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1.
Int J Tuberc Lung Dis ; 27(11): 803-809, 2023 11 01.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37880892

ABSTRACT

Air pollution is an environmental risk for the general population and for patients with various diseases, particularly respiratory diseases. Little data are available on personal exposure, but the recent emergence of low-cost air quality sensors (LCSs) should enable a better understanding of the health impacts of air pollution at the individual level. However, the reliability and accuracy of most sensors in the market have not been established, and a thorough understanding of their strengths and limitations is needed. We therefore conducted a review to address the following questions: 1) What is an LCS and what is the extent of its possible application? 2) Is the data obtained a reliable indicator of exposure? 3) What are the advantages and disadvantages of LCSs? 4) Could LCSs be useful in investigating the impact of air pollution on respiratory health? Further studies are needed to promote the use of LCS in research settings and among respiratory patients. This will allow us to monitor exposure levels, provide alerts and study the respiratory effects of individual-level air pollution.


Subject(s)
Air Pollutants , Air Pollution , Respiratory Tract Diseases , Humans , Air Pollutants/adverse effects , Air Pollutants/analysis , Reproducibility of Results , Air Pollution/adverse effects , Air Pollution/analysis , Respiratory Tract Diseases/diagnosis , Environmental Monitoring , Particulate Matter/adverse effects , Particulate Matter/analysis
2.
Environ Res ; 206: 112428, 2022 04 15.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34838570

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: the built environment in urban areas may have side effects on children's respiratory health, whilst less is known for adulthood. AIM: to assess the association between increasing exposure to grey spaces and allergic status in an adult general population sample. METHODS: 2070 subjects (age range 15-84 yrs), living in Pisa/Cascina, Italy, were investigated in 1991-93 through a questionnaire on health status and risk factors, skin prick test (SPT), serum Immunoglobulins E (IgE), and serum antibodies to benzo(a)pyrene diol epoxide (BPDE)-DNA adducts. Land-cover exposure within a 1000 m buffer from each subject's home address was assessed through the CORINE Land Cover program (CLC 1990) within the FP7/HEALS project (2013-2018). Participants' residential addresses were geocoded and the proportion of surrounding grey spaces was calculated. Through logistic regression models, adjusting for potential confounding factors, the effect of a 10% increase in grey spaces exposure on allergic biomarkers/conditions was assessed; the relationship with serum antibodies to BPDE-DNA adducts positivity was also analyzed. RESULTS: A 10% increase in grey spaces coverage was associated with a higher probability of having SPT positivity (OR 1.07, 95% CI 1.02-1.13), seasonal SPT positivity (OR 1.12, 1.05-1.19), polysensitization (OR 1.11, 1.04-1.19), allergic rhinitis (OR 1.10, 1.04-1.17), co-presence of SPT positivity and asthma/allergic rhinitis (OR 1.16, 1.08-1.25), asthma/allergic rhinitis (OR 1.06, 1.00-1.12), presence of serum antibodies to BPDE-DNA adducts positivity (OR 1.07, 1.01-1.14). CONCLUSIONS: grey spaces have adverse effects on allergic status and are related to a biomarker of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons exposure in adulthood. Thus, they may be used as a proxy of urban environmental exposure.


Subject(s)
Asthma , Rhinitis, Allergic , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Allergens , Asthma/epidemiology , Benzo(a)pyrene , Child , Environmental Exposure , Humans , Immunoglobulin E , Middle Aged , Rhinitis, Allergic/epidemiology , Young Adult
3.
Sci Total Environ ; 698: 134257, 2020 Jan 01.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31494426

