey and whey permeate combined with alginate and pectin to adequately encapsulate and protect Lactobacillus spp. from the adverse conditions of the simulated gastrointestinal tract and from refrigeration storage temperatures. Furthermore, the sizes of the obtained microparticles indicated that the encapsulated materials are suitable for being incorporated into foods without changing their sensory properties.


Subject(s)
Alginates/chemistry , Lactobacillus plantarum/physiology , Pectins/chemistry , Probiotics/administration & dosage , Whey/chemistry , Capsules/chemistry , Fermentation , Gastrointestinal Tract/metabolism , Hydrogen-Ion Concentration , Microbial Viability , Microscopy, Electron, Scanning , Pepsin A/metabolism , Vibration
10.
J Bras Pneumol ; 44(6): 461-468, 2018.
Article in English, Portuguese | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30726322

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the prevalence of latent Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection (LTBI) in renal transplant recipients and to assess sociodemographic, behavioral, and clinical associations with positive tuberculin skin test (TST) results. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study of patients aged ≥ 18 years who underwent renal transplantation at the Renal Transplant Center of the Federal University of Minas Gerais Hospital das Clínicas, located in the city of Belo Horizonte, Brazil. We included renal transplant recipients who underwent the TST between January 2011 and July 2013. If the result of the first TST was negative, a second TST was administered. Bivariate and multivariate analyses using logistic regression were used to determine factors associated with positive TST results. RESULTS: The sample included 216 patients. The prevalence of LTBI was 18.5%. In the multivariate analysis, history of contact with a tuberculosis case and preserved graft function (estimated glomerular filtration rate ≥ 60 mL/min/1.73 m2) were associated with positive TST results. TST induration increased by 5.8% from the first to the second test, which was considered significant (p = 0.012). CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of LTBI was low in this sample of renal transplant recipients. The TST should be administered if renal graft function is preserved. A second TST should be administered if the first TST is negative.


Subject(s)
Kidney Transplantation/statistics & numerical data , Latent Tuberculosis/epidemiology , Adult , Aged , Brazil/epidemiology , Cross-Sectional Studies , Female , Humans , Latent Tuberculosis/diagnosis , Male , Middle Aged , Multivariate Analysis , Prevalence , Socioeconomic Factors , Tuberculin Test , Young Adult
11.
Food Sci. Technol (SBCTA, Impr.) ; 37(4): 647-650, Dec. 2017. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-892214

ABSTRACT

Abstract Hibiscus sabdariffa L. is used in traditional medicine because of its bioactive properties, such as antioxidant and antibacterial. Escherichia coli is a Gram-negative bacteria and as an indicator of contamination in food. The aim of this work was to evaluate the anti-Escherichia coli effect and the change in pH on the control of aerobic mesophilic microorganisms, using hydroethanolic extract of H. sabdariffa L. in different concentrations in a meat model, verifying its potential as food additive for microbiological stability on ground beef during cooling storage. For the preparation of the treatments, the meat experimental units were elaborated with different concentrations of the vegetal extract (5, 10, 15 and 20%), ground beef and contaminated with E. coli. For pH evaluation, the meat experimental units were added different percentages of hydroethanolic extract. The H. sabdariffa L. antibacterial action reduced two logarithmic levels in practically all treatments. The best pH result was obtained in the meat containing 30% of the extract. The hydroethanolic extracts of Hibiscus sabdariffa L. showed anti-Escherichia coli activity in the presence of refrigerated ground beef. Analyzing the pH results and the count of aerobic mesophilic bacteria, it is possible this extract to be used as a natural food additive.

