ABSTRACT
The article reports results of clinical studies aimed to elucidate the influence of medicines on the size and density of atherosclerotic plaques in the walls of coronary and cerebral arteries. The phenomenon of regression of atherosclerotic lesions in the survivors of Leningrad siege during a long period of starvation is analyzed. The influence of inhibitors of angiotensin-converting enzyme on apoptosis of smooth muscle and foam cells of atherosclerotic plaques in the sanological mechanisms of atherosclerosis is discussed. The concept of natural regression of atherosclerosis is formulated and the necessity of development of the methods for is pharmacological activation are formulated.
Subject(s)
Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors/pharmacology , Cerebral Arteries/drug effects , Coronary Vessels/drug effects , Diet, Fat-Restricted/methods , Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors/pharmacology , Plaque, Atherosclerotic , Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors/pharmacology , Cerebral Arteries/diagnostic imaging , Coronary Vessels/diagnostic imaging , Humans , Plaque, Atherosclerotic/diagnosis , Plaque, Atherosclerotic/diet therapy , Plaque, Atherosclerotic/drug therapy , Treatment OutcomeSubject(s)
Recovery of Function/physiology , Starvation/history , Survival , Warfare , World War II , History, 20th Century , Humans , Starvation/rehabilitationABSTRACT
The authors attribute survival of certain residents of blockaded Leningrad under conditions ofcomplete starvation to activation of natural sanologic mechanisms of the body. Physiological psychoemotional stress is supposed to contribute to the formation of prerequisites for survival during subsequent starvation. Also, the survival is believed to be related to selected activation of apoptosis of renewable cells and utilization of their constituents in endogenous nutrition. The role of priority energetic and trophic support of brain and kidneys and the contribution of the psychosomatic factor are postulated. The mechanisms of rehabilitation after upset of vital activity involve partial reversibility of atrophic and metabolic processes and neural regulation of organs and their systems. The importance of the study of activation of natural sanologic mechanisms in extreme conditions is discussed
Subject(s)
Starvation , Stress, Physiological , Stress, Psychological/metabolism , Survivors/psychology , Apoptosis , History, 20th Century , Humans , Metabolism , Recovery of Function/physiology , Starvation/metabolism , Starvation/psychology , Starvation/rehabilitation , USSR , World War IIABSTRACT
Medical consequences of Leningrad blockade are considered from the standpoint of modern science. Pathologies acquired by blockade survivors are regarded as extreme polymorbid conditions caused by combined effect of prolonged psychemotional stress, largest-scale famine, and hypothermia responsible for undermining vital functions. Special emphasis is laid on the role of nervous system dysregulation in the development of many diseases. The influence of physiological and pathological stress on the outcome of alimentary dystrophia is discussed in the psychosomatic context. Pathogenesis of dystrophia and "Leningrad" hypertension is analysed. Mechanisms of survival and rehabilitation in subjects with persistent traces of blockade pathology are considered.
Subject(s)
Emaciation/history , Stress, Psychological/history , Urban Population/history , Adult , Emaciation/epidemiology , Emaciation/psychology , History, 20th Century , Humans , Hypertension/epidemiology , Hypertension/history , Hypertension/psychology , Middle Aged , Prevalence , Stress, Psychological/epidemiology , Stress, Psychological/psychology , USSR/epidemiology , World War IIABSTRACT
Medical consequences of Leningrad blockade are considered from the standpoint of modern science. Pathologies acquired by blockade survivors are regarded as extreme polymorbid conditions caused by combined effect of prolonged psychemotional stress, largest-scale famine, and hypothermia responsible for undermining vital functions. Special emphasis is laid on the role of nervous system dysregulation in the development of many diseases. The influence of physiological and pathological stress on the outcome of alimentary dystrophia is discussed in the psychosomatic context. Pathogenesis of dystrophia and Leningrad hypertension is analysed. Mechanisms of survival and rehabilitation in subjects with persistent traces of blockade pathology are considered.