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: Air pollution is a well-known burden for population health and health systems worldwide. Reduction in air pollution is associated with improvements in mortality and rates of respiratory, cardiovascular and other diseases. Though air quality is a problem globally, efforts to lower air pollutant concentrations are usually regional or local. In industrialized countries, most urban air pollution is caused by vehicles, suggesting reductions in traffic would result in reductions of pollution. However, detailed data on how such reductions can be achieved and impact public health is just beginning to emerge, and other influencing factors, including vehicle flow or urban landscape are largely unaccounted for. METHODS: We utilized a unique combination of vehicle emission measurements combined with simulations of traffic and vehicle variations, as well as urban topographies, to quantify health impacts of PM10 reduction in a single district of Paris, France, for various methods of traffic improvement. Here we rank and evaluate improvements in non-accidental mortality for thirteen possible scenarios to reduce traffic related PM10 emissions. RESULTS: The maximum impact scenario requires all passenger vehicles to meet Euro 5 standards and excludes diesel vehicles, resulting in long-term decreases in non-accidental mortality of 148.79 people per year, or 104.40 per 100,000 people. Similar reductions hold for the scenario requiring a completely electric passenger fleet, with long-term annual reductions of 137.14 premature mortalities. Removing all diesel vehicles is the third most impactful scenario, preventing 135.55 deaths yearly. DISCUSSION: PARTLESS provides comparisons between thirteen different traffic-related air quality reduction mechanisms in terms of improvements in mortality rates. Improving emissions standards, increasing electric vehicle use and removing diesel vehicles can prevent more than 148 deaths per year in this district alone. Further improvements in mortality reduction may require changes to the composition of vehicle components, asphalt or to the management of resuspended particulate matter.


Subject(s)
Air Pollutants/analysis , Air Pollution/statistics & numerical data , Environmental Exposure/statistics & numerical data , Mortality/trends , Particulate Matter/analysis , Environmental Monitoring , Humans , Vehicle Emissions
4.
Rev Mal Respir ; 36(10): 1096-1106, 2019 Dec.
Article in French | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31668925

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Air pollution is a major public health issue and remains a major concern in France and around the world. Proof of this is that air pollution is one of the first environmental concerns of the French population. The purpose of this study was to establish a system for monitoring the actual concentrations of different atmospheric pollutants observed in major French cities. METHOD: For 13 major cities in Metropolitan France we collected data from the measurement stations of Air Quality Monitoring agencies for various pollutants: NO2, O3, PM10, PM2.5. Using these data, we have produced monthly time series of these pollutants covering the period 2008-2015. We also calculated the slopes of these time series as well as the correlation coefficients. RESULTS: The results do not show trends that are decreasing but rather stagnating, for the air pollutants considered. Our work therefore indicates that monitoring and taking steps to reduce air pollution must be increased.


Subject(s)
Air Pollution/analysis , Environmental Exposure/analysis , Public Health/trends , Air Pollutants/analysis , Air Pollution/statistics & numerical data , Cities/epidemiology , Cities/statistics & numerical data , Environmental Exposure/statistics & numerical data , Environmental Monitoring/methods , Environmental Monitoring/statistics & numerical data , France/epidemiology , History, 20th Century , History, 21st Century , Humans , Nitrogen Dioxide/analysis , Ozone/analysis , Particulate Matter/analysis , Time Factors , Urban Population/statistics & numerical data , Urban Population/trends
5.
Clin Exp Allergy ; 46(3): 390-6, 2016 Mar.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26765082

ABSTRACT

The fifth report issued by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change forecasts that greenhouse gases will increase the global temperature as well as the frequency of extreme weather phenomena. An increasing body of evidence shows the occurrence of severe asthma epidemics during thunderstorms in the pollen season, in various geographical zones. The main hypotheses explaining association between thunderstorms and asthma claim that thunderstorms can concentrate pollen grains at ground level which may then release allergenic particles of respirable size in the atmosphere after their rupture by osmotic shock. During the first 20-30 min of a thunderstorm, patients suffering from pollen allergies may inhale a high concentration of the allergenic material that is dispersed into the atmosphere, which in turn can induce asthmatic reactions, often severe. Subjects without asthma symptoms, but affected by seasonal rhinitis can also experience an asthma attack. All subjects affected by pollen allergy should be alerted to the danger of being outdoors during a thunderstorm in the pollen season, as such events may be an important cause of severe exacerbations. In light of these observations, it is useful to predict thunderstorms and thus minimize thunderstorm-related events.


Subject(s)
Asthma/epidemiology , Asthma/etiology , Environmental Exposure/adverse effects , Weather , Asthma/diagnosis , Disease Progression , Humans
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