O nó da terra: a renda da terra como base para análise das questões urbana e agrária / The land knot: land income as basis for analyzing urban and agrarian issues

Resumo: O objetivo deste artigo é discutir a renda da terra como base para análise das questões urbana e agrária. Para isso, realizamos um estudo temático cuja análise seguiu o método materialista histórico-dialético. Debruçamo-nos sobre os estudos desenvolvidos por Marx e Engels, além de elaborarmos uma pesquisa bibliográfica complementar. Buscou-se desvelar o laço que unifica a essência de duas expressões da questão social: a propriedade privada da terra e o processo de sua valorização a partir do trabalho incorporado à terra.

Abstract: This article aims to discuss land rent as a basis for analyzing urban and agrarian issues. To this end, we carried out a thematic study whose analysis followed the historical-dialectic materialist method. We focused on the studies developed by Marx, Engels, as well as complementary bibliographical research. We sought to unveil the bond that unifies the essence of these expressions of the "social issue": private ownership of land and the process of its valorization based on the work incorporated into the land.

A Systematic Review of the Consequences of Stigma and Stereotype Threat for Individuals With Specific Learning Disabilities.

Exposure to stigma and stereotype threat is detrimental for numerous marginalized groups. Research has demonstrated that individuals with specific learning disabilities (SLDs) are vulnerable to stigmatization. The purpose of this systematic review was to summarize the studies investigating associations between SLD-related stigma and stereotype threat and psychological and academic outcomes in individuals with SLDs, as well as examine the overall effect size of these associations across studies. A total of 16 studies met inclusion criteria-12 studies (52 effect sizes) examined SLD stigma with psychological adjustment or academic outcomes, and six studies (eight effect sizes) examined SLD stereotype threat. Greater SLD stigma scores had a medium-sized and significant correlation with less self-esteem across nine effect sizes (r = -.39, p = .002). Other outcomes were not powered enough for meta-analyses, although studies generally showed that greater SLD stigma and stereotype threat was related to less optimal psychological adjustment. These results suggest that these negative experiences should be a target of intervention and support efforts for individuals with SLDs. The associations between SLD stigma and stereotype threat and academic performance outcomes were comparatively more heterogeneous and less robust. These findings highlight the need for more research on SLD-related stigma and stereotype threat.

Concurrent predictors of word reading and reading comprehension for 9-year-olds with Williams syndrome.

We examined the cognitive, language, and instructional factors associated with reading ability in Williams syndrome (WS). Seventy 9-year-olds with WS completed standardized measures of real-word reading, pseudoword decoding, reading comprehension, phonological skills, listening comprehension, nonverbal reasoning, visual-spatial ability, verbal working memory, rapid naming, and vocabulary. Reading instruction method was determined from school records and interviews with parents and teachers. Similar to prior findings for individuals with WS, reading ability varied widely, ranging from inability to read any words to reading comprehension at age level. Multiple regression analyses indicated that the primary concurrent predictor of word reading ability was reading instruction method, with a systematic phonics approach associated with considerably better performance than other reading instruction approaches. Phonological processing skills-as assessed by a composite of phonological awareness and verbal short-term memory-also contributed significant unique variance to word reading ability, as did visual-spatial ability. The concurrent predictors of reading comprehension were single-word reading and listening comprehension. These findings indicate that the factors that predict concurrent early word reading and reading comprehension abilities for children with WS are consistent with previous findings for typically developing children and that the Simple View of Reading applies to children with WS. Children with WS benefit strongly from systematic phonics instruction regardless of IQ. Instruction focused on improving listening comprehension is likely to improve reading comprehension, especially as word reading skills increase. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11145-021-10163-4.

Spelling abilities of school-aged children with Williams syndrome.

