Cold-Stored Platelets: Review of Studies in Humans.

Although numerous reviews and editorials have been published about the biologic features of platelets exposed to cold temperature and their in vitro function, none has focused on the data from studies after transfusion in healthy human participants and patients. This may, in part, be due to the paucity of well-controlled in vivo investigations of cold-stored platelets. Although numerous studies are looking into the recovery and survival of cold-stored platelets (ie, the percentage of infused platelets maintained in circulation over time), very few assess in vivo platelet function. Another caveat is that most studies were performed in the 1960s and 1970s, at a time when platelet collection and storage were different compared to today. Despite these limitations, we believe the transfusion community can take valuable information from these studies. This review is limited to data on cold-stored platelets in plasma or additive solution and does not include data on whole blood or resuspended whole blood from components because the hemostatic properties of whole blood are likely very different (the interested reader is referred to the review article focused on the hemostatic properties of platelets stored in whole blood by van der Meer et al in this special edition of Transfusion Medicine Reviews). In this review, we report that room temperature storage consistently results in a longer in vivo platelet circulation time at the expense of bacterial growth and shorter storage duration, resulting in expiration, wastage, and regional and national shortages. Cold storage of platelets universally results in moderately reduced recovery and markedly reduced survival. We found inconsistent data about the efficacy of cold-stored platelets likely due to study design differences. The analysis of the available data suggests that there is a short-lasting hemostatic effect of cold-stored platelets. Storage time or choice of anticoagulant did not have a clear effect on platelet efficacy after cold storage. In summary, more data and clinical trials are needed to better understand the effect of cold-stored platelets after transfusion into humans.

Synthesis, characterization, and computational study of MoSF4.

Molybdenum sulfide tetrafluoride was synthesized from MoF(6) and S(Si(CH(3))(3))(2) in CFCl(3) at low temperature and was fully characterized by Raman, infrared, and (19)F NMR spectroscopy and by X-ray crystallography. The crystal structure revealed that MoSF(4) forms infinite fluorine-bridged chains. Quantum-chemical calculations using B3LYP and PBE1PBE methods were used to calculate the gas-phase geometry and vibrational frequencies of monomeric MoSF(4) and (MoSF(4))(3)F(-). The vibrational frequencies of (MoSF(4))(3)F(-) have been used in the assignment of the vibrational spectra of solid MoSF(4). Natural bond order analyses were carried out for monomeric MoSF(4) and, for comparison, for WSF(4).

Synthesis, NMR and vibrational spectroscopic characterization, and computational study of the cis-IO2F3 2- anion.

The N(CH3)4(+) salt of the cis-IO2F3(2-) anion was synthesized from [N(CH 3)4][IO2F2] and excess [N(CH3)4][F] in CH3CN solvent. The [N(CH3)4] 2[IO2F3] salt was characterized by Raman, infrared, and (19)F solid-state MAS NMR spectroscopy. Geometry optimization and calculation of the vibrational frequencies at the DFT level of theory corroborated the experimental finding that the IO2F3(2-) anion exists as a single isomer with a cis-dioxo and mer-trifluoro arrangement. The fluorine atom in IO2F3(2-) that is trans to one of the oxygen atoms is weakly bound with a calculated bond length of 228.1 pm. The IO2F3(2-) anion is only the second example of an AEO 2F 3 species after XeO2F3(-).