Retrograde solubility of formamidinium and methylammonium lead halide perovskites enabling rapid single crystal growth.

Here we show the retrograde solubility of various hybrid perovskites through the correct choice of solvent(s) and report their solubility curves. Retrograde solubility enables to develop inverse temperature crystallization of FAPbX3 (FA = HC(NH2)2(+), X = Br(-)/I(-)). FAPbI3 crystals exhibit a 1.4 eV bandgap--considerably narrower than their polycrystalline counterparts.

High-quality bulk hybrid perovskite single crystals within minutes by inverse temperature crystallization.

Single crystals of methylammonium lead trihalide perovskites (MAPbX3; MA = CH3NH3(+), X = Br(-) or I(-)) have shown remarkably low trap density and charge transport properties; however, growth of such high-quality semiconductors is a time-consuming process. Here we present a rapid crystal growth process to obtain MAPbX3 single crystals, an order of magnitude faster than previous reports. The process is based on our observation of the substantial decrease of MAPbX3 solubility, in certain solvents, at elevated temperatures. The crystals can be both size- and shape-controlled by manipulating the different crystallization parameters. Despite the rapidity of the method, the grown crystals exhibit transport properties and trap densities comparable to the highest quality MAPbX3 reported to date. The phenomenon of inverse or retrograde solubility and its correlated inverse temperature crystallization strategy present a major step forward for advancing the field on perovskite crystallization.

CH3NH3PbCl3 Single Crystals: Inverse Temperature Crystallization and Visible-Blind UV-Photodetector.

Single crystals of hybrid perovskites have shown remarkably improved physical properties compared to their polycrystalline film counterparts, underscoring their importance in the further development of advanced semiconductor devices. Here we present a new method of growing sizable CH3NH3PbCl3 single crystals based on the retrograde solubility behavior of hybrid perovskites. We show, for the first time, the energy band structure, charge recombination, and transport properties of CH3NH3PbCl3 single crystals. These crystals exhibit trap-state density, charge carrier concentration, mobility, and diffusion length comparable with the best quality crystals of methylammonium lead iodide or bromide perovskites reported so far. The high quality of the crystal along with its suitable optical band gap enabled us to build an efficient visible-blind UV-photodetector, demonstrating its potential in optoelectronic applications.