Antimicrobial Efficacy of Chlorhexidine and Herbal Mouth Rinse on Salivary Streptococcus mutans in Children with Mixed Dentition: A Randomized Crossover Study.

Aim and objective: Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) shows increased resistance to currently available antibiotics and chemotherapeutics. The present study compares the effectiveness of chlorhexidine and Herbal mouth rinse against salivary S. mutans in children with mixed dentition. Materials and methods: Subjects (n = 60) with mixed dentition were selected for the study. Caries status was recorded using Nyvard's criteria. Baseline saliva samples were collected and assessed for quantifying S. mutans. Subjects were instructed to rinse their mouths with 0.2 % w/v chlorhexidine and herbal mouth rinse for 7 days. Saliva samples were collected after 7 days and assessed for S. mutans. After a run-in period of 21 days, both the mouth rinses were crossed over according to the Latin square design, and a similar procedure was carried out. Later, determination of mean colony-forming units (CFU/mL) from the saliva samples was done. For statistical analysis, Kolmogorov and Mann-Whitney U tests were applied. Results: Both the groups showed a significant reduction in S. mutans count, at baseline and 7 days (p = 0.0001), and the reduction of S. mutans count in herbal mouth rinse as compared to chlorhexidine mouth rinse (p = 0.0209) was statistically significant. Conclusion: Herbal mouth rinse proved to have better antimicrobial efficacy than Chlorhexidine mouth rinse. How to cite this article: Shah SV, Badakar CM, Hugar SM, et al. Antimicrobial Efficacy of Chlorhexidine and Herbal Mouth Rinse on Salivary Streptococcus mutans in Children with Mixed Dentition: A Randomized Crossover Study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2022;15(1):99-103.

Utility of Doppler ultrasound in early-onset neonatal sepsis.

BACKGROUND: Neonatal sepsis is an important cause of morbidity and mortality among newborns. As there is paucity of literature regarding early alteration of the cerebral blood flow (CBF) in neonatal sepsis our study aims to evaluate the changes in the CBF velocities and Doppler indices in neonates with early-onset neonatal sepsis (EONS) and to evaluate the predictive accuracy of cerebral blood flow velocities (CBFV) by using ultrasound Doppler as a diagnostic marker of EONS. METHODS: This cross-sectional analytical study was conducted over a period of 2 years with 123 neonates enrolled in the study. The neonates were divided into two groups: Group I (with 54 neonates) - neonates with EONS and group II (with 69 neonates) - age-matched neonates without any signs of sepsis. Ultrasound Doppler examination was performed and the cerebral hemodynamics assessed in neonates during the first seventy two hours of life. Doppler indices and CBFV were measured in the internal carotid artery (ICA), middle cerebral artery (MCA), and vertebral artery (VA) of either side. Data were analyzed using the statistical program SPSS version 23.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), and diagnostic accuracy were calculated at different selected cutoff values for CBFV parameters. RESULTS: Lower resistance and higher peak systolic velocity and end diastolic velocity have been documented in neonates with EONS. CONCLUSION: Our study shows that the cerebral hemodynamics in neonates with EONS is altered which can be assessed bedside by noninvasive ultrasound Doppler examination.

Comparative Evaluation of Retention and Antibacterial Efficacy of Compomer and Glass Hybrid Bulk Fill Restorative Material as a Conservative Adhesive Restoration in Children with Mixed Dentition-An In Vivo Two-arm Parallel-group Double-blinded Randomized Controlled Study.

AIM AND OBJECTIVE: To compare and evaluate the retention along with antibacterial efficacy of colored compomer and glass hybrid bulk fill glass ionomer restorative material as a conservative adhesive restoration in children of age 6-12 years. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixty children were selected fulfilling the inclusion and exclusion criteria falling in the age group of 6-12 years with mixed dentition and two groups were formed: group I-colored compomer and group II-glass hybrid bulk fill material. Initially, oral prophylaxis was carried out and baseline collection of saliva was completed. Then, the restorative treatment was completed. Retention of the material and antibacterial count [colony-forming units (CFU)/mL of saliva] was estimated at 1, 3, and 6 months after the restorative procedure. RESULTS: It was seen that retention rate with glass hybrid bulk fill group was 100%, whereas with colored compomer group it was 90% at end of 6 months. Although good antibacterial activity was shown by both the group at 1, 3, and 6 months follow-up but statistically significant drop was seen in the glass hybrid bulk fill group at 3-month intervals than the colored compomer group with a p value of 0.0001 (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Among both the materials, glass hybrid bulk fill restorative material showed good retention compared to Colored compomer material but it was not statistically very significant. Also, both the materials have shown good antimicrobial activity at 1, 3, and 6 months follow-up. HOW TO CITE THIS ARTICLE: Mundada MV, Hugar SM, Hallikerimath S, e t a l. Comparative Evaluation of Retention and Antibacterial Efficacy of Compomer and Glass Hybrid Bulk Fill Restorative Material as a Conservative Adhesive Restoration in Children with Mixed Dentition-An In Vivo Two-arm Parallel-group Double-blinded Randomized Controlled Study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2020;13(S-1):S45-S54.

