Induction of renal cancers in rats by intrarenal injection of nickel subsulfide.

The carcinogenicity of nickel subsulfide (alpha Ni3S2) was studied following intrarenal (i.r.) injection in rats. Within 100 weeks after i.r. injection of 5 mg of alpha Ni3S2, renal cancers were found in 64 percent of Wistar-Lewis rats, 50 percent of NIH Black rats, 28 percent of Fischer rats and 0 percent of Long-Evans rats. These findings demonstrate significant differences in susceptibilities of the four rat strains to alpha Ni3S2-induction of renal cancers. No renal cancers were found in male Fischer rats that received i.r. injection of alpha Ni3S2 in dosages of 0.6, 1.2 or 2.5 mg. In male Fischer rats that received i.r. injection of alpha Ni3S2 in dosages of 5 or 10 mg, the incidences of renal cancers were 28 percent and 75 percent, respectively. These findings demonstrate a dose response relationship for alpha Ni3S2-induction of renal cancers. In male Fischer rats that received i.r. injection of 10 mg of alpha Ni3S2 combined with 6.9 mg of Mn dust, the incidence of renal cancers was 32 percent, which differed significantly from the corresponding incidences of 75 percent and 0 percent in rats that received i.r. injections of only alpha Ni3S2 (10 mg) or Mn dust (6.9 mg). These findings demonstrate that alpha Ni3S2-induction of renal cancers is inhibited by simultaneous administration of manganese dust. The 54 renal tumors that were found in this study were all malignant, and distant metastases were present in 69 percent of tumor-bearing rats. The histogenesis of alpha Ni3S2-induced renal tumors from epithelial or mesenchymal progenitor cells could not be definitely established.

Juvenile ossifying fibroma: an ultrastructural study.

The ultrastructural features of a juvenile ossifying fibroma of the maxilla are described. The stromal portion of the tumor was composed of osteoblasts and to a lesser extent of fibroblasts. The bone spicules were rimmed by osteoblasts and osteoclasts. Calcification was seen to occur along the collagen fiber matrix, corresponding to calcification of osteoid, and also in the form of intracellular and extracellular crystallization. The latter form of calcification corresponded to so-called psammoma-like bodies, and was considered characteristic of this subtype of ossifying fibroma.

Müllerian adenosarcoma of the uterus. Ultrastructure before and after radiation therapy.

A case of müllerian adenosarcoma arising in the endometrium was studied by light and electron microscopy before and after radiation treatment. The tumor was composed of malignant stroma containing undifferentiated mesenchymal cells admixed with mature fibroblasts and other cell that contained crystalloids. The surface epithelium was lined by epithelial cells with and without cilia, similar to the normal surface epithelium cells of the uterus. High-dose therapeutic irradiation eliminated the undifferentiated mesenchymal cells from the tumor but did not alter the morphology of other epithelial and mesenchymal elements. The immaturity of mesenchymal cells and their radiosensitivity coupled with the ultrasonographic evidence of growth of the tumor point to the probable malignant nature of this neoplasm.

Malformation of bronchopulmonary foregut with systemic and pulmonary arterial blood supply.

A case of congenital malformation of the bronchopulmonary foregut with communication between the esophagus and sequestered lobe is reported in a six-month-old boy. Only 29 similar cases have been reported previously, and this case was especially unusual in that the communication was from the middle portion of the esophagus to a right apical sequestration. Another unusual feature was that the sequestered segment was supplied by four systemic arteries from the thoracic aorta, as well as by branches from the right pulmonary artery. Within the sequestration, there was shunting of blood from the systemic to pulmonary arterties with reversal of flow in the pulmonary arterial branches.

Comparison of polyglactic and polyglycolic acid sutures in reproductive tissue.

Polyglactic acid and polyglycolic acid suture materials were compared in rat uterine and abdominal wall tissues for inflammatory response and tissue fibrosis. By 90 days after surgery, the tissue inflammatory reaction and fibrosis were significantly less in response to polyglactic acid suture (Vicryl) in both uterus and skin as compared with the response to polyglycolic acid (Dexon). In addition, the over-all tissue response in skin was significantly greater than that in uterus for both suture materials. The potential importance of tissue fibrosis--particularly in oviductal surgery, over and above the formation of adhesions between one organ and another--is emphasized. It is concluded that (1) the magnitude of tissue response to suture material varies for different tissues, (2) the degree of tissue wall fibrosis does not necessarily correspond to external tissue adhesions, (3) adhesions are maximal at the surgical knots regardless of the suture material used, and (4) polyglactic acid suture material may be preferable to polyglycolic acid suture material for infertility surgery, in which a minimum of tissue reaction is imperative.

