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1.
Toxins (Basel) ; 11(5)2019 05 21.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31117211

ABSTRACT

The aim of this study was to determine the potential for accumulation of deoxynivalenol (DON) in yellow mealworm larvae (Tenebrio molitor) reared on high DON Fusarium-infected wheat and investigate the effects on production, survival and nutritional traits. Wheat containing 200 µg/kg DON was used as the control diet. A different source of wheat was sorted into six fractions and mixed to obtain low (2000 µg/kg), medium (10,000 µg/kg) and high (12,000 µg/kg) levels of DON. Each diet was replicated five times with 300 or 200 mealworms per replicate for the feeding and breeding trials, respectively. Trial termination occurred when the first two pupae were observed (32-34 days). There was no difference in the concentrations of DON detected in the larvae between diets that ranged from 122 ± 19.3 to 136 ± 40.5 µg/kg (p = 0.88). Excretion of DON was 131, 324, 230 and 742 µg/kg for control, low, medium and high, respectively. Nutritional analysis of larvae showed maximum crude protein of 52% and crude fat of 36%. Ash, fiber, chitin, fatty-acids and amino-acid content were consistent across diets. Survival was greater than 96% for all life stages and average daily gain ranged from 1.9 ± 0.1 to 2.1 ± 0.1 mg/day per mealworm. Larvae accumulated low levels of DON from Fusarium-infected wheat diets suggesting contaminated wheat could be used to produce a sustainable, safe protein source.


Subject(s)
Larva/metabolism , Tenebrio , Trichothecenes/metabolism , Triticum/microbiology , Animal Feed , Animals , Dietary Proteins , Food Contamination , Fusarium/metabolism
2.
Can Vet J ; 58(5): 488-492, 2017 May.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28507388

ABSTRACT

This report describes congenital nuclear cataracts and posterior lenticonus in a closed purebred Holstein dairy herd in Canada. Ophthalmic examinations were completed on 30 male and 249 female cattle aged newborn to 10 years old. Nutritional, infectious, and toxic etiologies were investigated. Necropsies of 3 affected calves were performed and eyes of 2 additional affected calves were examined with light microscopy. Bilateral nuclear cataracts were identified in 53/279 (19%) animals. Additional congenital anomalies observed included posterior lenticonus, iris to lens persistent pupillary membranes (n = 7), and lenticular colobomata (n = 1). Heifers did not give birth to calves with congenital nuclear cataracts (0/105), whereas the incidence of affected calves born to multiparous cows was 31% (53/171). The animals with nuclear cataracts ranged from newborn to 8 years old. The cataracts appeared to be non- or minimally progressive. Light microscopic examination of 10 affected globes confirmed nuclear cataract with posterior lenticonus (n = 10). Pedigree analysis was inconclusive. Polymerase chain reaction and sequence analysis for the NID1 gene deletion were negative. The etiology of the congenital lenticular anomalies was not determined.


Cataractes nucléaires congénitales dans un troupeau laitier Holstein. Cette étude rapporte les résultats d'une enquête sur des cataractes nucléaires congénitales et des lenticônes postérieurs dans un troupeau laitier fermé Holstein pur-sang au Canada. Des examens ophtalmiques ont été réalisés sur 30 bovins mâles et 249 bovins femelles qui étaient âgés de nouveau-né à 10 ans. Les étiologies nutritionnelles, infectieuses et toxiques ont été étudiées. Des nécropsies ont été effectuées pour trois veaux touchés et les yeux de deux veaux affectés additionnels ont été examinés à l'aide de microscopie photonique. Des cataractes nucléaires bilatérales ont été identifiées chez 53/279 (19 %) des animaux. Les anomalies congénitales additionnelles observées incluaient le lenticône postérieur, des membranes pupillaires persistantes de l'iris à la lentille (n = 7) et le colobome lenticulaire (n = 1). Les taures n'ont pas donné naissance à des veaux avec des cataractes nucléaires congénitales (0/105), tandis que l'incidence des veaux affectés nés de vaches multipares était de 31 % (53/171). Les animaux avec des cataractes nucléaires étaient âgés de nouveau-né à 8 ans. Les cataractes semblaient être non progressives ou minimalement progressives. Un examen à l'aide d'un microscope photonique de 10 globes affectés a confirmé la cataracte nucléaire avec un lenticône postérieur (n = 10). L'analyse du pedigree a été non-concluante. Une réaction d'amplification en chaîne par la polymérase et une analyse de séquence pour la suppression du gène NID1 ont été négatives. L'étiologie des anomalies lenticulaires congénitales n'a pas été déterminée.(Traduit par Isabelle Vallières).


Subject(s)
Cataract/veterinary , Cattle Diseases/congenital , Animals , Canada , Cataract/congenital , Cataract/diagnosis , Cataract/genetics , Cattle , Cattle Diseases/diagnosis , Cattle Diseases/genetics , Female , Male , Pedigree
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