12.
Arq. Inst. Biol ; 84: e0422016, 2017. graf
Article in English | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-887859

ABSTRACT

Transport of cooled raw milk in bulk has greatly improved the quality of the raw material collected by dairy plants as it reduces the proliferation of mesophilic microorganisms that cause milk acidity and hinder its processing. However, refrigeration has favored the growth of psychrotrophic microorganisms which are able to grow at low temperatures (below 10ºC) and that produce heat resistant enzymes which degrade some milk components, reducing milk shelf life and causing organoleptic changes. The aim of this paper was to evaluate the microbiological quality of raw milk in dairy farms and after its transport to the processing dairy plant, through plate counting of mesophilic and psychrotrophic microorganisms. Fourteen milk samples were collected from tanks of the dairy-farming properties, and one sample was collected from their milk transport tanker at the entrance of the processing plant. Our results showed that the mean number of mesophilic microorganisms was higher in samples collected straight from the dairy farm tanks than in the samples collected from the transportation tankers at the entrance of the plant. Of the 14 sampled tanks, 64.3% were non-compliant with legislation. The sample collected from the milk transportation tanker containing milk from all properties showed a higher mean number of psychrotrophic microorganisms than the dairy farm samples. We conclude that the milk from dairy properties showed a higher amount of mesophilic microorganisms, and after transportation, at the entrance of the processing plant, there is a higher amount of psychrotrophic microorganisms.(AU)


O transporte do leite cru refrigerado a granel melhorou muito a qualidade da matéria-prima recebida pelas indústrias de laticínios, reduzindo a proliferação de micro-organismos mesófilos que causam a acidez do leite e que impossibilitam seu beneficiamento. Porém, a refrigeração favoreceu o crescimento de micro-organismos psicrotróficos que são capazes de crescer em baixas temperaturas (abaixo de 10ºC) e que produzem enzimas termorresistentes que degradam alguns componentes do leite, diminuindo o seu tempo de prateleira e causando alterações organolépticas. Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a qualidade microbiológica do leite cru presente na propriedade leiteira e após o transporte para a indústria beneficiadora, por meio da contagem em placas de micro-organismos mesófilos e psicrotróficos. Foram coletadas 14 amostras de leite nos tanques das propriedades produtoras e uma amostra do caminhão de transporte dessas propriedades, na chegada à indústria beneficiadora. Os resultados mostraram que, nas amostras coletadas diretamente nos tanques das propriedades, a média de micro-organismos mesófilos foi mais alta do que a amostra coletada diretamente do caminhão de transporte ao chegar à indústria. Dos 14 tanques amostrados, 64,3% estão em desacordo com a legislação. A amostra coletada do caminhão de transporte do leite, contendo o leite de todas as propriedades, apresentou média maior de micro-organismos psicrotróficos em relação à média das propriedades. Conclui-se que o leite das propriedades apresentou maior quantidade de mesófilos e que, após o transporte, na chegada à indústria beneficiadora, há maior quantidade de psicrotróficos.(AU)


Subject(s)
Food Contamination , Food Quality , Milk , Dairying
13.
J Bras Pneumol ; 42(5): 348-355, 2016.
Article in English, Portuguese | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27812634

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE:: To determine the prevalence of and the factors associated with latent Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection (LTBI) in prisoners in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. METHODS:: This was a cross-sectional cohort study conducted in two prisons in Minas Gerais. Tuberculin skin tests were performed in the individuals who agreed to participate in the study. RESULTS:: A total of 1,120 individuals were selected for inclusion in this study. The prevalence of LTBI was 25.2%. In the multivariate analysis, LTBI was associated with self-reported contact with active tuberculosis patients within prisons (adjusted OR = 1.51; 95% CI: 1.05-2.18) and use of inhaled drugs (adjusted OR = 1.48; 95% CI: 1.03-2.13). Respiratory symptoms were identified in 131 (11.7%) of the participants. Serological testing for HIV was performed in 940 (83.9%) of the participants, and the result was positive in 5 (0.5%). Two cases of active tuberculosis were identified during the study period. CONCLUSIONS:: Within the prisons under study, the prevalence of LTBI was high. In addition, LTBI was associated with self-reported contact with active tuberculosis patients and with the use of inhaled drugs. Our findings demonstrate that it is necessary to improve the conditions in prisons, as well as to introduce strategies, such as chest X-ray screening, in order to detect tuberculosis cases and, consequently, reduce M. tuberculosis infection within the prison system. OBJETIVO:: Determinar a prevalência e os fatores associados à infecção latente por Mycobacterium tuberculosis (ILTB) em pessoas privadas de liberdade no Estado de Minas Gerais. MÉTODOS:: Estudo de coorte transversal realizado em duas penitenciárias em Minas Gerais. Foi realizada a prova tuberculínica nos indivíduos que aceitaram participar do estudo. RESULTADOS:: Foram selecionados 1.120 indivíduos para a pesquisa. A prevalência da ILTB foi de 25,2%. Na análise multivariada, a ILTB esteve associada com relato de contato com caso de tuberculose ativa dentro da penitenciária (OR ajustada = 1,51; IC95%: 1,05-2,18) e uso de drogas inaláveis (OR ajustada = 1,48; IC95%: 1,03-2,13). Foram identificados 131 pacientes sintomáticos respiratórios (11,7%). O teste anti-HIV foi realizado em 940 (83,9%) dos participantes, sendo positivo em 5 indivíduos (0,5%). Dois casos de tuberculose ativa foram identificados no período do estudo. CONCLUSÕES:: A prevalência de ILTB dentro das penitenciárias estudadas foi alta. Além disso, a ILTB estava associada ao relato de contato com casos de tuberculose e ao uso de drogas inaláveis. Nossos achados demonstram que é necessária a melhoria das condições de encarceramento e a utilização de outras estratégias, como a triagem por radiografia de tórax, para a descoberta de casos de tuberculose e redução da infecção pelo M. tuberculosis no sistema penitenciário.