AIMS: We examined the relation between spelling ability and word-reading ability in children with Williams syndrome (WS). METHODS: Eighty 9-17-year-olds with genetically-confirmed WS completed standardized tests of spelling, word reading, and intellectual ability; 45 also completed tests of phonological awareness and vocabulary. Reading instruction method was classified as Phonics or Other. RESULTS: Spelling ability varied widely. Although at the group level, spelling standard scores (SSs) were significantly lower than word-reading SSs, at the individual level, this difference was significant for fewer than half the participants. Spelling and reading SSs were highly correlated, even after controlling for intellectual ability. Students taught to read using systematic phonics instruction had significantly higher spelling SSs than those taught to read using other approaches, even after controlling for intellectual ability. Spelling ability contributed significant unique variance to word-reading ability, beyond the effects of phonological awareness, vocabulary, and reading instruction method. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings are consistent with Ehri's Word Identity Amalgamation Theory. In combination with previous meta-analytic findings for typically developing children (Graham & Santangelo, 2014) our results suggest that children with WS are likely to benefit from the inclusion of systematic spelling instruction as part of a systematic phonics approach to teaching word reading.

Realidade virtual não imersiva no treino de equilíbrio em idosos: estudo experimental não controlado / Non-immersive virtual reality in balance training in elderly people: uncontrolled experimental study

O processo fisiológico de envelhecimento causa uma diminuição progressiva da capacidade funcional do indivíduo. Dentre as principais alterações desse processo, destacam-se aquelas relacionadas ao equilíbrio. Dessa forma, torna-se importante a discussão e o desenvolvimento de propostas e estratégias preventivas e terapêuticas direcionadas para essa população. O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar a influência de um treino de equilíbrio através de realidade virtual não imersiva sobre o equilibrio funcional e o mede de quedas em idosos. Trata-se de um estudo experimental, não controlado. Foram realizadas vinte sessões individuais, supervisionadas pelo Fisioterapeuta, através da Wiireabilitação, com jogos direcionados ao treino de equilíbrio. Cada sessão tinha duração de 50 minutos. Antes de iniciar o programa de intervenção os idosos passaram uma avaliação através das escalas de Tinetti, Timed Up and Go (TUG), Teste de Alcance Funcional (TAF), a Falls Efficacy Scale Internacional ­ Brasil (FES-I-Brasil) e Dizziness Handicap Inventory (DHI). A mesma avaliação foi repetida ao final das vinte sessões. A comparação entre os valores iniciais e finais dos testes foi avaliada pelo teste da soma de postos de Wilcoxon, adotando-se um valor de alfa de 5%. A amostra final foi de 10 idosas (63,4 anos ± 3,92). Em relação aos testes executados antes e após a intervenção, observaram-se resultados estatisticamente significantes para as variáveis diretamente relacionadas ao equilíbrio funcional, Tinetti (p=0,005), TUG (p=0,005) e TAF (p=0,005), bem como para medo de quedas, FES-I (p=0,007) e tontura, DHI (p=0,008). Conclui-se que a intervenção através da realidade virtual se mostrou eficaz para o ganho de equilíbrio na população estudada.(AU)

The physiological aging process causes a progressive decrease in the individual's functional capacity. Among the main changes in this process, those related to balance stand out. Thus, it is important to discuss and develop preventive and therapeutic proposals and strategies aimed at this population. The aim of the study was to evaluate the influence of a balance training through non-immersive virtual reality on functional balance in the elderly. This is an experimental, uncontrolled study. Twenty individual sessions were held, supervised by the Physiotherapist, through Wiireahabilitation, with games aimed at balance training. Each session lasted 50 minutes. Before starting the intervention program, the elderly underwent an assessment using the Tinetti, Timed Up and Go (TUG), Functional Reach Test (TAF), the Falls Efficacy Scale International - Brazil (FES-I-Brazil) and Dizziness Handicap Inventory (DHI). The same assessment was repeated at the end of the twenty sessions. The comparison between the initial and final values of the tests was evaluated by the Wilcoxon rank sum test, adopting an alpha value of 5%. The final sample was 10 elderly women (63.4 years ± 3.92). Regarding the tests performed before and after the intervention, there were statistically significant results for variables directly related to functional balance, Tinetti (p = 0.005), TUG (p = 0.005) and TAF (p = 0.005), as well as for fear of falls, FES-I (p = 0.007) and dizziness, DHI (p = 0.008). It is concluded that the intervention through virtual reality proved to be effective for the gain of balance in the studied population.(AU)

Sleep characteristics and problems of 2-year-olds with Williams syndrome: relations with language and behavior.

