ABSTRACT
Brucellosis is a worldwide zoonosis. Infection with Brucella species results in the activation of cell-mediated immune response. The interaction between Th1and Th2 cytokines determines the outcome of disease. Production of each cytokine is in turn affected by genetic factors. In this study, we investigated the possible association between Th1 cytokines gene polymorphism and brucellosis. Different genotypes of TNF-alpha, IFN-gamma and IL-2 were determined by polymerase chain reaction-sequence-specific primer in 47 patients with brucellosis and in 166 healthy controls. Allele frequencies of these genotypes were compared using the chi2 test. The results showed a significant difference in the TNF-alpha genotype GG/GG in patients in comparison with controls (76.7% vs. 21%) (P = 0.001, OR = 12.42, 95%CI 5.7-27.7). There was no significant difference in the frequency distribution of the IFN-gamma genotypes between two groups. IL-2 GG genotype at position -330 was about two times more common in cases than in controls, but the difference was not significant (10.6 vs. 4.6 P value = 0.09). This study shows that genetically low producers of TNF-alpha are possibly susceptible to brucellosis and raise doubt about the role of gene polymorphism of INF-gamma in brucellosis which was demonstrated in previous studies. It seems that patients with brucellosis did not have a defect in producing IL-2 with even a trend towards producing higher amounts of this cytokine.
Subject(s)
Brucellosis/immunology , Cytokines/genetics , Polymorphism, Genetic , Th1 Cells/immunology , Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/genetics , Adult , Aged , Down-Regulation , Female , Humans , Interferon-gamma/genetics , Male , Middle AgedABSTRACT
This paper reports on the synthesis and the antiparasitical activity of some 5-nitrothiophene aldimines variously substituted on aniline nucleus. The influence of substituents on the activity of the prepared compounds is discussed.
Subject(s)
Antiprotozoal Agents/chemical synthesis , Imines/chemical synthesis , Thiophenes/chemical synthesis , Animals , Antiprotozoal Agents/pharmacology , Entamoeba histolytica/drug effects , Eukaryota/drug effects , Imines/pharmacology , Leishmania/drug effects , Microbial Sensitivity Tests , Plasmodium falciparum/drug effects , Structure-Activity Relationship , Thiophenes/pharmacology , Trichomonas vaginalis/drug effectsABSTRACT
Two series of hydrazones were prepared by condensation of various aldehydes with 2-aminorhodanine (series 1) and 2-hydrazino-2-imidazoline (series 2). These compounds showed interesting antiparasitic activities against amoeba, trichomonas, leishmania and plasmodium.
Subject(s)
Antiprotozoal Agents/chemical synthesis , Rhodanine/analogs & derivatives , Animals , Antiprotozoal Agents/pharmacology , Eukaryota/drug effects , Hydrazones/chemical synthesis , Hydrazones/pharmacology , Imidazoles/chemical synthesis , Imidazoles/pharmacology , In Vitro Techniques , Microbial Sensitivity Tests , Rabbits , Rhodanine/chemical synthesis , Rhodanine/pharmacologyABSTRACT
The lack of leishmanicidal drugs has prompted the synthesis and testing of new hydrazones of thiophene carboxaldehydes against three Leishmania strains. The compounds were obtained by condensation of appropriate hydrazines with thiophene 2-carboxaldehyde (series 1), thiophene 3-carboxaldehyde (series 2), and 5-nitrothiophene-2-carboxaldehyde (series 3). Leishmanicidal activity was assessed against promastigotes of Leishmania strains, grown in-vitro in nutrient broth medium complemented with fresh rabbit blood. The minimal inhibitory concentrations were evaluated against pentamidine, as a reference drug. Several compounds exhibited significant leishmanicidal activity, the best being ten times more active than pentamidine.
Subject(s)
Antiprotozoal Agents/pharmacology , Hydrazones/pharmacology , Leishmania donovani/drug effects , Leishmania tropica/drug effects , Animals , Antiprotozoal Agents/chemical synthesis , Hydrazones/chemical synthesis , Microbial Sensitivity Tests , Pentamidine/pharmacology , Rabbits , Structure-Activity Relationship , Thiophenes/chemical synthesis , Thiophenes/pharmacologyABSTRACT
Various hydrazones of thiophene carboxaldehyde were tested in vitro on two Plasmodium falciparum strains and in vivo on mice experimentally infected with Plasmodium berghei. These hydrazones were obtained by condensation of appropriate hydrazines with thiophene-2-carboxaldehyde (series 1), thiophene-3- carboxaldehyde (series 2) and 5-Nitrothiophene-2-carboxaldehyde (series 3). Compounds of series 3, 5-Nitrothiophene-2-carboxaldehyde presented significant effects in vitro. In vivo tests confirmed the antimalarial activity observed in vitro with two compounds of this series.