Subject(s)
Latent Tuberculosis/epidemiology , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/isolation & purification , Prisoners/statistics & numerical data , Adult , Brazil/epidemiology , Community-Acquired Infections/diagnosis , Community-Acquired Infections/epidemiology , Cross-Sectional Studies , Female , Humans , Illicit Drugs/adverse effects , Latent Tuberculosis/microbiology , Latent Tuberculosis/transmission , Male , Prevalence , Tuberculin Test , Young Adult
14.
J. bras. pneumol ; 42(5): 348-355, Sept.-Oct. 2016. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-797954

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Objective: To determine the prevalence of and the factors associated with latent Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection (LTBI) in prisoners in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. Methods: This was a cross-sectional cohort study conducted in two prisons in Minas Gerais. Tuberculin skin tests were performed in the individuals who agreed to participate in the study. Results: A total of 1,120 individuals were selected for inclusion in this study. The prevalence of LTBI was 25.2%. In the multivariate analysis, LTBI was associated with self-reported contact with active tuberculosis patients within prisons (adjusted OR = 1.51; 95% CI: 1.05-2.18) and use of inhaled drugs (adjusted OR = 1.48; 95% CI: 1.03-2.13). Respiratory symptoms were identified in 131 (11.7%) of the participants. Serological testing for HIV was performed in 940 (83.9%) of the participants, and the result was positive in 5 (0.5%). Two cases of active tuberculosis were identified during the study period. Conclusions: Within the prisons under study, the prevalence of LTBI was high. In addition, LTBI was associated with self-reported contact with active tuberculosis patients and with the use of inhaled drugs. Our findings demonstrate that it is necessary to improve the conditions in prisons, as well as to introduce strategies, such as chest X-ray screening, in order to detect tuberculosis cases and, consequently, reduce M. tuberculosis infection within the prison system.


RESUMO Objetivo: Determinar a prevalência e os fatores associados à infecção latente por Mycobacterium tuberculosis (ILTB) em pessoas privadas de liberdade no Estado de Minas Gerais. Métodos: Estudo de coorte transversal realizado em duas penitenciárias em Minas Gerais. Foi realizada a prova tuberculínica nos indivíduos que aceitaram participar do estudo. Resultados: Foram selecionados 1.120 indivíduos para a pesquisa. A prevalência da ILTB foi de 25,2%. Na análise multivariada, a ILTB esteve associada com relato de contato com caso de tuberculose ativa dentro da penitenciária (OR ajustada = 1,51; IC95%: 1,05-2,18) e uso de drogas inaláveis (OR ajustada = 1,48; IC95%: 1,03-2,13). Foram identificados 131 pacientes sintomáticos respiratórios (11,7%). O teste anti-HIV foi realizado em 940 (83,9%) dos participantes, sendo positivo em 5 indivíduos (0,5%). Dois casos de tuberculose ativa foram identificados no período do estudo. Conclusões: A prevalência de ILTB dentro das penitenciárias estudadas foi alta. Além disso, a ILTB estava associada ao relato de contato com casos de tuberculose e ao uso de drogas inaláveis. Nossos achados demonstram que é necessária a melhoria das condições de encarceramento e a utilização de outras estratégias, como a triagem por radiografia de tórax, para a descoberta de casos de tuberculose e redução da infecção pelo M. tuberculosis no sistema penitenciário.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Young Adult , Latent Tuberculosis/epidemiology , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/isolation & purification , Prisoners/statistics & numerical data , Brazil/epidemiology , Community-Acquired Infections/diagnosis , Community-Acquired Infections/epidemiology , Cross-Sectional Studies , Latent Tuberculosis/microbiology , Latent Tuberculosis/transmission , Prevalence , Illicit Drugs/adverse effects , Tuberculin Test
15.
J Bras Nefrol ; 37(1): 131-4, 2015.
Article in Portuguese | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25923761

