A High-Fat Diet Induces Cardiac Damage in Obesity-Resistant Rodents with Reduction in Metabolic Health.

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Obesity resistance is associated with the complex interaction of stringent and environmental factors that confer the ability to resist mass gain and body fat deposition, even when eating high-calorie diets. Considering that there are numerous gaps in the literature on the metabolic processes that explain Obesity resistance, specifically in relation to oxidative stress, the purpose of the study was to investigate whether obesity-resistant (OR) rats develop elevated reactive oxygen species in cardiac tissue. METHODS: Wistar rats were initially randomized into two groups: a standard diet (SD) and a high-fat diet (HFD) group. The SD and HFD groups were further divided into control (C), OR, and obese prone (OP) subgroups based on body weight. This criterion consisted of organizing the animals in each group in ascending order according to body weight (BW), and the cutoff point was identified in the animals by terciles: 1) lower BW; 2) intermediate BW; and 3) higher BW. Rats were sacrificed on the 14th week, and serum and organs were collected. Nutritional assessment, food profiles, histological analysis, comorbidities, and cardiovascular characteristics were determined. RESULTS: BW showed a significant difference between the standard diet and high-fat diet groups in the 4th week of the experimental protocol, characterizing obesity. In the 4th week, after the characterization of Obesity resistance, there was a significant difference in BW between groups C, OP, and OR. The OP and OR groups showed a significant increase in caloric intake in relation to the C group. The OP group showed a significant increase in final BW, retroperitoneal fat pad mass, sum of corporal fat deposits and reactive oxygen species, in relation to groups C and OR. The area under the glycemic curve, insulin resistance index and basal glucose were elevated in the OP group in relation to the C. OP also promoted an increase in HOMA-IR when compared with C. OR rats showed a non-significant increase in insulin and HOMA-IR in OR vs. C (p = ~0.1), but no significant differences were observed between OP vs. OR for these parameters, suggesting that both groups suffered from decreased metabolic health. Total cardiac mass, left ventricular cross-sectional area, and cholesterol levels were significantly elevated in the OP and OR groups compared with the C group. CONCLUSION: A high-fat diet induces cardiac damage in obesity-resistant rodents with reduction in metabolic health.

Direito Sanitário: coletânea em homenagem à Profa. Dra. Maria Célia Delduque / Health Law: collection in honor of Professor Dr. Maria Célia Delduque / Derecho Sanitario: colección en homenaje a la Profa. Dra. Maria Célia Delduque

Esta resenha tem por objetivo expor tópicos substanciais que compõe a coletânea de artigos elaborada em homenagem à Profa.Dra. Maria Célia Delduque, pesquisadora de grande referência no Brasil e no mundo, em especial no âmbito do Direito Sanitário. O livro contou com a contribuição especialistas nessa área do conhecimento. Sendo o Direito Sanitário grande fio condutor dos trabalhos reunidos nessa obra, os artigos buscam discutir a saúde como um direito social, abordando conceitos e elementos dessa ciência jurídica, que contribuem para a efetividade do direito à saúde como uma garantia fundamental em diversas perspectivas, tanto no panorama nacional como internacional.

This review presents the main topics of the collection of articles written in honor of Professor Dr. Maria Célia Delduque, a researcher recognized in Brazil and worldwide, especially in the field of health law. The book contains contributions from specialists in the field. Since health law is the main subject of the works gathered in this book, the articles discuss health as social law and approach the concepts and elements of this jurisprudence that contribute to the effectiveness of the right to health as a fundamental guarantee in different perspectives, both in the national and international panorama.

El propósito de esta reseña es presentar temas importantes de la colección de artículos dedicados a la Profesora Dra. Maria Célia Delduque, investigadora destacada in Brasil y en todo el mundo, especialmente en el ámbito del Derecho Sanitario. El libro contó con la contribución de especialistas en esta área del conocimiento. Siendo el Derecho de la Salud el hilo conductor de los trabajos reunidos en esta obra, los artículos buscan discutir la salud como derecho social, abordando conceptos y elementos de esta ciencia jurídica, que contribuyen para la efectividad del derecho a la salud como garantía fundamental en diversas perspectivas, tanto a nivel panorama nacional como internacional.

High-fat, high-sucrose, and combined high-fat/high-sucrose diets effects in oxidative stress and inflammation in male rats under presence or absence of obesity.