Subject(s)
Emaciation/history , Hypertension/history , Stress, Psychological/history , Urban Population/history , Emaciation/epidemiology , Emaciation/psychology , History, 20th Century , Humans , Hypertension/epidemiology , Hypertension/psychology , Prevalence , Stress, Psychological/epidemiology , Stress, Psychological/psychology , USSR , World War IISubject(s)
Deficiency Diseases , Rehabilitation , Stress, Psychological , Warfare , Deficiency Diseases/mortality , Deficiency Diseases/psychology , Deficiency Diseases/rehabilitation , History, 20th Century , Humans , Starvation/mortality , Starvation/psychology , Starvation/rehabilitation , Stress, Psychological/mortality , Stress, Psychological/rehabilitation , USSR/epidemiologySubject(s)
Deficiency Diseases , Starvation , Warfare , Deficiency Diseases/mortality , History, 20th Century , Humans , USSR/epidemiologySubject(s)
Deficiency Diseases , Starvation , Warfare , Deficiency Diseases/mortality , History, 20th Century , Humans , USSR/epidemiologyABSTRACT
Serotonin antibodies (SAb) were found in the blood sera of middle-aged and elderly parkinsonian patients. The incidence of Sab in young and middle-aged healthy subjects was less, but increasing with age. Injected into the rabbit caudate nuclei, Sab suppressed the main pathogenetic mechanism of parkinsonian syndrome, the generator of pathologically enhanced excitation (GPEE) and parkinsonian symptoms induced by the MPP injection into substantia nigra. The intracaudate injection of serotonin enhanced GPEE activity and parkinsonian syndrome. The role of serotoninergic system and Sab in parkinsonism is discussed.
Subject(s)
Antibodies/blood , Parkinson Disease/immunology , Serotonin/immunology , 1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium/administration & dosage , Adult , Aged , Animals , Antibodies/administration & dosage , Antibody Specificity , Caudate Nucleus/drug effects , Caudate Nucleus/immunology , Caudate Nucleus/physiopathology , Cluster Analysis , Disease Models, Animal , Electrophysiology , Humans , Immunization , Middle Aged , Parkinson Disease/etiology , Parkinson Disease/physiopathology , Rabbits , Serotonin/administration & dosageABSTRACT
Injected into the rat caudate nuclei (CN) serotonin promotes the generator of pathologically enhanced excitation (GPEE) in CN and parkinsonian symptoms, induced by MPP+ injection into substantia nigra. Serotonin antibody injected in CN decreases the GPEE activity and partly suppresses the parkinsonian symptoms. The role of serotoninergic system in parkinsonism is discussed.
Subject(s)
Corpus Striatum/physiopathology , Parkinson Disease, Secondary/physiopathology , Serotonin/physiology , 1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium , Animals , Antigen-Antibody Reactions , Parkinson Disease, Secondary/chemically induced , Rabbits , Rats , Serotonin/immunologyABSTRACT
Dopamine antibodies (DAb) were found in the blood serum of parkinsonian patients, middle-aged and elderly, but not young. There was a correlation between the DAb incidence and dominant symptom in the middle-aged and elderly patients and between DAb and anginal parkinsonism in the elderly patients. DAb-binding serum gamma-globulins of parkinsonian patients injected into rat caudate nuclei induced the pathogenetic mechanism of Parkinson's syndrome (the generator of pathologically enhanced excitation-GPEE) in this brain part and evoked main parkinsonian symptoms (oligokinesia, rigidity and tremor). This effect was more expressed in the elderly rats compared with the young animals. The DAb role in the Parkinson's syndrome pathogenesis and in L-DOPA therapeutic tolerance formation is discussed.
Subject(s)
Antibodies/toxicity , Dopamine/immunology , Parkinson Disease, Secondary/etiology , Parkinson Disease/immunology , Adult , Aged , Aging/immunology , Antibodies/administration & dosage , Antibodies/blood , Antibody Specificity , Caudate Nucleus , Electroencephalography , Humans , Injections , Middle Aged , Parkinson Disease/complications , Parkinson Disease/physiopathology , Parkinson Disease, Secondary/immunology , Parkinson Disease, Secondary/physiopathology , gamma-Globulins/administration & dosage , gamma-Globulins/analysis , gamma-Globulins/toxicityABSTRACT
L-DOPA and dopamine (DA) binding antibodies were found in the blood serum of Parkinsonian patients and middle-aged and elderly normal persons. DA-binding serum gamma-globulins of parkinsonian patients injected into rat caudate nuclei induced the pathogenetic mechanism of Parkinson's syndrome (generator of pathologically enhanced excitation) in these brain part and evoked main parkinsonian symptoms (oligokinesia, rigidity, tremor). The serum gamma-globulins of Parkinsonian patients without Da-antibodies caused less pronounced EEG disturbances. Parkinsonian symptoms developed rarely and were shorter and less pronounced compared with the DA-antibody effect. The DA binding antibodies role in Parkinson's syndrome pathogenesis and is L-DOPA therapeutic tolerance formation was discussed.