ABSTRACT

Leprosy is still a public health concern in Brazil, where more than 30,000 new cases are detected every year. There are few reports of this mycobacteriosis in immunosuppressed patients, despite the increasing number of solid organ transplantation and the use of post-transplant drugs in this country. The authors describe a case of multibacillary leprosy in a renal transplant recipient, detected 12 years after the procedure, and discuss the therapy, adverse effects and management of leprosy reactions in patients immunosuppressed by drugs.


Subject(s)
Kidney Transplantation , Leprosy, Multibacillary , Postoperative Complications , Adult , Humans , Leprosy, Multibacillary/diagnosis , Leprosy, Multibacillary/therapy , Male , Postoperative Complications/diagnosis , Postoperative Complications/therapy
16.
J. bras. nefrol ; 37(1): 131-134, Jan-Mar/2015. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-744443

ABSTRACT

O Brasil é um país onde a hanseníase ainda é um problema de saúde pública, apresentando mais de 30.000 novos casos por ano nos últimos anos. Apesar do crescente número de transplante de órgãos sólidos realizados no país, sobretudo o transplante renal, não são frequentes os relatos dessa micobacteriose em pacientes imunossuprimidos pelas medicações póstransplante. Os autores relatam um caso de hanseníase multibacilar manifestada 12 anos depois do transplante renal, acompanhado desde o diagnóstico, durante a poliquimioterapia, tratamento e seguimento do eritema nodoso hansênico.


Leprosy is still a public health concern in Brazil, where more than 30,000 new cases are detected every year. There are few reports of this mycobacteriosis in imunossupressed pacients, despite the increasing number of solid organ transplantation and the use of post-transplant drugs in this country. The autors describe a case of multibacillary leprosy in a renal transplant recipient, detected 12 years after the procedure, and discuss the therapy, adverse effects and management of leprosy reactions in pacients imunosupressed by drugs.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Kidney Transplantation , Leprosy, Multibacillary , Postoperative Complications , Leprosy, Multibacillary/diagnosis , Leprosy, Multibacillary/therapy , Postoperative Complications/diagnosis , Postoperative Complications/therapy
17.
RBM rev. bras. med ; 70(1,n.esp)jan.-fev. 2013.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-704850