BACKGROUND: Sleep problems have been shown to have a negative impact on language development and behavior for both typically developing children and children with a range of neurodevelopmental disorders. The relation of sleep characteristics and problems to language and behavior for children with Williams syndrome (WS) is unclear. The goal of this study was to address these relations for 2-year-olds with WS. Associations of nonverbal reasoning ability, nighttime sleep duration, and excessive daytime sleepiness with language ability and behavior problems were considered. METHOD: Ninety-six 2-year-olds with genetically confirmed classic-length WS deletions participated. Parents completed the Pediatric Sleep Questionnaire, which includes a Sleep-Related Breathing Disorder (SRBD) scale with a subscale measuring excessive daytime sleepiness, to assess sleep characteristics and problems. Parents also completed the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) and the MacArthur-Bates Communicative Development Inventory: Words and Sentences to assess behavior problems and expressive vocabulary, respectively. Children completed the Mullen Scales of Early Learning to measure nonverbal reasoning and language abilities. RESULTS: Parents indicated that children slept an average of 10.36 h per night (SD = 1.09, range 7.3-13.3), not differing significantly from the mean reported by Bell and Zimmerman (2010) for typically developing toddlers (p = .787). Sixteen percent of participants screened positive for SRBD and 30% for excessive daytime sleepiness. Children who screened positive for SRBD had significantly more behavior problems on all CBCL scales than children who screened negative. Children with excessive daytime sleepiness had significantly more attention/hyperactivity, stress, and externalizing problems than those who did not have daytime sleepiness. Individual differences in parent-reported nighttime sleep duration and directly measured nonverbal reasoning abilities accounted for unique variance in expressive language, receptive language, and internalizing problems. Individual differences in parent-reported daytime sleepiness accounted for unique variance in externalizing problems. CONCLUSIONS: The relations of nighttime sleep duration, positive screens for SRBD, and excessive daytime sleepiness to language and behavior in toddlers with WS parallel prior findings for typically developing toddlers. These results highlight the importance of screening young children with WS for sleep problems. Studies investigating the efficacy of behavioral strategies for improving sleep in children with WS are warranted.

Evaluation of Nutritional Supplementation with Palm Oil in High-Gravity Beer Production.

BACKGROUND: The use of nutritional supplementation of the brewer's wort can be an interesting option to increase cell viability and yeast fermentability. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to evaluate the effects of the variables wort concentration and nutritional supplementation with palm oil in the production of beer in high-density wort. METHODS: The process effects were evaluated through the central composite rotational design of type 22 associated with the Response Surface Methodology (RSM). The fermentations were carried out using the commercial Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast, lager type, at 15°C. RESULTS: The mathematical models and RSM obtained were an efficienct strategy to determine the optimum fermentation point for the ethanol volumetric productivity (wort concentration of 20.90 °P and palm oil content of 0.19 % v/v) and for the apparent degree of fermentation (wort concentration of 16.90 °P and palm oil content of 0.22% v/v). There was a good correlation between the experimental values observed and predicted by the model, indicating that the fit of the model was satisfactory and it can be inferred that the increase of the wort concentration and the nutritional supplementation with the palm oil reached an ethanol volumetric productivity of 0.55 g/L.h and an apparent degree of fermentation of 50.20 %. CONCLUSION: Therefore, it can be concluded that our study demonstrates that nutritional supplementation with palm oil is an alternative and promising option for the breweries to increase productivity. There are recent patents also suggesting the advantages of using alternative nutritional supplements in beverage production.