Subject(s)
Antibodies/blood , Dopamine/immunology , Parkinson Disease/etiology , Adult , Aged , Animals , Caudate Nucleus/drug effects , Caudate Nucleus/physiopathology , Electroencephalography/drug effects , Humans , Levodopa/immunology , Male , Middle Aged , Parkinson Disease/immunology , Parkinson Disease/physiopathology , Rats , Time Factors , gamma-Globulins/administration & dosage , gamma-Globulins/isolation & purificationABSTRACT
Complex immunological, pathologicoanatomic and histopathological examination of intact rabbits revealed a correlation between the appearance of complement fixation antibodies and delayed hypersensitivity to tissue antigens on the one hand and the development of spontaneous pathology of the corresponding organs on the other. Meningoencephalitis was diagnosed in all sick animals by means of immunological tests. Tests for antibodies and delayed hypersensitivity to tissue antigens revealed intracapillary glomerulonephritis, coccidiosis of the liver, and pneumonia. The authors recommend conduction of immunological tests for detecting latent spontaneous pathology in laboratory animals.
Subject(s)
Antibodies/analysis , Central Nervous System Diseases/diagnosis , Hypersensitivity, Delayed/diagnosis , Kidney Diseases/diagnosis , Liver Diseases/diagnosis , Lung Diseases/diagnosis , Animals , Animals, Laboratory , Central Nervous System Diseases/pathology , Central Nervous System Diseases/veterinary , Hypersensitivity, Delayed/pathology , Hypersensitivity, Delayed/veterinary , Immunologic Tests/veterinary , Kidney Diseases/pathology , Kidney Diseases/veterinary , Liver Diseases/pathology , Liver Diseases/veterinary , Lung Diseases/pathology , Lung Diseases/veterinary , Male , RabbitsABSTRACT
Intracaudate bilateral injection of the dopamine antibodies caused the formation of the generator of pathologically enhanced excitation in caudate nuclei. All the rats exhibited the oligokinesia, rigidity and head tremor were observed in most animals. These abnormalities could be observed during 24 hours. The possible role of dopamine antibodies in parkinsonism pathogenesis is discussed.
Subject(s)
Antibodies/administration & dosage , Caudate Nucleus/physiopathology , Dopamine/immunology , Electroencephalography , Parkinson Disease, Secondary/physiopathology , Animals , Male , Parkinson Disease, Secondary/etiology , Rabbits , Rats , Rats, Inbred Strains , Time FactorsABSTRACT
Immobilization stress in rats can provoke damages of the brain parenchymal vessels, which are most pronounced in the reticular formation of the midbrain. In this case the blood plasma and cells enter the brain and the blood elements of brain tissue enter the circulation. Some experimental animals exhibit the serum complement-fixing brain antibodies and specific reactions of basophils to brain antigens 14 days after exposure to stress. Most of the rats reveal immune reactions and neurosensitivity a month later. Some of them exhibit the autoantibodies to norepinephrine and serotonin. It is suggested that stress-induced brain vascular damages may play an important role in the mechanisms of immune reaction induction.
Subject(s)
Antigen-Antibody Reactions , Stress, Psychological/pathology , Animals , Autoantibodies/biosynthesis , Immunization , Male , Microscopy, Electron , Neurotransmitter Agents/immunology , Rats , Rats, Inbred Strains , Restraint, Physical , Reticular Formation/immunology , Reticular Formation/pathology , Stress, Psychological/immunology , Time FactorsSubject(s)
Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes/etiology , Nervous System Diseases/complications , Animals , Autoantibodies/analysis , Autoimmune Diseases/etiology , Autoimmune Diseases/immunology , Autoimmune Diseases/physiopathology , Hypersensitivity, Immediate/etiology , Hypersensitivity, Immediate/immunology , Hypersensitivity, Immediate/physiopathology , Immune System/immunology , Immune System/physiopathology , Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes/immunology , Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes/physiopathology , Nervous System/immunology , Nervous System/physiopathology , Nervous System Diseases/immunology , Nervous System Diseases/physiopathology , Neuroimmunomodulation , Neurotransmitter Agents/immunologyABSTRACT
Experimental hippocampal pathology caused by the local electrolytic lesion of the dorsal hippocampal area was shown to induce synthesis of antibodies to neurotransmitters (epinephrine and serotonin) and to hippocampal, heart and lung tissue antigens.