Your browser doesn't support javascript.
loading
Show: 20 | 50 | 100
Results 1 - 5 de 5
Filter
1.
Medwave ; 17(Suppl2): e6942, 2017 May 12.
Article in Spanish, English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28525528

ABSTRACT

Chronic kidney disease-mineral and bone disorder is prevalent. There is controversy regarding whether calcium-based phosphate binders or sevelamer - a non-calcium phosphate binder – constitute a better therapeutic alternative. Searching in Epistemonikos database, which is maintained by screening multiple information sources, we identified 12 systematic reviews comprising 61 studies of which 41 correspond to randomized trials addressing the question of this article. We combined the evidence using meta-analysis and generated a summary of findings following the GRADE approach. We concluded sevelamer may decrease hypercalcemia, but with a higher incidence of gastrointestinal effects than calcium based phosphate binders. It is unclear if there are differences in mortality because the certainty of the evidence is very low.


Los trastornos minerales y óseos asociados a la enfermedad renal crónica son frecuentes. Para su tratamiento existen quelantes de fósforo en base a calcio y otros no cálcicos como el sevelamer, pero no está claro cuál constituye una mejor opción. Utilizando la base de datos Epistemonikos, la cual es mantenida mediante búsquedas en múltiples fuentes de información, identificamos 12 revisiones sistemáticas que en conjunto incluyen 61 estudios primarios, de los cuales 41 corresponden a ensayos aleatorizados. Extrajimos los datos, realizamos un metanálisis y preparamos una tabla de resumen de los resultados utilizando el método GRADE. Concluimos que el sevelamer, en comparación con los quelantes de fósforo en base a calcio, podría disminuir los eventos de hipercalcemia, pero con una mayor incidencia de efectos gastrointestinales. Por otra parte, no está claro si existen diferencias en cuanto a mortalidad porque la certeza de la evidencia es muy baja.


Subject(s)
Chelating Agents/therapeutic use , Chronic Kidney Disease-Mineral and Bone Disorder/drug therapy , Sevelamer/therapeutic use , Calcium Compounds/adverse effects , Calcium Compounds/therapeutic use , Chelating Agents/adverse effects , Chronic Kidney Disease-Mineral and Bone Disorder/physiopathology , Databases, Factual , Humans , Hypercalcemia/epidemiology , Hypercalcemia/prevention & control , Phosphates/metabolism , Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic , Sevelamer/adverse effects
2.
Medwave ; 16(Suppl5): e6591, 2016 Nov 07.
Article in Spanish, English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27858927

ABSTRACT

Patients with chronic kidney disease have higher cardiovascular risk than general population, a fact that has been linked to high homocysteine levels. Folic acid supplementation can reduce homocysteine levels, which would reduce cardiovascular events. However, there is controversy about the clinical effects of this measure. Searching in Epistemonikos database, which is maintained by screening 30 databases, we identified six systematic reviews comprising 13 trials addressing the question of this article. We combined the evidence using meta-analysis and generated a summary of findings following the GRADE approach. We concluded folic acid supplementation does not reduce the risk of myocardial infarction or stroke in patients with chronic kidney disease, and might have no effect on mortality.


Subject(s)
Cardiovascular Diseases/prevention & control , Folic Acid/administration & dosage , Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/drug therapy , Cardiovascular Diseases/etiology , Dietary Supplements , Homocysteine/blood , Humans , Myocardial Infarction/etiology , Myocardial Infarction/prevention & control , Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/complications , Risk Factors , Stroke/etiology , Stroke/prevention & control
3.
Medwave ; 16(Suppl5): e6602, 2016 Nov 15.
Article in Spanish, English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27861462

ABSTRACT

The number of patients requiring renal replacement therapy has increased exponentially in recent years. However, there is still controversy regarding the best moment to initiate chronic dialysis. Searching in Epistemonikos database, which is maintained by screening 30 databases, we identified five systematic reviews comprising 21 trials addressing the question of this article. We combined the evidence using meta-analysis and generated a summary of findings following the GRADE approach. We concluded delaying the initiation of dialysis probably does not increase mortality risk in chronic kidney disease and makes little or no difference in the risk of requiring a temporary catheter or having to check the vascular access.


Subject(s)
Catheterization/statistics & numerical data , Kidney Failure, Chronic/therapy , Renal Dialysis/methods , Humans , Kidney Failure, Chronic/mortality , Renal Replacement Therapy/methods , Time Factors
4.
Medwave ; 15(1): e6069, 2015 Jan 22.
Article in English, Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25646679

ABSTRACT

Central venous catheter-related blood stream infection is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with renal disease treated with hemodialysis. Antibiotic lock solutions can be effective in preventing this complication in patients with hemodialysis. Searching in Epistemonikos database, which is maintained by screening more than twenty databases, we identified eight systematic reviews including seventeen randomized trials. We combined the evidence using meta-analysis and generated a summary of findings table following the GRADE approach. We concluded that antibiotic lock solutions probably decrease catheter-related blood stream infection in hemodialysis patients.


