ABSTRACT
Two new prenylated compounds, the benzoquinone atrovirinone (1) and the depsidone atrovirisidone (2), were isolated from the roots of Garcinia atroviridis. Their structures were determined on the basis of the analysis of spectroscopic data. While compound 2 showed some cytotoxicity against HeLa cells, both compounds 1 and 2 were only mildly inhibitory toward Bacillus cereus and Staphylococcus aureus.
Subject(s)
Anti-Infective Agents/isolation & purification , Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/isolation & purification , Benzoquinones/isolation & purification , Lactones/isolation & purification , Plants, Medicinal/chemistry , Adolescent , Anti-Bacterial Agents , Anti-Infective Agents/chemistry , Anti-Infective Agents/pharmacology , Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/chemistry , Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/pharmacology , Aspergillus ochraceus/drug effects , Bacillus cereus/drug effects , Benzoquinones/chemistry , Benzoquinones/pharmacology , Candida albicans/drug effects , Colchicine/pharmacology , Doxorubicin/pharmacology , Escherichia coli/drug effects , Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry , HeLa Cells , Humans , Lactones/chemistry , Lactones/pharmacology , Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy , Malaysia , Molecular Structure , Plant Roots/chemistry , Spectrophotometry, Infrared , Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet , Staphylococcus aureus/drug effects , Streptomycin/pharmacology , Tumor Cells, Cultured/drug effectsABSTRACT
Crude extracts (methanol) of various parts, viz. the leaves, fruits, roots, stem and trunk bark, of Garcinia atroviridis were screened for antimicrobial, cytotoxic, brine shrimp toxic, antitumour-promoting and antioxidant activities. The crude extracts exhibited predominantly antibacterial activity with the root extract showing the strongest inhibition against the test bacteria at a minimum inhibitory dose (MID) of 15.6 microg/disc. Although all the extracts failed to inhibit the growth of most of the test fungi, significant antifungal activity against Cladosporium herbarum was exhibited by most notably the fruit (MID: 100 microg), and the leaf (MID: 400 microg) extracts. None of the extracts were significantly cytotoxic, and lethal towards brine shrimps. The root, leaf, trunk and stem bark extracts (except for the fruits) showed strong antioxidant activity exceeding that of the standard antioxidant, alpha-tocopherol. Antitumour-promoting activity (>95% inhibition) was shown by the fruit, leaf, stem and trunk bark extracts.
Subject(s)
Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology , Anticarcinogenic Agents/pharmacology , Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/pharmacology , Plant Extracts/pharmacology , Rosales/chemistry , Animals , Cell Line , Decapoda , Humans , Microbial Sensitivity Tests , Toxicity TestsABSTRACT
Dichloromethane and methanol extracts of 13 Zingiberaceae species from the Alpinia, Costus and Zingiber genera were screened for antimicrobial and antioxidant activities. The antimicrobial activity of most of the extracts was antibacterial with only the methanol extract of Costus discolor showing very potent antifungal activity against only Aspergillus ochraceous (MID, 15.6 microg per disc). All the extracts showed strong antioxidant activity comparable with or higher that of alpha-tocopherol.
Subject(s)
Anti-Infective Agents/pharmacology , Antioxidants/pharmacology , Plant Extracts/pharmacology , Zingiberales/chemistry , Anti-Bacterial Agents , Aspergillus/drug effects , Bacillus subtilis/drug effects , Microbial Sensitivity Tests , Pseudomonas aeruginosa/drug effects , Species SpecificityABSTRACT
2-Formyl-1-hydroxyanthraquinone, along with ten other known anthraquinones (1-hydroxy-2-methylanthraquinone, nordamnacanthal, damnacanthal, lucidin-?-methyl ether, rubiadin, rubiadin-1-methyl ether, soranjidiol, morindone, morindone-5-methyl ether and alizarin-1-methyl ether), isolated from the roots of Morinda elliptica , were assayed for anti-HIV, cytotoxic and antimicrobial activites. Only damnacanthal showed moderate activity against HIV. It was cytotoxic towards the MCF-7 (breast carcinoma) and CEM-SS (T-lymphoblastic leukaemia) cell line. Nordamnacanthal was very cytotoxic against the CEM-SS cell lines. Other anthraquinones that showed strong cytotoxicity towards the cell lines tested were lucidin-?-methyl ether (CEM-SS and MCF-7) and rubiadin (CEM-SS). Three anthraquinones viz., nordamnacanthal, damnacanthal and morindone, were found to have strong antimicrobial activity.
ABSTRACT
The cytotoxicity of goniothalamin was found to be strong towards both cancerous (HGC-27, MCF-7, PANC-1, HeLa), and non-cancerous (3T3) cell lines, especially in cases of dividing cells. Drug exposure studies indicated that the cytotoxic action of goniothalamin was time- and dose-dependent. At the ultrastructural level, goniothalamin-induced cytotoxicity revealed a necrotic mode of cell death towards MCF-7 cells.
