ABSTRACT
It has been suggested that low intensity laser therapy (LILT) acts on pulmonary inflammation. Thus, we investigate in this work if LILT (650nm, 2.5mW, 31.2mW/cm(2), 1.3J/cm(2), laser spot size of 0.08cm(2) and irradiation time of 42s) can attenuate edema, neutrophil recruitment and inflammatory mediators in acute lung inflammation. Thirty-five male Wistar rats (n=7 per group) were distributed in the following experimental groups: control, laser, LPS, LPS+laser and dexamethasone+LPS. Airway inflammation was measured 4h post-LPS challenge. Pulmonary microvascular leakage was used for measuring pulmonary edema. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) cellularity and myeloperoxidase (MPO) were used for measuring neutrophil recruitment and activation. RT-PCR was performed in lung tissue to assess mRNA expression of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1ß (IL-1ß), interleukin (IL-10), cytokine-induced neutrophil chemoattractant-1 (CINC-1), macrophage inflammatory protein-2 (MIP-2) and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1). Protein levels in both BALF and lung were determined by ELISA. LILT inhibited pulmonary edema and endothelial cytoskeleton damage, as well as neutrophil influx and activation. Similarly, the LILT reduced the TNF-α and IL-1ß, in lung and BALF. LILT prevented lung ICAM-1 up-regulation. The rise of CINC-1 and MIP-2 protein levels in both lung and BALF, and the lung mRNA expressions for IL-10, were unaffected. Data suggest that the LILT effect is due to the inhibition of ICAM-1 via the inhibition of TNF-α and IL-1ß.
Subject(s)
Chemokines/metabolism , Cytokines/metabolism , Low-Level Light Therapy , Neutrophils/radiation effects , Pneumonia/radiotherapy , Acute Disease , Aerosols/chemistry , Animals , Anti-Inflammatory Agents/pharmacology , Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid , Chemokine CXCL1/genetics , Chemokine CXCL1/metabolism , Chemokine CXCL2/genetics , Chemokine CXCL2/metabolism , Chemokines/genetics , Cytokines/genetics , Dexamethasone/pharmacology , Disease Models, Animal , Escherichia coli/metabolism , Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1/genetics , Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1/metabolism , Interleukin-10/genetics , Interleukin-10/metabolism , Interleukin-1beta/genetics , Interleukin-1beta/metabolism , Lipopolysaccharides/toxicity , Lung/immunology , Lung/metabolism , Lung/pathology , Male , Neutrophils/metabolism , Peroxidase/metabolism , Rats , Rats, Wistar , Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/genetics , Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/metabolismABSTRACT
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) mimics the symptoms of acute lung injury (ALI), which is characterized by the accumulation in the lungs of neutrophils producing inflammatory mediators. Because of the lack of information about phototherapy (PhT) effects on ALI, we investigated whether PhT (685nm InGaAlP) attenuates LPS-induced ALI. PhT reduced lung edema, the accumulation of TNF-alpha in the lung, and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity. However, PhT was not efficient in reducing of TNF-alpha concentration in both serum and neutrophils of blood after LPS. In another series of experiments, in vitro assays of the effects of PhT effect on mouse pulmonary arterial endothelium cells (MPAECs) after TNF-alpha showed that the laser restores the MPAECs damage induced at 6 or 24h after TNF-alpha. These results suggest the PhT effect on ALI is partly due to inhibition of TNF-alpha release from neutrophils and lung cells.
Subject(s)
Acute Lung Injury/therapy , Phototherapy , Pneumonia/therapy , Acute Lung Injury/chemically induced , Acute Lung Injury/metabolism , Acute Lung Injury/pathology , Animals , Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid , Capillary Permeability , Cells, Cultured , Disease Models, Animal , Endothelial Cells/metabolism , Endothelial Cells/pathology , Escherichia coli , Lipopolysaccharides/toxicity , Lung/metabolism , Lung/pathology , Male , Mice , Peroxidase/metabolism , Pneumonia/pathology , Pulmonary Artery/metabolism , Pulmonary Artery/pathology , Rats , Rats, Wistar , Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/blood , Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/metabolismABSTRACT
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: It is unknown if the decreased ability to relax airways smooth muscles in asthma and other inflammatory disorders, such as acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), can be influenced by low level laser therapy (LLLT) irradiation. In this context, the present work was developed in order to investigate if LLLT could reduce dysfunction in inflamed bronchi smooth muscles (BSM) in rats. STUDY DESIGN/MATERIALS AND METHODS: A controlled ex vivo study was developed where bronchi from Wistar rat were dissected and mounted in an organ bath apparatus with or without a TNF-alpha. RESULTS: LLLT administered perpendicularly to a point in the middle of the dissected bronchi with a wavelength of 655 nm and a dose of 2.6 J/cm(2), partially decreased BSM hyperreactivity to cholinergic agonist, restored BSM relaxation to isoproterenol and reduced the TNF-alpha mRNA expression. An NF-kappaB antagonist (BMS205820) blocked the LLLT effect on dysfunction in inflamed BSM. CONCLUSION: The results obtained in this work indicate that the LLLT effect on alterations in responsiveness of airway smooth muscles observed in TNF-alpha-induced experimental acute lung inflammation seems to be dependent of NF-kappaB activation.