The study examines the influence of three types of hypercaloric diets on metabolic parameters, inflammatory markers, and oxidative stress in experimental model. Male Wistar rats (n = 40) were randomized in control (C), high-sucrose (HS), high-fat (HF), and high-fat with sucrose (HFHS) for 20 weeks. Nutritional, metabolic, hormonal, and biochemical profiles, as well as histological analysis of adipose and hepatic tissues were performed. Inflammation and oxidative stress were determined. HF model caused obesity and comorbidities as glucose intolerance and arterial hypertension. In relation to hormonal and biochemical parameters, there was no significant difference between the groups. All groups showed increased deposition of fat droplets in the hepatic tissue, even though adipocyte areas were similar. Biomarkers of oxidative stress in serum and adipose tissues were similar among the groups. HF model was effective in triggering associated obesity and comorbidities in male rats, but all hypercaloric diets were unable to promote oxidative stress and inflammation.

Resistance to obesity prevents obesity development without increasing spontaneous physical activity and not directly related to greater metabolic and oxidative capacity.

There are evidence that obese-resistant animals are more physically active, due to a higher rate of lipid oxidation. Efficiency in such pathways can favor greater spontaneous physical activity and, consequently, less body fat deposition. The aim of study was characterizing the nutritional profile and spontaneous physical activity in the condition of Resistance to Obesity (OR). Wistar rats were randomized into standard diet (SD; n = 50) and high-fat diet (HFD; n = 50) groups, after obesity induction, were redistributed into Control (C), False-control (FC), Propensity to obesity (OP) and OR, and then spontaneous physical activity was evaluated. Analyzed parameters: body mass (BM), epididymal (EF), retroperitoneal (RF), visceral (VF) and respective summations (∑), adiposity index (AI), nutritional, morphological, biochemical and metabolic parameters and protein quantification. The comparison of the groups was performed by ANOVA one or two factors, with 5% significance adopted. OP and FC presented high final MC values compared to C and OR. OR had lower EF, RF, VF, ∑ and IA compared to OP. OR had similar values to C and higher HDL than FC and OP. In GTT, OR and C presented similar values and both were lower than OP in the 30 minutes. OP promoted higher values than C for glycemic AUC. OR had higher PPARγ content than C and OP, as well as levels similar to C for leptin and insulin. Spontaneous physical activity did not differ between groups. The results were not enough to show that OR animals have greater lipid oxidative capacity, as well as greater spontaneous physical activity.

Questões éticas e perspectiva jurídica da proteção de dados / Ethical issues and the legal perspective of data protection / Cuestiones éticas y perspectiva jurídica de la protección de datos

Objetivo: realizar uma breve análise sobre a utilização de dados de seres humanos, em pesquisas científicas e no âmbito da Administração Pública como substrato para elaboração de políticas públicas. Destacamos a nova Lei Geral de Proteção de Dados brasileira, bem como buscamos compreender o arcabouço normativo nacional e a atuação do Supremo Tribunal Federal sobre a temática. Metodologia: utilizou-se o método de pesquisa dedutivo, com procedimento descritivo e técnica de pesquisa de revisão bibliográfica e documental. Resultado: verificamos que a Lei Geral de Proteção de Dados brasileira desenhou um novo modelo para a tutela da utilização de dados e seres humanos em pesquisa científica e pela própria Administração Pública no bojo da elaboração de políticas públicas. A nova legislação trouxe maior transparência e maior estabilidade aos procedimentos acadêmicos e administrativos, além de apresentar uma construção jurídica que conseguiu conciliar a utilização de dados pessoais e a proteção do direito fundamental à proteção de dados. Conclusão: destacamos a autonomia do direito fundamental à proteção de dados e a constituição de um novo paradigma normativo para a sociedade digital, notadamente, a necessidade de construção de novos instrumentos legais que não inviabilizem as pesquisas científicas e a elaboração de políticas públicas, mas que simultaneamente, garantam o direito fundamental à privacidade e à intimidade dos indivíduos.

Objective: to conducta brief analysis on the use of data from human beings, in scientific research and within the scope of Public Administration as a substrate for the elaboration of public policies. We highlight the new General Data Protection Law in Brazil, as well as seeking to understand the national regulatory framework and the role of the Supreme Federal Court on the subject. Methods:the deductive research method was used, with a descriptive procedure and research technique of bibliographic and documentary review. Result: we found that the Brazilian General Data Protection Law designed a new model for the protection of the use of data and human beings in scientific research and by the Public Administration itself in the context of the elaboration of public policies. The new legislation has brought greater transparency and greater stability to academic and administrative procedures, has a legal construction that manages to reconcile the use of personal data and the protection of the fundamental right to data protection. Conclusion: we highlight the autonomy of the fundamental right to data protection and the constitution of a new normative paradigm for the digital society, notably the need to build new legal instruments that do not make scientific research and policy making unfeasible public, but at the same time, guarantee the fundamental right to privacy and intimacy of individuals.