Treinamento de Pais e Autismo: Uma Revisão de Literatura / Training Parents and Autism: A Literature Review

O Transtorno do Espectro do Autismo (TEA) é caracterizado por deficits persistentes na comunicação e na interação social em múltiplos contextos e por padrões restritos e repetitivos de comportamento, interesses ou atividades. Tais comprometimentos devem estar presentes no indivíduo precocemente no desenvolvimento e causar prejuízos significativos em áreas importantes da vida. Como forma de promover o desenvolvimento das crianças com autismo, pesquisas se dedicam a estudar os tipos de intervenção mais eficientes para diminuir os sintomas autísticos e aumentar comportamentos adaptativos. O objetivo deste estudo é realizar uma revisão da literatura especificamente sobre treinamento de pais de pessoas com autismo a fim de sintetizar as evidências atuais a respeito do impacto desta modalidade de intervenção tanto para a criança quanto para a sua família. Foram consultadas as bases de dados Academic Search Premier, Journals Ovid Full Text, PsycArticles (APA),ScienceDirect (Elservier), SpringerLink (MetaPress) e Wiley Online Library para a seleção dos artigos. Foram selecionados e lidos integralmente 15artigos. Os estudos revisados apontam para uma indeterminação quanto à eficácia do treinamento de pais como forma de facilitar o desenvolvimento de crianças com autismo. Não foi encontrado resultado conclusivo no que diz respeito ao aumento da qualidade de vida dos pais dessas crianças após a intervenção (AU)

The Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is characterized by persistent deficits in communication and social interaction in multiple contexts and by restricted and repetitive patterns of behavior, interests or activities. These commitments must be present in person early in development and must cause significant damage in important areas of life. As a way to promote the development of children with autism, research devoted to study the most effective types of intervention to reduce autistic symptoms and increase adaptive behaviors. The aim of this study was to review the literature specifically on parent training with autism to synthesize current evidence on the impact of this type of intervention for both the child and the family.Databases Academic Search Premier, Journals Ovid Full Text, PsycARTICLES (APA), ScienceDirect (Elservier), SpringerLink (MetaPress) and Wiley Online Library for selecting articles were consulted. Were selected and read 17 articles. The reviewed studies suggest a vagueness idea about the effectiveness of parent management training in order to facilitate the development of children with autism. No conclusive results were found in regard to enhancing the quality of life of parents of these children after the intervention (AU)

Treinamento de pais e autismo: uma revisão de literatura / Training parents and autism: a literature review

O Transtorno do Espectro do Autismo (TEA) é caracterizado por deficits persistentes na comunicação e na interação social em múltiplos contextos e por padrões restritos e repetitivos de comportamento, interesses ou atividades. Tais comprometimentos devem estar presentes no indivíduo precocemente no desenvolvimento e causar prejuízos significativos em áreas importantes da vida. Como forma de promover o desenvolvimento das crianças com autismo, pesquisas se dedicam a estudar os tipos de intervenção mais eficientes para diminuir os sintomas autísticos e aumentar comportamentos adaptativos. O objetivo deste estudo é realizar uma revisão da literatura especificamente sobre treinamento de pais de pessoas com autismo a fim de sintetizar as evidências atuais a respeito do impacto desta modalidade de intervenção tanto para a criança quanto para a sua família. Foram consultadas as bases de dados Academic Search Premier, Journals Ovid Full Text, PsycArticles (APA),ScienceDirect (Elservier), SpringerLink (MetaPress) e Wiley Online Library para a seleção dos artigos. Foram selecionados e lidos integralmente 15 artigos. Os estudos revisados apontam para uma indeterminação quanto à eficácia do treinamento de pais como forma de facilitar o desenvolvimento de crianças com autismo. Não foi encontrado resultado conclusivo no que diz respeito ao aumento da qualidade de vida dos pais dessas crianças após a intervenção

The Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is characterized by persistent deficits in communication and social interaction in multiple contexts and by restricted and repetitive patterns of behavior, interests or activities. These commitments must be present in person early in development and must cause significant damage in important areas of life. As a way to promote the development of children with autism, research devoted to study the most effective types of intervention to reduce autistic symptoms and increase adaptive behaviors. The aim of this study was to review the literature specifically on parent training with autism to synthesize current evidence on the impact of this type of intervention for both the child and the family.Databases Academic Search Premier, Journals Ovid Full Text, PsycARTICLES (APA), ScienceDirect (Elservier), SpringerLink (MetaPress) and Wiley Online Library for selecting articles were consulted. Were selected and read 17 articles. The reviewed studies suggest a vagueness idea about the effectiveness of parent management training in order to facilitate the development of children with autism. No conclusive results were found in regard to enhancing the quality of life of parents of these children after the intervention

Processos de intervenção para crianças e adolescentes com Síndrome de Asperger: uma revisão de literatura / Intervention procedures for children and adolescents with Asperger Syndrome: a literature review

A Síndrome de Asperger (SA) se enquadra dentro dos Transtornos do Espectro do Autismo (TEA) e é caracterizada, segundo o DSM-IV, por um prejuízo severo e persistente na interação social e pelo desenvolvimento de padrões restritos e repetitivos de comportamento, interesses e atividades. O objetivo desse estudo foi realizar uma revisão sistemática da literatura sobre a eficácia da intervenção de treinamento de habilidades sociais em crianças e adolescentes com SA. Foram consultadas as bases de dados: ME-DLINE, PsyInfo, Psyarticles, Academic Search Premier e Web of Science. Foram selecionados oito artigos e os resultados indicaram que as intervenções propostas surtiram efeito positivo nas habilidades das crianças portadoras de SA em comparação com o grupo controle, sendo eficazes na promoção do desenvolvimento social. Desta forma, são sugeridos possíveis estudos futuros com medidas mais acuradas e com amostras maiores para a melhor compreensão dos programas de intervenção em crianças e adolescentes com SA(AU)

Asperger Syndrome (AS) is an Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and is characterized, according to DSM-IV, by a severe and persistent impairment in social interaction and by the development of restricted and repetitive patterns of behavior, interests and activities. The aim of this study was to systematically review the literature on the effeectiveness of the intervention of social skills training in children or adolescents with AS. We used as databases: MEDLINE, Psyinfo, Psyarticles, Academic Search Premier and Web of Science. Eight articles were selected and the results indicated that the proposed interventions produced positive effeects on the skills of children with SA compared with the control group, being effeective in promoting social development. Thus, possible future studies are suggested with more accurate measures and larger samples for a better understanding of intervention programs in children and adolescents with AS(AU)

Perfil lipídico e glicêmico de ratos treinados em exercício aeróbio ou anaeróbio e suplementados com maltodextrina / Lipids and glucose levels of trained rats in aerobic or anaerobic conditions and supplemented with maltodextrin / Los lípidos y los niveles de glucosa de las ratas entrenadas en condiciones aeróbicas o anaeróbicas y se complementa con maltodextrina

OBJETIVO: verificar as alterações no perfil lipídico e glicêmico de ratos treinados, suplementados com maltodextrina. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: o protocolo de treinamento consistiu de 8 semanas de natação em padrão contínuo (60min.dia-1) ou intermitente (2 períodos de 30min, com intervalo de 10min), com sobrecargas correspondentes a 5% e 10% do peso corporal, respectivamente. Durante 37 dias os animais foram suplementados com uma dose diária de 0,48g.kg-1 de maltodextrina dissolvida em água ou receberam água pura. RESULTADOS: o exercício aeróbio ocasionou aumento significativo no nível glicêmico. Os exercícios e a maltodextrina não causaram alterações no perfil lipídico. CONCLUSÃO: o exercício aeróbio proporcionou elevação no nível glicêmico, não causando hipoglicemia.

