ABSTRACT
Children's immunizations have been a part of our health care practice for many years. While immunizations have reached record highs in recent years, there is a fear that complacency may cause a drop in immunization rates and thus increases in disease rates. This study explored immunizations from two perspectives. First, focus groups with parents examined immunization information acquisition, practices, and barriers. Next, a physician survey examined immunization provider perceptions of parents' information acquisition, barriers and immunization practices. Several gaps were discovered between these two groups controlling the immunization of our children. Suggestions are made as to possible paths to begin addressing these gaps in order to increase immunization rates.
Subject(s)
Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice , Immunization/statistics & numerical data , Parents/psychology , Physicians, Family/psychology , Child, Preschool , Clinical Competence , Data Collection , Focus Groups , Health Education , Humans , Motivation , Patient Compliance , Physician-Patient Relations , Physicians, Family/statistics & numerical data , United StatesSubject(s)
Attitude of Health Personnel , Marketing of Health Services/statistics & numerical data , Physicians/psychology , Practice Management, Medical/statistics & numerical data , Advertising/statistics & numerical data , California , Evaluation Studies as Topic , Interviews as Topic , Marketing of Health Services/standards , Mass Media , Physicians/statistics & numerical data , Professional Practice Location , Surveys and QuestionnairesABSTRACT
Interobserver reliabilities were determined for the triceps, biceps, subscapular, suprailiac, and abdominal skinfolds in 77 children, 9-24 months of age. Technical errors of measurement (replicate variances) and coefficients of variation were compared to data on 12-17-year-olds from the U.S. Health Examination Survey (HES) to 2.5-7-year-old Guatamalan children. Of the five skinfolds, the between-observer variation was not significantly different from zero in four; in the case of the biceps fold, F-ratio was significant at p less than .01. Errors of measurement are less for these data than for the HES or Guatemalan studies. This difference is attributed to the larger means of the older children and youth, as well as to the greater error of measurement shown to exist for larger skinfolds.
Subject(s)
Skinfold Thickness , Adolescent , Analysis of Variance , Child , Child, Preschool , Humans , Infant , Reference StandardsABSTRACT
The population of children younger than 5 years old in three widely distributed villages in Punjab, Pakistan, was examined for skin disease in November 1980. Approximately 29% of the children had infectious skin disease, with pyoderma the predominant diagnostic category. There were significant differences in pyoderma prevalence rates between villages, with the suppressive effect of malathion spraying for malaria control on the insect population representing the most likely explanation for the observed differences. These data again emphasize the amount of skin disease, particularly in children, in rural areas of the lesser developed countries, and the desirability of focusing attention on the dermatologic needs of this vast sector of the world's population.
Subject(s)
Skin Diseases/epidemiology , Age Factors , Child, Preschool , Dermatitis, Atopic/epidemiology , Dermatitis, Contact/epidemiology , Humans , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Pakistan , Pyoderma/epidemiology , Skin Diseases, Infectious/epidemiology , Urban Population , WeatherSubject(s)
Body Height , Obesity , Adolescent , Body Weight , Female , Humans , Male , Obesity/etiology , Risk , Skinfold ThicknessSubject(s)
Body Height , Body Weight , Obesity , Skeleton/growth & development , Adolescent , Black People , Child , Female , Follow-Up Studies , Humans , Infant , Male , Skinfold Thickness , Urban PopulationABSTRACT
The prevalence of obesity was determined in 789 9 to 15-year-old Philadelphia subjects who had either a high (+1 SD) or a low (-1, SD) relative weight at 1 year of age. During the adolescent years, obesity was assessed by the triceps skin-fold thickness and by the relative weight, using national reference standards from the US Health Examination Survey. The prevalence of obesity for the high relative weight group at 1 year of age was three to four times higher than in the low relative weight group at 1 year of age. Compared with all urban youth of this age range, regardless of their status at 1 year of age, it is estimated that the risk ratio associated with a high relative weight at 1 year of age is approximately 1.6.