Carcinogenicity of nickel subsulfide in Fischer rats and Syrian hamsters after administration by various routes.

In an endeavor to expand the variety of experimental models for study of nickel carcinogenesis, nickel subsulfide (Ni3S2) was administered to rodents by five previously untested routes. In two groups of Syrian hamsters, Ni3S2 induced multiple sarcomas at the sites of single im injections (5 or 10 mg of Ni3S2). In contrast, Ni3S2 did not induce any malignant tumors of the cheek pouches, oral cavity or gastrointestinal tract, despite multiple local applications to the cheek pouches of several groups of hamsters in total dosages as large as 1.1 g of Ni3S2. In a group of Fischer rats, single intratesticular injections of Ni3S2 (10 mg) induced many testicular sarcomas. In contrast, no malignant tumors developed in two groups of rats that received single injections into the submaxillary gland (2.5 mg of Ni3S2) or into the liver (5 mg of Ni3S2 via the portal venous system).

Comparisons of carcinogenicities of nickel compounds in rats.

This study demonstrates marked differences in the incidences of sarcomas in Fischer rats within 2 years after a single im injection of 4 insoluble nickel-containing powders: amorphous nickel monosulfide (NiS), nickel subsulfide (alphaNi3S2), partially converted nickel-iron sulfide matte, and metallic nickel. The powders (less than 2 um median particle diameters) were administered in penicillin suspension, and each powder was tested at 2 dosages. Whereas alphaNi3S2 was highly carcinogenic, amorphous NiS did not induce any tumors. The carcinogenic potency of partially converted nickel-iron sulfide matte was less than alphaNi3S2 but greater than Ni powder. No sarcomas occurred at the injection site in two groups of control rats that received im injections of penicillin or Fe powder. The observed differences in carcinogenic potencies of alphaNi3S2 and amorphous NiS may provide an experimental approach to elucidate the molecular mechanisms of nickel carcinogenesis.

Effects of manganese on carcinogenicity and metabolism of nickel subsulfide.

Nickel subsulfide, Ni3S2, alone or combined with manganese or chromium dusts, was administered i.m. to Fischer rats to study the effects of the metals upon Ni3S2 induction of sarcomas at the injection site. The incidence of sarcomas within 2 years after injection of Ni3S2 (1.2 mg) plus manganese (1.0 mg) was 7%, versus 77% in rats that received only Ni3S2 (1.2 mg), and 80% in rats that received Ni3S2 (1.2 mg) plus chromium (1.0 mg) (p less than 0.005). No local sarcomas occurred in rats that received the injection vehicle, or in rats that received manganese or chromium without Ni3S2. Admixture of manganese diminished the solubility of 63Ni3S2 in rat serum, serum ultrafiltrate, or water, in vitro. Admixture of manganese with 63Ni3S2 did not affect the mobilization or excretion of 63Ni in vivo, nor did it alter the acute pathological reactions to Ni3S2. 63Ni concentrations in ultrafiltrates of supernatant fractions of homogenates of injection sites averaged 2.8 (S. D. +/- 0.7) ng/ml at 5 to 6 months after injection of 63Ni3S2 (1.2 mg) plus manganese (1.0 mg), versus 5.4 +/- 2.0 ng/ml after injection of only 63Ni3S2 (1.2 mg) (p less than 0.02). This study demonstrates that admixture of manganese dust and Ni3S2 inhibits Ni3S2 tumorigenesis in rats, and reveals that manganese dust affects the subcellular distribution of 63Ni derived from 63Ni3S2, without influencing 63Ni kinetics as estimated by compartmental analysis.

Granular cell myoblastoma of the cervical trachea.

Only five granular cell myoblastomas affecting the cervical trachea have been previously reported. Two of these tumors appear to be primary lesions of the trachea, while the remaining three appear to involve it only secondarily. We report a case of an intraluminal granular cell myoblastoma arising from the right tracheal wall in a 45-year-old woman. The tumor extended into the partition wall between trachea and esophagus. Treatment was by surgical excision of the tumor and the involved tracheal ring. The patient was free of recurrence one year after treatment.