Objetivo: realizar un breve análisis sobre el uso de datos de seres humanos, en la investigación científica y en el ámbito de la Administración Pública como sustrato para la elaboración de políticas públicas. Destacamos lanueva Ley General de Protección de Datos en Brasil, además de buscar comprender el marco regulatorio nacional y el papel de la Corte Suprema Federal en el tema. Metodología: se utilizó el método de investigación deductivo, con un procedimiento descriptivoy técnica de investigación de revisión bibliográfica y documental. Resultado: descubrimos que la Ley General de Protección de Datos de Brasil diseñó un nuevo modelo para la protección del uso de datos y seres humanos en la investigación científica y por la propia Administración Pública en el contexto de la elaboración de políticas públicas. La nueva legislación ha traído mayor transparencia y estabilidada los procedimientos académicos y administrativos, tiene una construcción jurídica que logra conciliar el uso de datos personales y la protección del derecho fundamental a la protección de datos. Conclusión: destacamos la autonomía del derecho fundamental a la protección de datos y la constitución de un nuevo paradigma normativo para la sociedad digital, enparticular la necesidad de construir nuevos instrumentos legales que no hagan inviable la investigación científica y la formulación de políticas públicas. pero al mismo tiempo, garantizar el derecho fundamental a la privacidad e intimidad de las personas.

Bioética e Universalidade dos direitos sociais: uma breve reflexão sobre a fragilidade das bases unicamente utilitaristas na garantia do direito à saúde

O artigo propõe-se a apresentar as aproximações entre universalidade dos direito sociais, em especial do direito à saúde, e o enfrentamento às concepções unicamente utilitaristas, a partir da Bioética. Para se alcançar o objetivo utilizou-se a pesquisa bibliográfica, visando um aprofundamento teórico para a efetivação do esclarecimento dos motivos da análise. O acesso à bibliografia foi realizado por dois modos básicos: manualmente e eletronicamente. Desenvolveu-se análise sobre as concepções construídas por Peter Singer e Marie-Héléne Parizeau sobre Bioética, dada a importância de se pensar em uma valoração humana de forma mais efetiva. Discutiu-se a universalidade dos direitos humanos em relação aos seus titulares e as fragilidades das soluções apresentadas pela teoria utilitarista, considerando, ao final, que essa universalidade é uma exigência ética, posto que não seria justificável que uma pessoa fosse titular de um direito humano e outra pessoa pertencente a mesma classe não fosse considerada também titular.

O Conselho Nacional de Justiça: o Fórum da Saúde e o excesso de judicialização / The National Council of Justice: the Health Forum and the excessive judicialization / El Consejo Nacional de Justicia: el Foro de la salud y la excesiva judicialización

O Conselho Nacional de Justiça pretende ocupar o papel de protagonista do necessário debate que precisa ser travado em torno da judicialização da saúde. Para tanto, desde 2010, vem conduzindo uma política pública judiciária para o aprimoramento da prestação jurisdicional nas demandas de saúde através da criação do Fórum do Judiciário para a Saúde, desta feita, tem-se como objetivo principal do artigo avaliar a eficácia dessa política judiciária conduzida pelo CNJ no campo da judicialização da saúde.

The National Council of Justice (CNJ) intends to take up the role of protagonist of the necessary debate that needs to be developed around the judicialization of health. To this end, since 2010, it has been conducting a judicial public policy for the improvement of judicial services in healthcare demands by creating the Judicial Forum for Healthcare; therefore, the main purpose of the article to evaluate the effectiveness of this judicial policy conducted by the CNJ in the field of judicialization of healthcare.

El Consejo Nacional de Justicia (CNJ) tiene la intención de ser el principal protagonista del debate necesario alrededor de la judicialización de la salud. Para eso, desde 2010, ha conduzido la realización de una política pública judicial para mejorar los servicios judiciales en demandas de salud por la creación del Foro Judicial para la Salud. Este articulo tiene el propósito principal evaluar la eficacia de la política judicial realizada por el CNJ en el campo de la judicialización de la salud.