Comparative evaluation of the antimicrobial susceptibility and cytotoxicity of husk extract of Cocos nucifera and chlorhexidine as irrigating solutions against Enterococcus Faecalis, Prevotella Intermedia and Porphyromonas Gingivalis - An in-vitro study.

AIM AND BACKGROUND: The aim of the present study is to evaluate and compare the antimicrobial susceptibility and cytotoxicity of Cocos nucifera and chlorhexidine (CHX) as irrigating solutions against Enterococcus faecalis, Prevotella intermedia, and Porphyromonas gingivalis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The ethanolic extract of husk of C. nucifera was prepared. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of the extract were determined using the serial broth dilution method and its cytotoxicity was evaluated against human periodontal fibroblasts using 3-(4,5-dimethyl-thiazole-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide assay. Antibacterial susceptibility for two irrigating solutions, namely 2% CHX gluconate irrigant (Group I) and 1.5% C. nucifera husk irrigant (Group II), was tested against P. gingivalis, P. intermedia, and E. faecalis. RESULTS: The MIC and MBC of C. nucifera husk extract for P. gingivalis were 468.75 µg/ml and 1562.5 µg/ml, for P. intermedia were 48.8 µg/ml and 1875 µg/ml, and for E. faecalis were 1562.5 µg/ml and 3750 µg/ml, respectively. The extract was nontoxic to the human periodontal fibroblast. Both the materials have shown similar antibacterial susceptibility and no difference was observed at baseline, 10, 30, and 60 min using two-way repeated measures of ANOVA. However, a statistically significant difference was observed between different time points for P. gingivalis and P. intermedia using Bonferroni multiple comparison test (f = 826.1390, P ≤ 0.05). CONCLUSION: 1.5% of ethanolic husk extract of C. nucifera has a significant antibacterial action against polymicrobial dental biofilm and its activity is comparable to that of 2% CHX which validates its use as a future irrigating solution for overcoming bacterial resistance with synthetic agents.

An In Vivo Comparative Evaluation of Dental Anxiety Level and Clinical Success Rate of Composite and Multicolored Compomers in 6 to 12 years of Children.

BACKGROUND: Pediatric dentistry is not just about treating the tooth, but it also involves giving an overall comprehensive treatment to the child. Children like different colors and when the child is allowed to select the color of the restoration, it will positively motivate the child to accept dental treatment. AIM: The aim of our study was to evaluate and compare the clinical success rate of composite and multicolored compomer restorations and dental anxiety level in children. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 60 samples equally divided into two study groups by of split-mouth design. In the control group, subjects received composites and in experimental group, they received colored compomers. The dental behavior was assessed using the Frankl behavior rating scale for both the groups. Dental anxiety was checked in the patients using visual analogue scale (VAS) before and after the treatment for both the groups. Children were recalled for follow up at 1, 3 and 6 months to evaluate clinical success rate amongst control and experimental group and results were subjected to statistical analysis. RESULTS: Colored compomer proved to reduce the anxiety in the child and had a better behavioral response and positive attitude. Both restorative materials had comparable clinical success rates. CONCLUSION: At 6 months follow-up evaluation colored compomer restorative material showing promising with similar properties like that of composites with the added advantage of multicolors and can be considered as the new restorative material in the child dentistry. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Colored compomers are known to be excellent alternative restorative materials for restoration of teeth in children as they aid in behavior modification and good compliance from the patient. HOW TO CITE THIS ARTICLE: Hugar SM, Kohli D, Badakar CM, Gokhale NS, Thakkar PJ, Mundada MV. An In Vivo Comparative Evaluation of Dental Anxiety Level and Clinical Success Rate of Composite and Multicolored Compomers in 6 to 12 years of Children. International Journal of Clinical Pediatric Dentistry, 2018;11(6):483-489.