Las infecciones del torrente sanguíneo asociadas a catéteres venosos centrales son una de las principales complicaciones de su uso, lo cual conlleva a un aumento de morbimortalidad en pacientes con insuficiencia renal en hemodiálisis. El uso de soluciones de sellado con antibióticos podría ser efectivo para prevenir esta complicación. Utilizando la base de datos Epistemonikos, la cual es mantenida mediante búsquedas en más de veinte bases de datos, identificamos ocho revisiones sistemáticas que en conjunto incluyen diecisiete estudios aleatorizados. Realizamos un metanálisis y tablas de resumen de los resultados utilizando el método GRADE. Concluimos que el uso de soluciones de sellado con antibióticos probablemente disminuye el número de infecciones del torrente sanguíneo asociadas a catéteres venosos centrales en pacientes en hemodiálisis.


Subject(s)
Anti-Bacterial Agents/administration & dosage , Bacteremia/prevention & control , Catheter-Related Infections/prevention & control , Bacteremia/etiology , Humans , Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic , Renal Dialysis/methods
5.
Rev. chil. cardiol ; 31(2): 108-111, 2012. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-653789

ABSTRACT

Introducción: El sobrepeso y la obesidad son cada vez más prevalentes y colaboran a mayor riesgo cardiovascular. No existen estudios sobre estas patologías en la población atacameña, (tercer grupo más numeroso entre las etnias originarias en Chile). Objetivo: Evaluar niveles de sobrepeso y obesidad de la población de etnia atacameña y comparar el estado nutricional de atacameños ubicados en una región Rural (Alto el Loa), y una urbana (Calama). Metodología: Se analizaron exámenes de medicina preventiva del adulto (EMPA) de postas rurales de Alto El Loa, y del Centro Comunitario de Salud Familiar (CECOF) de Calama en los años 2007 y 2008. Se seleccionaron pacientes con ambos apellidos de origen ataca-meño, quienes además tuvieran padres y abuelos (maternos y paternos) con apellidos del mismo origen. Se midió peso, talla, IMC, circunferencia de cintura (CC), presión arterial (PA), glicemia y colesterol plasmáticos. Resultados: 43 sujetos de Alto el Loa (AL) y 98 sujetos de Calama cumplieron criterios de selección. En el grupo Alto El Loa el peso fue normal en 30 por ciento de los sujetos, hubo sobrepeso en 46,5 por ciento y obesidad en 23,5 por ciento. Los valores correspondientes para el grupo de Calama fueron 25 por ciento, 42,7 por ciento y 32,3 por ciento, respectivamente (N.S.). Al comparar ambos grupos, solo hubo diferencias significativas en colesterol plasmático (163 mg/dl AL vs 188 mg/dl Calama) y CC en hombres (110cm AL vs 99,3cm Calama) y mujeres (113cm AL vs 90,6cm Calama). Conclusión: Ambos grupos de atacameños presentaron más de un 70 por ciento de malnutrición por exceso. Solo hubo diferencias entre ambos grupos en CC y colesterol total. Destaca la CC mayor en Alto El Loa (zona de menor mestizaje), que sugieren un genotipo atacameño con tendencia a mayores niveles de grasa abdominal.


Background: Overweight and obesity are cardiovascular risk factors becoming more prevalent in later years. There are no studies related to this problem in the atacameña population, which is the third largest group among original inhabitants in Chile. Aim: to evaluate prevalence of overweight and obesity in "atacameños" of northern Chile and to compare these findings in a rural (Alto el Loa) and an urban locations (Calama). Methods: The data obtained from preventive medical examinations performed in primary care centers of Alto el Loan and Calama during 2007 and 2008 were used for the analysis. The subjects included had both paternal and maternal grand parents with "atacameños" surnames. Weigth, height, body mass index, waist circumference, blood pressure, blood glucose level and serum cholesterol were determined. Results: 43 subjects from Alto el Loa and 98 subjects from Calama were included. Weight was normal in 30 percent of subjects from Alto el Loa; overweight was present in 46.5 percent and obesity in 23.5 percent. Corresponding values for subjects from Calama were 25 percent, 42.7 percent and 32.3 percent (NS). The only significantly different variables were serum cholesterol (163 mg/dl in Alto el Loa vs 188 mg/dl in Calama) and waist circumference: (110cm in Alto el Loa vs 99,3 cm in Calama for males, and 113cm in Alto el Loa vs 90.6cm in Calama for women). Conclusion: malnutrition leading to overweight and obesity affected 70 percent of "atacameños". Lower serum cholesterol levels and increased waist circumference suggest the presence of factors leading to accumulation of abdominal fat in the rural population.


Subject(s)
Aged , Indians, South American , Obesity/epidemiology , Overweight/epidemiology , Body Mass Index , Chile/ethnology , Ethnicity , Nutritional Status , Obesity/ethnology , Risk Factors , Rural Areas , Overweight/ethnology , Urban Area
SELECTION OF CITATIONS
SEARCH DETAIL
...