Ballistic Brownian Motion of Nanoconfined DNA.

Theoretical treatments of polymer dynamics in liquid generally start with the basic assumption that motion at the smallest scale is heavily overdamped; therefore, inertia can be neglected. We report on the Brownian motion of tethered DNA under nanoconfinement, which was analyzed by molecular dynamics simulation and nanoelectrochemistry-based single-electron shuttle experiments. Our results show a transition into the ballistic Brownian motion regime for short DNA in sub-5 nm gaps, with quality coefficients as high as 2 for double-stranded DNA, an effect mainly attributed to a drastic increase in stiffness. The possibility for DNA to enter the underdamped regime could have profound implications on our understanding of the energetics of biomolecular engines such as the replication machinery, which operates in nanocavities that are a few nanometers wide.

How to orchestrate a soccer team: Generalized synchronization promoted by rhythmic acoustic stimuli.

Interpersonal coordination requires precise actions concerted in space and time in a self-organized manner. We found, using soccer teams as a testing ground, that a common timeframe provided by adequate acoustic stimuli improves the interplay between teammates. We provide quantitative evidence that the connectivity between teammates and the scoring rate of male soccer teams improve significantly when playing under the influence of an appropriate acoustic environment. Unexpectedly, female teams do not show any improvement under the same experimental conditions. We show by follow-up experiments that the acoustic rhythm modulates the attention level of the participants with a pronounced tempo preference and a marked gender difference in the preferred tempo. These results lead to a consistent explanation in terms of the dynamical system theory, nonlinear resonances, and dynamic attention theory, which may illuminate generic mechanisms of the brain dynamics and may have an impact on the design of novel training strategies in team sports.

Noise suppression beyond the thermal limit with nanotransistor biosensors.

Transistor biosensors are mass-fabrication-compatible devices of interest for point of care diagnosis as well as molecular interaction studies. While the actual transistor gates in processors reach the sub-10 nm range for optimum integration and power consumption, studies on design rules for the signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) optimization in transistor-based biosensors have been so far restricted to 1 µm2 device gate area, a range where the discrete nature of the defects can be neglected. In this study, which combines experiments and theoretical analysis at both numerical and analytical levels, we extend such investigation to the nanometer range and highlight the effect of doping type as well as the noise suppression opportunities offered at this scale. In particular, we show that, when a single trap is active near the conductive channel, the noise can be suppressed even beyond the thermal limit by monitoring the trap occupancy probability in an approach analog to the stochastic resonance effect used in biological systems.

Rehabilitación de maxilares clases I y II de Kennedy mediante prótesis removibles / Rehabilitation of maxillary Kennedy class I & II treated with removable dentures

RESUMEN: La irrupción de los implantes óseo integrados y su posterior validación, a comienzos de los años '80, aportó sin duda un utilísimo recurso en la rehabilitación oral. Lamentablemente, en gran medida debido a los costes económicos involucrados, a pesar de alentadores augurios, no han devenido en una alternativa terapéutica concreta para la gran mayoría de los pacientes desdentados. El edentulismo parcial de maxilas, clases Kennedy I y II, con remanencia de todos o parte de los dientes del sextante 2, en su mayoría casos de sustancial complejidad, léase clases III del Índice Diagnóstico Prostodóntico, genera un desafío protésico a solventar en relación a la retención y satisfacción estética de los pacientes. Presentamos en este reporte dos de estos casos, rehabilitados mediante prótesis metálicas "convencionales", en los cuales creemos logramos conjugar acertadamente ambas variables, combinando complejos retentivos RMC y facetas retentivas friccionales.

ABSTRACT The emergence of osseointegrated implants and their further validation, at the beginning of the 80's, contributed undoubtedly to oral rehabilitation as a very useful resource. Unfortunately, mainly because of the economic costs involved and despite an encouraging initial augury, they have not become in a specific therapeutic alternative for the vast majority of edentulous patients. Partial edentulism of maxillae, Kennedy's class I, & II, with all or a few teeth remaining at the sextant 2, mostly class III PDI, substantially compromised denture-supporting anatomy, generate a prosthetic challenge to overcome regarding retention and aesthetic satisfaction of these patients. In this report, we display two of them, which we believe have been successfully managed in order to fulfill both variables, by means of "conventional" removable metallic prostheses combining MGR's clasps and frictional retentive facets.

