[Variation in mycoses frequency in Mexico]. / Variación en la frecuencia de micosis en México.

We show the records about diagnosed mycoses in a hospital in Mexico City in two periods of time: from 1967 to 1977 and from 1993 to 1997. In the former 15,429 patients were studied and in the latter, 5,998. Striking differences among frequency, etiological agents and clinical outcome, were observed. The most frequent infections in both lapses were the superficial ones, however the most recent scores showed a notorious increase in opportunistic infections. We diagnosed only one histoplasmosis case during the period from 1993 to 1997. Etiological agents have also changed, dermatophytes frequency like Trichophyton mentagrophytes and T. tonsurans have diminished while T. rubrum increased from 60% to 80% of the whole dermatophytoses cases. Even though Criptococcus neoformans used to be the only agent causing criptococosis, in the most recent report we found that C. laurentii, C. terreus and C. unigutulatus were also isolated. Another important difference was mortality in rhinocerebral mucormicosis: twenty years ago it was fairly 80%, nowadays it has decreased to 20%.

Variación en la frecuencia de micosis en México. / [Variation in mycoses frequency in Mexico]

We show the records about diagnosed mycoses in a hospital in Mexico City in two periods of time: from 1967 to 1977 and from 1993 to 1997. In the former 15,429 patients were studied and in the latter, 5,998. Striking differences among frequency, etiological agents and clinical outcome, were observed. The most frequent infections in both lapses were the superficial ones, however the most recent scores showed a notorious increase in opportunistic infections. We diagnosed only one histoplasmosis case during the period from 1993 to 1997. Etiological agents have also changed, dermatophytes frequency like Trichophyton mentagrophytes and T. tonsurans have diminished while T. rubrum increased from 60

to 80

of the whole dermatophytoses cases. Even though Criptococcus neoformans used to be the only agent causing criptococosis, in the most recent report we found that C. laurentii, C. terreus and C. unigutulatus were also isolated. Another important difference was mortality in rhinocerebral mucormicosis: twenty years ago it was fairly 80

, nowadays it has decreased to 20

.

[The treatment of scabies with oral ivermectin]. / Tratamiento de la escabiasis con ivermectina por vía oral.

To evaluate the efficacy and safety of a single 200 mcg/Kg dose of ivermectine as compared with placebo in the treatment of scabies was settled. Fifty five patients with the diagnosis of scabies were randomized to a single oral dose of ivermectine or placebo. The study informed that 26 (79.3%) patients were cured with ivermectine on their first follow-up visit, as compared to only four (16%) in the placebo group (X2 = 77.07, p < 0.001). Overall, 37 of 50 (74%) patients treated with ivermectine cured, as compared to only four of 26 (16%) treated with placebo, this difference was still significant (X2 = 23.66, p < 0.001). We concluded that ivermectine is a safe and effective treatment for scabies.

[Epidemiology of mycetoma in Mexico: study of 2105 cases]. / Epidemiología del micetoma en México: estudio de 2105 casos.

A survey was carried out in Mexico to determine the incidence and epidemiological characteristics of mycetoma. Data was collected from a total of 2105 cases of mycetoma throughout a 30 year period (1956-1985), with an average incidence of 70 cases per year. Results showed a sex distribution of 76.1% male and 23.9% females. Age distribution indicated a 35% between 16 to 30 and 23% between 31 to 40 year old population. Most cases occurred in land-workers (60.2%) and in housewives with rural residence (21.3%). Lesions occurred most frequently in lower limbs (64.1%), trunk (17.4%) and upper limbs (13.6%). The geographic distribution within Mexico revealed that the States with the highest incidence were: Jalisco, Nuevo León, San Luis Potosi, Morelos and Guerrero The predominant etiologic agents found 97.8% corresponded to actinomycetes, from which Nocardia brasiliensis (86.6%) and Actinomadura madurae (10.2%) showed the higher frequency. Eumycetoma (2.2%) was due to Madurella grisea and M. mycetomatis in most cases.

[Sarcoidosis (intra- and extrathoracic): apropos a Mexican case]. / Sarcoidosis (intra y extratorácica): a propósito de un caso mexicano.

In this paper, we report a case of sarcoidosis, in a 15-years-old boy. Clinical picture has cutaneous findings as only manifestation. Clinical approach was oriented by reticulosis. Diagnosis of sarcoidosis, was based in scans that shows pulmonary involvement. Lastly, granulomatoses disorders most common in our country, like tuberculosis and leprosy, were excluded.