The objective was to verify changes in lipids and glucose levels of trained rats supplemented with maltodextrin. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The training protocol consisted of 8 weeks of continuous swimming pattern (60min.dia-1) or intermittent (2 periods of 30 minutes, with an interval of 10 minutes), with overloads corresponding to 5% and 10% of body weight, respectively. For 37 days the animals were supplemented with a daily dose of 0.48 g.kg-1 maltodextrin dissolved in water or pure water. RESULTS: Aerobic exercise caused a significant increase in blood glucose levels. The exercises and maltodextrin did not cause changes in lipid profile. CONCLUSION: Aerobic exercise gave rise in blood glucose levels, without causing hypoglycemia.

El objetivo fue comprobar los cambios en los lípidos y los niveles de glucosa de las ratas entrenadas complementados con maltodextrina. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: El protocolo consistió en 8 semanas de patrón de natación continua (60min.dia-1) o intermitente (2 períodos de 30 min, con un intervalo de 10 min), con sobrecargas que corresponden al 5% y el 10% del peso corporal. Durante 37 días los animales fueron suplementados con una dosis diaria de 0,48 g.kg-1 maltodextrina disuelta en agua o agua pura. RESULTADOS: El ejercicio aeróbico provocó un aumento significativo en los niveles de glucosa en la sangre. Los ejercicios y la maltodextrina no causó cambios en el perfil lipídico. CONCLUSIONES: El ejercicio aeróbico dio lugar en los niveles de glucosa en la sangre, sin causar hipoglucemia.

The ability of haemolysins expressed by atypical enteropathogenic Escherichia coli to bind to extracellular matrix components.

Typical and atypical enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) are considered important bacterial causes of diarrhoea. Considering the repertoire of virulence genes, atypical EPEC (aEPEC) is a heterogeneous group, harbouring genes that are found in other diarrheagenic E. coli pathotypes, such as those encoding haemolysins. Haemolysins are cytolytic toxins that lyse host cells disrupting the function of the plasma membrane. In addition, these cytolysins mediate a connection to vascular tissue and/or blood components, such as plasma and cellular fibronectin. Therefore, we investigated the haemolytic activity of 72 aEPEC isolates and determined the correlation of this phenotype with the presence of genes encoding enterohaemolysins (Ehly) and cytolysin A (ClyA). In addition, the correlation between the expression of haemolysins and the ability of these secreted proteins to adhere to extracellular matrix (ECM) components was also assessed in this study. Our findings demonstrate that a subset of aEPEC presents haemolytic activity due to the expression of Ehlys and/or ClyA and that this activity is closely related to the ability of these isolates to bind to ECM components.

The ability of haemolysins expressed by atypical enteropathogenic Escherichia coli to bind to extracellular matrix components

Typical and atypical enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) are considered important bacterial causes of diarrhoea. Considering the repertoire of virulence genes, atypical EPEC (aEPEC) is a heterogeneous group, harbouring genes that are found in other diarrheagenic E. coli pathotypes, such as those encoding haemolysins. Haemolysins are cytolytic toxins that lyse host cells disrupting the function of the plasma membrane. In addition, these cytolysins mediate a connection to vascular tissue and/or blood components, such as plasma and cellular fibronectin. Therefore, we investigated the haemolytic activity of 72 aEPEC isolates and determined the correlation of this phenotype with the presence of genes encoding enterohaemolysins (Ehly) and cytolysin A (ClyA). In addition, the correlation between the expression of haemolysins and the ability of these secreted proteins to adhere to extracellular matrix (ECM) components was also assessed in this study. Our findings demonstrate that a subset of aEPEC presents haemolytic activity due to the expression of Ehlys and/or ClyA and that this activity is closely related to the ability of these isolates to bind to ECM components.