ABSTRACT

Introdução: Os anticorpos específicos contra o doador (DSA) representam uma das principais barreiras para o sucesso do transplante renal. Material e métodos: Os cem receptores, classificados em baixo risco (BR), médio risco (MR), alto risco (AR) e muito alto risco (MAR) de terem rejeição mediada por anticorpos (RMA) foram transplantados com rins de doadores falecidos (DF). A sobrevida dos enxertos foi avaliada após um ano. Resultados: Dos 100 receptores que receberam rins de DF, 54 (54,0%) foram classificados como BR. Destes, oito rejeitaram (14,8%), três perderam os enxertos, sendo duas perdas por RMA (DSA MFI 1223 a 2341) e uma por causa não imunológica (CNI). Entre os 30 (30,0%) classificados em MR, 10 (33,3%) rejeitaram, desses quatro perderam os enxertos, sendo duas perdas por RMA (DSA MFI 530 e 870), uma por rejeição celular (RC) e uma por CNI. Entre os 10 (10,0%) classificados em AR, três rejeitaram, sendo observadas três perdas por RMA (DSA MFI de 3493 a 6068). Entre os 6 (6,0%) classificados como MAR, cinco tiveram episódios de rejeições, quatro perderam os enxertos, sendo três perdas por RMA (DSA MFI 7226 a 12591) e uma por RC. A sobrevida dos enxertos no primeiro ano para os pacientes em BR, MR, AR+MAR foi de 91,22%, 78,75% e 80,28%, respectivamente. Conclusão: Esse protocolo demonstrou ser eficiente e permitiu uma avaliação imunológica precisa de receptores classificados de acordo com o risco de RMA. Do total de pacientes, 26 (26%) tiveram episódios de rejeições, 12 (46%) pacientes perderam os enxertos devido a causas imunológicas, sendo duas perdas por RC e 10 por RMA, o que evidencia a gravidade das rejeições. Além disso, tivemos duas perdas por CNI. Após um ano, 87 (87%) dos pacientes mantiveram boa função renal, com creatinina variando de 0,9 a 1,6 mg/dL...


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Transplantation , Kidney Transplantation
18.
Rev. Inst. Adolfo Lutz ; 71(3): 462-470, jul.-set. 2012. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, Sec. Est. Saúde SP, SESSP-CTDPROD, Sec. Est. Saúde SP, SESSP-ACVSES, SESSP-IALPROD, Sec. Est. Saúde SP, SESSP-IALACERVO | ID: lil-696284

ABSTRACT

O hibisco (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) possui propriedades antioxidantes e antimicrobianas, e pode ser utilizado como planta medicinal e alimento funcional. Este estudo determinou a intensidade de atividade de inibição (IINIB) e a inativação bacteriana (IINAB) in vitro de dois extratos alcoólicos, obtidos de cálices e frutos com sementes de diferentes acessos de hibisco. As análises foram efetuadas sobre as bactérias de padrão internacional, Enterococcus faecalis, E. coli, Salmonella Enteritidis e S. aureus, associando-se os resultados aos polifenóis totais e antocianinas. Diferenças significativas na atividade antimicrobiana dos extratos alcoólicos foram observadas em ambos os acessos. Salmonella Enteritidis (11,5) e E. coli (12) foram as bactérias mais sensíveis, respectivamente, aos extratos alcoólicos de cálices de hibisco e dos frutos com sementes. S. aureus (5,2 e 0,1) foi a mais resistente a ambos os extratos. Os valores de IINIB foram predominantemente maiores quando comparados aos de IINAB, o que indica que geralmente a atividade bacteriostática é maior do que a bactericida. Os valores de polifenóis totais e de antocianinas do extrato alcoólico de cálices apresentaram diferença significativa e foram superiores aos do extrato alcoólico dos frutos com sementes. Possivelmente exista associação direta entre a concentração de antocianina e a atividade antibacteriana em diferentes estruturas vegetais do hibisco.


Subject(s)
Functional Food , Antioxidants , Anthocyanins , Plant Extracts , Hibiscus
19.
UNOPAR Cient., Ciênc. biol. saude ; 14(2): 105-110, abr. 2012. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: lil-621443

ABSTRACT

Ao longo dos últimos anos é crescente a preocupação com a qualidade de vida e a preservação da saúde. A cultura orgânica, diante da tendência ao consumo de alimentos mais saudáveis, visa produzir alimentos sem a adição de agrotóxicos ou qualquer produto químico. Esta agricultura tem-se intensificado, pois contraria a agricultura convencional, cujo objetivo principal é a utilização intensiva de terras e de tecnologias que acarreta em um grande uso de fertilizantes, inseticidas e herbicidas. As hortaliças são componentes importantes em uma dieta saudável, ajudando a diminuir o risco de determinadas doenças, além de favorecer o trânsito intestinal e proporcionar efeito antioxidante no organismo. No entanto, estas hortaliças possuem nitrato e nitrito, componentes naturais, precursores de algumas formas de câncer e da metahemoglobinemia. Portanto, este trabalho teve como objetivo comparar a concentração de nitrato e nitrito em hortaliças, como beterraba, cenoura, espinafre e repolho, cultivados de forma convencional e orgânica. A determinação de nitrato e nitrito foi baseada na metodologia oficial do Ministério da Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento e os resultados foram comparados através do Statistica® for Windows versão 7.0. O nitrito foi encontrado na beterraba e no espinafre e o nitrato ocorreu em todas as amostras analisadas. Todos os vegetais apresentaram médias de valores superiores a 1000 mg/kg, portanto foram classificados como hortaliças com alto conteúdo de nitrato. Houve diferença significativa entre os níveis de nitrato dos vegetais da agricultura convencional para a orgânica, mostrando que o consumo de hortaliças orgânicas favorece uma menor ingestão destes elementos.