Apropiación cultural de una planta europea en la herbolaria tradicional mexicana. El caso del ajenjo (artemisia Absinthium l. Asteraceae) / Cultural appropriation of a European plant in traditional Mexican herbalism. The case of absinthe (Artemisia Absinthium L. Asteraceae)

Exploramos el proceso de apropiación cultural de una planta de origen europeo, Artemisia absinthium (ajenjo), por parte de la herbolaria mexicana. Esta especie fue introducida por los españoles durante la conquista de Mesoamérica. La revisión de fuentes históricas nos permite plantear que esta apropiación fue catalizada culturalmente por la existencia de una planta medicinal del mismo género, A. mexicana (iztauyatl o estafiate, sinonimia de A. ludoviciana y A. ludoviciana subsp. mexicana), originaria de Mesoamérica con cualidades organolépticas y epidemiológicas similares a A. absinthium. El análisis de trabajos etnobotánicos recientes nos permiten seguir la pista de la apropiación cultural de A. absinthium a través tanto de la conservación de sus usos antiguos como del enriquecimiento de su utilidad medicinal mediante nuevos usos en México. Esto refleja un proceso no solo de apropiación etnobotánica sino también de innovación cultural, al margen de los mecanismos de generación delconocimiento establecidos. Se discute la problemática de la erosión cultural del conocimiento etnobotánico del ajenjo, al ser considerada una especie tóxica por parte de la Secretaría de Salud de México.

El estilo de socialización familiar como factor de prevención o riesgo para el consumo de sustancias y otros problemas de conducta en los adolescentes españoles / The parenting style as protective or risk factor for substance use and other behavior problems among Spanish adolescents

El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar el estilo de socialización familiar como un factor de prevención o riesgo para el consumo de sustancias con una muestra de 673 adolescentes españoles de 14-17 años (M = 15,49; DT = 1,06) de los cuales el 51,7% eran mujeres. Todos ellos completaron la Escala de Estilos de Socialización Parental en Adolescentes (ESPA29), y una escala de consumo de sustancias, además como criterios complementarios respondieron a una escala de comportamientos delictivos y a otra de conducta escolar disruptiva. Se aplicó un MANOVA factorial (4×2×2) con el consumo de sustancias, los comportamientos delictivos y la conducta escolar disruptiva entre los estilos de socialización familiar, el sexo y la edad. Los resultados de los análisis identificaron al estilo de socialización parental indulgente como un factor de prevención del consumo de sustancias mientras que el estilo autoritario era identificado como un factor de riesgo. Además, los resultados referentes a los estilos parentales de prevención y riesgo para comportamientos delictivos y conducta escolar disruptiva siguen un patrón convergente con los del consumo de sustancias. Los resultados tienen implicaciones relevantes para el desarrollo de estrategias de prevención del consumo de sustancias centradas en el entorno familiar en adolescentes españoles y de entornos culturales similares, donde el estilo indulgente está mostrando actualmente tener un efecto beneficioso (AU)

The aim of this study was to analyze the parental socialization styles as a protective or a risk factor for substance use in a sample of 673 Spanish adolescents (51.7% were women) aged 14-17 (M = 15.49, SD = 1.06). All participants completed the Parental Socialization Scale (ESPA29) and a scale of substance use. Additionally, they also completed a scale of delinquency and another one of school misconduct. A multivariate (4×2×2) analysis of variance (MANOVA) was applied for substance use, delinquency and school misconduct with parenting style, sex and age. Results from this study showed that indulgent parenting style was a protective factor for substance use whereas authoritarian style was identified as a risk factor. Moreover, results from protective and risk parenting styles on delinquency and school misconduct were consistent with those obtained on substance use. These findings have important implications for the development of family-based substance use prevention programs among Spanish adolescents and other similar cultures where indulgent parenting style is currently displaying a beneficial impact (AU)

[The parenting style as protective or risk factor for substance use and other behavior problems among Spanish adolescents]. / El estilo de socialización familiar como factor de prevención o riesgo para el consumo de sustancias y otros problemas de conducta en los adolescentes españoles.

The aim of this study was to analyze the parental socialization styles as a protective or a risk factor for substance use in a sample of 673 Spanish adolescents (51.7% were women) aged 14-17 (M = 15.49, SD = 1.06). All participants completed the Parental Socialization Scale (ESPA29) and a scale of substance use. Additionally, they also completed a scale of delinquency and another one of school misconduct. A multivariate (4×2×2) analysis of variance (MANOVA) was applied for substance use, delinquency and school misconduct with parenting style, sex and age. Results from this study showed that indulgent parenting style was a protective factor for substance use whereas authoritarian style was identified as a risk factor. Moreover, results from protective and risk parenting styles on delinquency and school misconduct were consistent with those obtained on substance use. These findings have important implications for the development of family-based substance use prevention programs among Spanish adolescents and other similar cultures where indulgent parenting style is currently displaying a beneficial impact.