[Cutaneous leukocytoclastic vasculitis as a marker of systemic diseases]. / Vasculitis leucocitoclástica cutánea como marcador de enfermedades sistémicas.

Fifty-eight patients with cutaneous leukocytoclastic vasculitis were evaluated. The most frequent cutaneous manifestation was purpura, followed by palpable purpura. Vascular inflammation was confirmed by skin biopsy: two distinct patterns of cellular infiltrate were found, a neutrophilic-predominant and a mononuclear-predominant type, as a manifestation of the dynamic evolution of the process. On the basis of the associated disease we grouped our cases as follows: autoimmune disease, reaction, malignancy, infection and idiopathic.

[The importance of the protein antigens of Mycobacterium leprae. Their potential use for the development of a vaccine against leprosy]. / Importancia de los antígenos protéicos de Mycobacterium leprae. Uso potencial para el desarrollo de una vacuna contra la lepra.

The purpose of this review is to describe M. leprae antigenic structures that are considered relevant for the development of a vaccine. Other biological elements presently utilized in vaccination and immune therapy against leprosy are also reviewed, and the possibility of having in the future an effective vaccine obtained at low cost through molecular biology recombinant techniques. This review also describes some epidemiological and control aspects of leprosy within the general framework of the importance of this disease.

[Evaluation of the efficacy and toxicity of local fusidic aid versus oral dicloxacillin in infections of the skin]. / Evaluación de la eficacia y toxicidad del ácido fusídico local frente a dicloxacilina oral en infecciones de la piel.

In a double-blind test it was shown the efficacy of topical fusidic acid in comparison with oral dicloxacillin, in patients with skin infection by Staphylococcus aureus or/and Streptococcus pyogenes. In the experimental group, 16 patients from 20 received 2% topical fusidic acid in cream and reacted well in a shorter period of time than 17 from a group of 20 that had 500 mg. of dicloxacillin orally twice a day.

Dermatitis bulosa mucosinequiante y atrofiante (penfigoide benigno de las mucosas). A proposito de un caso. / Muco-sinechiant and atrophiant bullous dermatitis (benign mucous penphigoid). Apropos of a case

El penfigoide benigno de las mucosas es una entidad que afecta simultaneamente las mucosas ocular, bucal, genital y esofagica y en ocasiones algunas semimucosas. Su evolucion es prolongada y con el tiempo se desarrollan sinequias que producen transtornos funcionals importantes.En la actualidad se conoce como dermatitis bulosa, mucosinequiante y atrofiante de Lortat-Jacob. Se informa un caso tipico en el que se descubrieron lesiones en las mucosas cuten algunos conceptos actuales en relacuten algunos conceptos actualles en relacion con su etiopatogenia

Dermatitis de contacto alergica por colorantes en calcetines. / Alergic contact dermatitis to dyes in socks

La dermatitis de contacto alergica por colorantes en calcetines, constituye un problema cronico e incapacitante, su diagnostico no siempre es sencillo y a menudo se confunde con otras dermatosis que afectan los pies.Los agentes etiologicos principales son los colorantes azoicos derivados del aminoazobenceno y otros colorantes de tipo antraquinonico que pueden jugar tambien un papel importante. El diagnostico preciso puede efectuarse unicamente por medio de pruebas epicutaneas con los colorantes utilizados en la tincion de acetato, nylon y poliester, asi como con fragmentos de las prendas sospechosas, lo cual permite identificarlas, facilitando las alternativas adecuadas para el uso de calcetines que pueden ser tolerados por el paciente. Es importante completar el estudio inmunologico con otras substancias que pueden originar dermatitis de contacto en los pies como son materiales del calzado y medicamentos topicos

A "new" autosomal dominant genodermatosis characterized by hyperpigmented spots and plamoplantar hyperkeratosis.

A previously undescribed genodermatosis consisting of tiny hyperpigmented spots aggregated in irregular maculae and mainly localized in the regions exposed to light is reported. Hyperkeratotic papules in the palms and soles were also present. Autosomal dominant inheritance is concluded.

[Tinea nigra. Apropos of a case diagnosed as melanoma of superficial dissemination]. / Tinea Nigra. A propósito de un caso diagnosticado como melanoma de diseminación superficial.

The authors report a case of tinea nigra of left sole, diagnosticate at the beginning as melanoma of superficial dissemination. The mycological studies confirmed the dermatological diagnostic of tinea nigra by Cladosporium werneckii.