Gender differences in depression in an employment setting.

This study extends the literature on sex differences in depression to an employment setting, using Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI; T and raw scores) and Depression (D) 30 measures. In contrast to previous findings, no gender differences remained on any of the measures after the effects of salary, age, education, and job classification had been taken into account. Findings replicated earlier results showing depressed males to have greater difficulty with concentration and motivation than depressed females. Data suggest that MMPI sex-based T-scores may overcorrect for sex differences in raw scores. Possible explanations for the findings are discussed, including a general improvement in women's well-being associated with changes in social conditions such as employment, or the possibility of a self-selection bias in our sample.

Making non-discriminatory fitness-for-duty decisions about persons with disabilities under the Rehabilitation Act and the Americans with Disabilities Act.

This article describes an assessment role performed by clinical psychologists in the employment context, and examines how it has been evaluated by the courts from the standpoint of discrimination against persons with disabilities. Guidelines are offered for making fitness-for-duty decisions which are legally defensible, and examples of the decision-making process are provided. Data-based limitations on professional expertise are articulated, and conclusions drawn are aimed at practicing psychologists and the courts dealing with these uncertainties. Issues are analyzed principally in courts dealing with these uncertainties. Issues are analyzed principally in relation to Rehabilitation Act of 1973 and the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA), which has been passed by both houses of Congress.

The influence of a supportive, problem-solving, group intervention on the health status of students with great recent life change.

A small randomized trial was conducted with college students to test the efficacy of a supportive, problem-solving group intervention for reducing morbidity following accumulation of numerous life changes. The two intervention groups reported declines in number of illness episodes and number of disability days over the two semesters of study; one of the intervention groups also reported a decrease in number of days on which illness was experienced. The control group did significantly worse on these measures than the intervention groups.

A microgenetic approach to the integration of contrasexual characteristics.

Assessed relationships between introversion-extraversion and the integration of contrasexuality. Pictorial stimuli containing contrasexual or congruent sexual content were presented tachistoscopically at increasing durations, with recognition time scores and the rated emotional distance levels of percept descriptions selected as indices of integration. The following hypotheses were advanced: (1) Subjects shown contrasexual pictures would require more presentations to form a stimulus-bound percept than would subjects shown congruent pictures; (2) Extraverts would require more presentations of the contrasexual pictures to form a stimulus-bound percept than would introverts; (3) Extraverts would manifest more emotional distance when describing a stimulus-bound contrasexual percept than would introverts. Hypotheses I and 3 received clear support, while Hypothesis 2 received indirect confirmation at early stages of percept development (prior to correct recognition). Results were discussed in relation to (l) Jung's theory of introversion-extraversion, focusing on content factors of the stimuli, and (2) Berlyne's arousal model, focusing on collative properties of the stimuli. Comparisons were drawn between the present microgenetic approach and a similar perceptual method, and between the present theoretical formulation and the concept of psychological androgyny.