In recent years there is a concern about the quality of life and public health. The organic farming aims to produce organic foods without pesticides due to the trend towards consumption of healthier foods. This type of farming contradicts the conventional farming, whose main objective is the intensive use of land, technology and fertilizers, insecticides and herbicides. Vegetables are important components in a healthy diet, since they minimize some disease risks, promote intestinal function and provide antioxidant effects in the body. However, these vegetables contain nitrate and nitrite, natural compounds, precursors of some forms of cancer and methemoglobinaemia. This study aimed to compare the concentration of nitrate and nitrite in vegetables such as beets, carrots, spinach and cabbage, grown in conventional and organic production. The determination of nitrate and nitrite was based on the official methodology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Food Supply and the results were evaluated using the Statistica® for Windows version 7.0. Nitrite was found in beets and spinach and nitrate was found in all the samples. All plants showed high content of nitrate, which exceeded 1000 mg/kg. There were significant differences between the levels of nitrate from conventional farming to organic one, which shows that the intake of organic vegetables benefits a lower intake of these elements.

20.
Ciênc. rural ; 41(9): 1617-1621, set. 2011. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-600705

ABSTRACT

Com o objetivo de avaliar a influência de diferentes programas de luz sobre os parâmetros seminais de galos de linhagem semi-pesada, foram utilizados 24 galos da linhagem Lohman Brown com idade inicial de 19 semanas, sendo submetidos a três tratamentos: 1) programa de luz contínuo; 2) programa de luz intermitente e 3) programa de luz natural crescente. Os animais foram distribuídos num delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado, com oito repetições, sendo a unidade experimental constituída de um animal. O período experimental teve duração de 140 dias e as variáveis avaliadas foram: consumo de ração (g ave-1 dia-1); peso corporal (g); produção de sêmen (ml), motilidade ( por cento) e vigor espermáticos (0 a 5), concentração espermática (número de células x 10(9)), número de células espermáticas totais (NCT = volume x concentração) e morfologia espermática (alterações de cabeça, cauda e alterações totais). Os galos submetidos aos programas de luz contínuo e intermitente apresentaram maior produção de sêmen e maior NCT (P<0,05), não havendo influência (P>0,05) dos tratamentos sobre as demais variáveis. Conclui-se que os programas de luz contínuo e intermitente podem ser utilizados para galos semi-pesados durante o período reprodutivo, sem prejudicar o desempenho e os parâmetros seminais.


This study aimed to evaluate the influence of different lighting programs on the performance and semen parameters of semi-heavy cock strain. Twenty four roosters, aging 19 weeks, of the Lohman Brown strain were used, and submitted to three treatments: 1) continuous lightning programs 2) intermittent lightning programs and 3) increasing natural lightning programs. The animals were distributed into a completely randomized design, with 8 replicates being the experimental unit constituted of 1 animal. The experimental period lasted 140 days and the evaluated variables were: feed intake (g/chicken/day), body weight (g), semen production (ml), motility ( percent) and vigor (0 to 5) of the sperm, spermatic concentration (cells number x 10(9)), total spermatic cells (NCT- volume x concentration) and spermatic morphology (head, tail and total alterations). The semi-heavy roosters submitted to continuous and intermittent lightning programs presented greater semen production and greater NCT (P<0,05). There was no significant influence (P>0.05) of the treatments on the other variables. It was concluded that the programs of continuous and intermittent light can be used for semi-heavy cocks during the breeding season, without sacrificing performance and sêmen parameters.

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