Polyclonal anti-intimin antibody: immunological characterization and its use in EPEC and EHEC diagnosis

EPEC e EHEC constituem um risco significativo para a saúde pública em diferentes partes do mundo. Ambas colonizam a mucosa intestinal e subvertem as funções celulares do epitélio intestinal ao produzirem uma lesão histopatológica característica, conhecida por lesão A/E (attaching-and-effacing), na qual a intimina é uma das proteínas envolvidas. A família das intiminas apresenta também uma região conservada, que compreende os aminoácidos de 388 a 667 (Int 388-667). O objetivo do presente trabalho foi a obtenção de um anticorpo policlonal contra a região conservada de intimina. A caracterização fenotípica das amostras de EPEC e EHEC utilizando este anticorpo permitiu observar-se a maneira variável que ele reconhece os diversos subtipos de intimina e sugere que ele seja uma ferramenta para detecção destes patógenos, sendo o ensaio de immuno-dot o método de captura de escolha.

Polyclonal anti-intimin antibody: immunological characterization and its use in EPEC and EHEC diagnosis

Intimins are outer membrane proteins expressed by enteric bacterial pathogens capable of inducing intestinalattachment-and-effacement lesion (A/E). Through immunoblotting, immunofluorescence, flow citometry andimmunogold we observed that the obtained polyclonal antibody against conserved intimin region recognizesthe different intimin subtypes and suggests that it can be used as a tool for EPEC and EHEC detection.Besides, immuno-dot assay seems to be a possible alternative as a capture method.

Polyclonal anti-intimin antibody: immunological characterization and its use in EPEC and EHEC diagnosis

Intimins are outer membrane proteins expressed by enteric bacterial pathogens capable of inducing intestinal attachment-and-effacement lesion (A/E). Through immunoblotting, immunofluorescence, flow citometry and immunogold we observed that the obtained polyclonal antibody against conserved intimin region recognizes the different intimin subtypes and suggests that it can be used as a tool for EPEC and EHEC detection. Besides, immuno-dot assay seems to be a possible alternative as a capture method.

EPEC e EHEC constituem um risco significativo para a saúde pública em diferentes partes do mundo. Ambas colonizam a mucosa intestinal e subvertem as funções celulares do epitélio intestinal ao produzirem uma lesão histopatológica característica, conhecida por lesão A/E (attaching-and-effacing), na qual a intimina é uma das proteínas envolvidas. A família das intiminas apresenta também uma região conservada, que compreende os aminoácidos de 388 a 667 (Int 388-667). O objetivo do presente trabalho foi a obtenção de um anticorpo policlonal contra a região conservada de intimina. A caracterização fenotípica das amostras de EPEC e EHEC utilizando este anticorpo permitiu observar-se a maneira variável que ele reconhece os diversos subtipos de intimina e sugere que ele seja uma ferramenta para detecção destes patógenos, sendo o ensaio de immuno-dot o método de captura de escolha.

Polyclonal anti-intimin antibody: immunological characterization and its use in EPEC and EHEC diagnosis

Intimins are outer membrane proteins expressed by enteric bacterial pathogens capable of inducing intestinal attachment-and-effacement lesion (A/E). Through immunoblotting, immunofluorescence, flow citometry and immunogold we observed that the obtained polyclonal antibody against conserved intimin region recognizes the different intimin subtypes and suggests that it can be used as a tool for EPEC and EHEC detection. Besides, immuno-dot assay seems to be a possible alternative as a capture method.

EPEC e EHEC constituem um risco significativo para a saúde pública em diferentes partes do mundo. Ambas colonizam a mucosa intestinal e subvertem as funções celulares do epitélio intestinal ao produzirem uma lesão histopatológica característica, conhecida por lesão A/E (attaching-and-effacing), na qual a intimina é uma das proteínas envolvidas. A família das intiminas apresenta também uma região conservada, que compreende os aminoácidos de 388 a 667 (Int 388-667). O objetivo do presente trabalho foi a obtenção de um anticorpo policlonal contra a região conservada de intimina. A caracterização fenotípica das amostras de EPEC e EHEC utilizando este anticorpo permitiu observar-se a maneira variável que ele reconhece os diversos subtipos de intimina e sugere que ele seja uma ferramenta para detecção destes patógenos, sendo o ensaio de immuno-dot o método de captura de escolha.