Comparative Assessment of Conventional Composites and Coloured Compomers in Permanent Molars of Children with Mixed Dentition: A Pilot Study.

INTRODUCTION: Early treatment of carious lesions in children is important for the maintenance of oral health. Multicoloured restorations could be the impetus for an extremely nervous or defiant child to take dental treatment. AIM: The aim of this study was to assess and compare the clinical success of conventional composites and coloured compomer material in first permanent molars of children with mixed dentition. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of sixty sites, divided into two groups, with thirty subjects in each group using split mouth design were chosen amongst patients reporting to Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry. In control group conventional composites were placed, similarly coloured compomers were placed in experimental group under standard operating protocol. Patients were recalled for assessment of clinical success amongst control as well as experimental group at regular intervals of one; three and six months follow up based on Modified Ryge's Criteria. Statistical analysis was done using Chi-square test using SPSS version 20.0 (Chicago, USA). RESULTS: Both conventional composites and coloured compomers had comparable retention rates in terms of anatomical form, marginal integrity, secondary caries and marginal discolouration. CONCLUSION: The coloured compomer material showed promising results in this six month follow up study in permanent molars and had properties comparable to that of conventional composites.

Effect of nitro groups on the photo physical properties of benzimidazolone: a solvatochromic study.

Electronic absorption and fluorescence spectra of mono, di, and tri-nitro benzimidazolones are measured at room temperature (298 K) in nine solvents with different polarities and the observed shifts are compared with benzimidazolone. Ground and excited state electric dipole moments are determined using the solvatochromic method based on the bulk solvent properties, F(1)(ε, n) and F(2)(ε, n). A reasonable agreement is observed between the experimental and ab initio dipole moments. Change in dipole moment is also determined using the solvatochromic method based on the microscopic solvent polarity parameter, (E(T)(N)), which considers the polarization changes due to hydrogen bonding in different solvents. It has been observed that the correlation of the solvatochromic Stokes shifts with the parameter (E(T)(N)), is superior to that derived using bulk solvent polarity functions for all the benzimidazolones reported in the present study. Calculated difference between excited state and ground state dipole moments seems to be a good measure of the effect of nitro group when correlated with (E(T)(N)).

Simultaneous determination of cefixime trihydrate and dicloxacillin sodium in pharmaceutical dosage form by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography.

A simple, precise, accurate, and sensitive RP-HPLC method for simultaneous determination of cefixime trihydrate and dicloxacillin sodium in combined tablet dosage form was developed and validated. Chromatographic separation of the two drugs was performed on a Purospher BDS C18 column (25 cm x 4.6 mm id, 5 microm particle size). The mobile phase methanol-0.01 M phosphate buffer (75 + 25, v/v), adjusted to pH 3 with glacial acetic acid, was delivered at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. Detection was performed at 227 nm. Separation was completed within 10 min. Calibration curves were linear with R2 between 0.99 to 1.0 over a concentration range of 2-10 microg/mL for cefixime trihydrate and 5-25 micromL for dicloxacillin sodium. The RSD for intraday and interday precision was < 2.0%.

1,3-Bis(hydroxy-meth-yl)benzimidazolin-2-one.

The title compound, C(9)H(10)N(2)O(3), crystallizes with one and a half mol-ecules in the asymmetric unit, one lying on a general position and the other on a twofold rotation axis. The dihedral angle between the two independent benzimidazole ring systems is 18.96 (5)°. In the crystal, mol-ecules are linked into a three-dimensional network by O-H⋯O hydrogen bonding involving N-hydroxy-methyl and carbonyl groups, and C-H⋯O hydrogen bonds.

Simultaneous estimation of Cefixime and Erdosteine in capsule dosage form by spectrophotometric method.

Two accurate, precise, rapid and economical methods viz. Absorption correction method and Dual wavelength method were developed for the estimation of Cefixime (CEF) and Erdosteine (ERDO) in capsule dosage form. In both the methods linearity was observed in the concentration range of 2-25 microg/ml for Cefixime and 3-37.5 microg/ml for Erdosteine. The results of the analysis have been validated statistically and by recovery studies. The percentage assay was found to be 100.03 +/- 0.68 for Cefixime and 99.5 +/- 1.0 for Erdosteine (Mean +/- S.D) by method A and 99.54 +/- 0.84 for Cefixime and 100.54 +/- 1.3 for Erdosteine (Mean +/- S.D) by method B respectively.